US2662033A - Process of making a label - Google Patents

Process of making a label Download PDF

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Publication number
US2662033A
US2662033A US198705A US19870550A US2662033A US 2662033 A US2662033 A US 2662033A US 198705 A US198705 A US 198705A US 19870550 A US19870550 A US 19870550A US 2662033 A US2662033 A US 2662033A
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sheet
label
printing
base sheet
solvent
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US198705A
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Clyde M Andrew
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Blue Bell Inc
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Blue Bell Inc
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M1/00—Inking and printing with a printer's forme
    • B41M1/26—Printing on other surfaces than ordinary paper
    • B41M1/30—Printing on other surfaces than ordinary paper on organic plastics, horn or similar materials
    • B41M1/305—Printing on other surfaces than ordinary paper on organic plastics, horn or similar materials using mechanical, physical or chemical means, e.g. corona discharge, etching or organic solvents, to improve ink retention

Definitions

  • Anobject of the present invention is to pro.- vide a process which 'willproduce a "new and ifnprov ed label which is-durable and resistant-to the action of water; detergents and chemical cleaning fluids, which can eflfectively withstand aging, weathering and sunlight, which has high color stability, which permanently retains printing and/or design'm'atter thereon, whichlends itself to uniform manufacture as to physical properties, appearance, size andshapa-and which, compared with leather-labels, is inexpensive to make.
  • the base s'heet of the label-'isf nade in essence 'of synthetic resin of the thermoplastictype, and more specifically offa *resin of the vinyl family.
  • A-suitable vinylplastic-fprtlie purpose is vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate or; viny1 chloride-vinyl acetate copolyiner, compounded for the attainment of 3 the necessary ;resi1iency, flexibility and-toughness.
  • v s f One difificulty withvinyl plastics isthe fact that-they do not lend themselves satisfactorily to conventional label printing processes.
  • the impr nting of he resm base sheet Zof the label is effected by applying a; solvent to the sheet to partially" liquef its-senate: While the surface i s'in this part ll efid s'tatejprinting is applied ther'on thermoplastic resin of the eneralcharacter of the liase resm material .ofthe stock or' sheet but EofIitaihiifIg the necessary printing dye or pigjfne'rit. a result, the printed layer and the base-stock bgecome' united into a single or integrated whale.
  • I Figure -&2 is' agcross section aof' -athe label, ;taken on -li1ie':2 -2 of Eigureifltbutiortalarger scale, Zthe printing layer-beingsliowh.exaggeratedlin thickness incomparisonvvithithethicknessxofithe base sheetofthe label.
  • the surface to be printed is partially liquefied by a solvent.
  • the ketones are desirable for the purpose. These should have a boiling point low enough so that residual traces could be driven off by evaporation at a temperature of 160 F. Ethyl methyl ketone is particularly suitable, although other ketones, as for example, acetone, may be used. I
  • the sheet For rendering the surface of the base sheet ID to be printed partially liquefied with the solvent, the sheet is exposed to the vapors of the solvent at an elevated temperature of about 110 F. and the sheet is exposed to the action of the solvent vapor for a period of about one second before formulation used, the pigment resin vehicle cor-,
  • the resin in the base sheet responds to the resin in the base sheet and is vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate or vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer.
  • the pigmented resin is vinyl chloride.
  • the pigment resin vehicle desirably contains a plasticizer but this need not be as much as in the base sheet. About 3 per cent of plasticizer in this resin vehicle is sufficient.
  • a typical formulation for a printing composition for a black figure design may, for example, comprise 85 per cent of a vinyl resin compounded with the necessary plasticizer and other ingredients and 15 per cent carbon black dispersed therein.
  • thepigmented resin printing composition is applied by any suitable printing process in any required design or pattern to form a print layer II.
  • This vinyl printing composition containing pigment becomes dissolved in the base resin itself and causes the base sheet and the print layer II to merge into a single mass of substantially the same constituency.
  • the resulting printed label is subjected to further heat to a temperature of approximately 160 F. to drive off residual traces of the solvent.
  • the label is subjected to heat and pressure.
  • the printed label is heated to approximately 265 to 275 F.
  • the surface material including the printing resin but not the pigment dispersed in this resin, is in soft plastic condition. While in this condition, the label is passed through the field of action of a pair of nip rolls adapted to apply a pressure of about 100 pounds to the label.
  • the surface of one of the nip rolls is designed to impart a leathery embossed pattern to the soft label surface. This pressure action not only molds the label surface to produce the required cell-like structure !2, but also presses the superposed base sheet lll and print layer H more firmly together into a composite unitary structure.
  • the label is cooled after the roll molding operation described and causes the impressed sur-- face pattern to become a permanent part of the label at normal temperatures.
  • the printing pigments, inks or dyes do not merely adhere to the outer surface of the base sheet but become a part integrally of the resinous mass.
  • the labels will all be uniform and will have color and stock stability to home and commercial type laundering treatments. Moreover, the label will not be subjected .to deterioration due to aging or the action of sunlight exposure, since no part of the label is of oxidizable character. Also, none of the usual hy- 1 drocarbon types of dry cleaning fluids have any effect on the label, so that these fluids could be used to remove obstinate grease spots which cannot be completely eliminated by wet solvent methods of cleaning. Moreover, the label can.v
  • the label is non-shrinkable in coldv or boiling water containing suds, and no part of this label is soluble in the Washing or cleaning fiuid.
  • the label when immersed in boiling suds assumes such pliability that it exerts no forces damaging to the apparel to which it is sewn.
  • the process of making garment labels and the like comprising preliminarily subjecting a surface of a flexible base sheet of vinyl resin to an organic solvent of relatively low boiling point in hot vapor form, thereby liquifying the The labels as described may be produced by a 3.
  • the process of making garment labels or the like which comprises forming a flexible base sheet of a resin of the class consisting of vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, preliminarily subjecting a surface of the sheet to an organic solvent of relatively low boiling point in hotivapor form for a period of substantially one second, then substantially immediately thereafter printing upon said surface while the surface is partially liquified with a pigment in a resin vehicle of the class consisting of vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, whereby said vehicle dissolves in and integrally unites with the base sheet material. and subjecting the resulting product to heat sufficient to drive ofi the residual solvent.

Description

Dec. v8, 1953 c. ANDREW A 0 d y f L Patented Dec. 8, 1953 G de Andr w Gre ar Blue Bell, Inca, qreensborgN.
of North Carolina ressures ernliqatiqn vacate 1, 50 r el NQ- A -3495 (o1. s ns) 6 cla m 'tlthenr ent invent ni tes .1 nei 'a.t m.- n oved oc s f r I .Qdil ine a abel 1.1 19 1 W11 ave pa t cu ar uti ty in .cqnne i n it s ments. I
.Itis customa y to s w lab ls on arments ;or art cl o t i to "desc ib sourc ailm eti it e ign y ng, cons u i n wo m ship. tc- C n types o ru ed ga ment s For exa e l an erflllsrid n ha san we tern bS req i e s urdy la ls e c al w e t e arment a to e laun e ed .0 ire uent y a edor tha 'nu nqse' h b en cu tomar t p vil'abels. al ;Qf,lea .sin t eseplen'd flec with thei i td p app a a 9 h rment The e lab ls how r i aqk t esired er ab i heqal e Qfthe fii s t e lffifi wa er de e ent and nem qa qleaning s:t ere nf niaupqe ia an q1 ani ,an c se Q th Sens tivi t a in w ar fe Moreover, i fl ffi R t 'aPQ Y a lea re t shi s p i t i e i nt ese labelsel eh e t r abe s a mQt :be .m un orm 'lduet'o hideout variations frorn-peltto pelt andto. chem-- ical deteriorationfrom'lot to lot resulting f n the tanning and other chemicaloperations 't er e-' on.
Anobject of the present invention is to pro.- vide a process which 'willproduce a "new and ifnprov ed label which is-durable and resistant-to the action of water; detergents and chemical cleaning fluids, which can eflfectively withstand aging, weathering and sunlight, which has high color stability, which permanently retains printing and/or design'm'atter thereon, whichlends itself to uniform manufacture as to physical properties, appearance, size andshapa-and which, compared with leather-labels, is inexpensive to make.
In accordance with; certain aspects ofthe present invention, the base s'heet of the label-'isf nade in essence 'of synthetic resin of the thermoplastictype, and more specifically offa *resin of the vinyl family. A-suitable vinylplastic-fprtlie purpose is vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate or; viny1 chloride-vinyl acetate copolyiner, compounded for the attainment of 3 the necessary ;resi1iency, flexibility and-toughness. v s f One difificulty withvinyl plastics isthe fact that-they do not lend themselves satisfactorily to conventional label printing processes. qolo're applying or printing processes commonly -employecl connection with papen textiles and plastic-would not-produce the dull adhering color patterns on vinyl plastic necessary to meetthe standa'rdof-legibility andpermanency. Imprintingaon vinyl plastics by =oommon-1y knowri processes producesdepositsofxlcolor without strong 7 bond or -ss1 1 esgqn and subject toremoval by the sli gh st ahrasive act therwithl Moreover. Wash ng and*cleanmg with hniical "fluids removes t e n printabatteins dr e'signs applied by theseknown -nfethods'." T
' In I co; dancevvith the present invention, the impr nting of he resm base sheet Zof the label is effected by applying a; solvent to the sheet to partially" liquef its-senate: While the surface i s'in this part ll efid s'tatejprinting is applied ther'on thermoplastic resin of the eneralcharacter of the liase resm material .ofthe stock or' sheet but EofIitaihiifIg the necessary printing dye or pigjfne'rit. a result, the printed layer and the base-stock bgecome' united into a single or integrated whale.
As another fe'atu're;- the base sheet and the ap- 1ie prme1ayerare sulij edtedto -heat' 'an'd Ipressiire' to decorative'ly em-b 's's the printed surface oftheresulting-ilabeli Various. otheriobjcts, features and advantages of the invention will beapparent =-rom the i'ollo'vvin' g -pa'tticlular description and from .an .inspection -'-'of the :a'cc'ompa'nying -.drawings, .in which? Figured =is a-face viewofaa label embodying-the present 1 invention and' rnade' accordance .ivith the process of the present invention; and
I Figure -&2 is' agcross section aof' -athe label, ;taken on -li1ie':2 -2 of Eigureifltbutiortalarger scale, Zthe printing layer-beingsliowh.exaggeratedlin thickness incomparisonvvithithethicknessxofithe base sheetofthe label.
I In carrying aoutithesprocesszexemplification,of the presnt ainvention; :a'label {stock miadeof :a vinyl iresin desirably zof'ivinyl chloride, :yinyl acetate or zvinyl zchloridevinyll'acetate: .copolymer iscalendered to'tl'iefirequii ed thickness, which fOI'L OIdiIlQIY labelepurposesa iszpreferably ;=3.0:ito 40 gauge; and ImoresnecificallyAOLgaIuge .to produce abase sl'ieet-oriblank' I10. .;!1hisviny1resinZis.compounded with theneces'sar pigmentoridyerlubricant, diliiennresin andfillersas.required;;to;attain the desired propertiestandflappearances. Since theilahelds, desirablylhighlyiflexible. tospermit lit to b8z=fb1d6d swithsthe agar-meant, to .yvvhich; it .is to bei-applied,:theJabeLstock contains,.a ihigh .ipe'rcentage of plasticizer. -'.Altho'ugh the. possibilities of rformulationuare many. ga. typicaliiormulaior thestock materialzmaylhe. aslfollows:
{Percehtjoyweight After the label stock has been made to the required gauge by calendering or other suitable process, the surface to be printed is partially liquefied by a solvent. The ketones are desirable for the purpose. These should have a boiling point low enough so that residual traces could be driven off by evaporation at a temperature of 160 F. Ethyl methyl ketone is particularly suitable, although other ketones, as for example, acetone, may be used. I
For rendering the surface of the base sheet ID to be printed partially liquefied with the solvent, the sheet is exposed to the vapors of the solvent at an elevated temperature of about 110 F. and the sheet is exposed to the action of the solvent vapor for a period of about one second before formulation used, the pigment resin vehicle cor-,
responds to the resin in the base sheet and is vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate or vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer. In the specific formulation employed, the pigmented resin is vinyl chloride.
The pigment resin vehicle desirably contains a plasticizer but this need not be as much as in the base sheet. About 3 per cent of plasticizer in this resin vehicle is sufficient. A typical formulation for a printing composition for a black figure design may, for example, comprise 85 per cent of a vinyl resin compounded with the necessary plasticizer and other ingredients and 15 per cent carbon black dispersed therein.
After the surface of the base sheet or blank H] has been exposed to the solvent vapors for about one second at a temperature of about 110 F. to partially liquefy the surface, thepigmented resin printing composition is applied by any suitable printing process in any required design or pattern to form a print layer II. This vinyl printing composition containing pigment becomes dissolved in the base resin itself and causes the base sheet and the print layer II to merge into a single mass of substantially the same constituency.
After the application of the printing and/or design to the dissolved surface of the base sheet It], the resulting printed label is subjected to further heat to a temperature of approximately 160 F. to drive off residual traces of the solvent. To produce a decorative embossed grain surface on the label, the label is subjected to heat and pressure. For that purpose, after the printing operation described, the printed label is heated to approximately 265 to 275 F. At this temperature, the surface material, including the printing resin but not the pigment dispersed in this resin, is in soft plastic condition. While in this condition, the label is passed through the field of action of a pair of nip rolls adapted to apply a pressure of about 100 pounds to the label. The surface of one of the nip rolls is designed to impart a leathery embossed pattern to the soft label surface. This pressure action not only molds the label surface to produce the required cell-like structure !2, but also presses the superposed base sheet lll and print layer H more firmly together into a composite unitary structure. The label is cooled after the roll molding operation described and causes the impressed sur-- face pattern to become a permanent part of the label at normal temperatures.
formed as a continuous strip, the printing ap plied thereto in successive sections, the strip subjected to heat and pressure for decorative surfacing and the printed strip out between the sucsessive prints to produce the individual labels.
In the resulting label, the printing pigments, inks or dyes do not merely adhere to the outer surface of the base sheet but become a part integrally of the resinous mass. The labels will all be uniform and will have color and stock stability to home and commercial type laundering treatments. Moreover, the label will not be subjected .to deterioration due to aging or the action of sunlight exposure, since no part of the label is of oxidizable character. Also, none of the usual hy- 1 drocarbon types of dry cleaning fluids have any effect on the label, so that these fluids could be used to remove obstinate grease spots which cannot be completely eliminated by wet solvent methods of cleaning. Moreover, the label can.v
be directly sewn to the garment to which it is to be applied Without the use of cloth or textile ad-l Furthermore, the label is non-shrinkable in coldv or boiling water containing suds, and no part of this label is soluble in the Washing or cleaning fiuid. Moreover, due to its thermoplastic characteristics, the label when immersed in boiling suds assumes such pliability that it exerts no forces damaging to the apparel to which it is sewn.
While the invention has been described withparticular reference to a specific embodiment, it
is to be understood that it is not to be limited thereto but is to be construed broadly and restricted solely to the scope of the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
p l. The process of making garment labels and the like comprising preliminarily subjecting a surface of a flexible base sheet of vinyl resin to an organic solvent of relatively low boiling point in hot vapor form, thereby liquifying the The labels as described may be produced by a 3. The process as defined in claim 1, wherein the solvent vapor is at a temperature of F.
4. The process as defined in claim 1, wherein the base sheet is exposed to the solvent in hot about vapor form for a period of substantially one second before printing thereon.
5. The process as defined in claim I, followed by the steps of heating the printed sheet to a temperature high enough to render the sheet in soft plastic form and while in this condition subjecting the sheet to compression between embossing members.
6. The process of making garment labels or the like which comprises forming a flexible base sheet of a resin of the class consisting of vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, preliminarily subjecting a surface of the sheet to an organic solvent of relatively low boiling point in hotivapor form for a period of substantially one second, then substantially immediately thereafter printing upon said surface while the surface is partially liquified with a pigment in a resin vehicle of the class consisting of vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, whereby said vehicle dissolves in and integrally unites with the base sheet material. and subjecting the resulting product to heat sufficient to drive ofi the residual solvent.
CLYDE M. ANDREW.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS I Date Number Name 1,677,475 Gunnell July 17, 1928 2,013,194 Vaughn Sept. 3, 1935 2,351,174 Whitehead June 13, 1944 2,486,259 Chavannes Oct. 25, 1949 2,561,513 Horback July 24, 1951 2,561,894 Wallich July 24, 1951.
OTHER REFERENCES Printing on VinylFilm, Chester M. Robbins, Rubber Age, Nov. 1946, pages 203-205.

Claims (2)

1. THE PROCESS OF MAKING GARMENT LABELS AND THE LIKE COMPRISING PRELIMINARILY SUBJECTING A SURFACE OF A FLEXIBLE BASE SHEET OF VINYL RESIN TO AN ORGANIC SOLVENT OF RELATIVELY LOW BOILING POINT IN HOT VAPOR FORM, THEREBY LIQUIFYING THE IMMEDIATE SURFACE PORTION OF THE SHEET, THEN SUBSTANTIALLY IMMEDIATELY THEREAFTER PRINTING UPON SAID SURFACE, WHILE SAID SURFACE IS PARTIALLY LIQUIFIED, WITH AN INK COMPRISING A PIGMENT IN A COMPATIBLE VINYL RESIN VEHICLE, WHEREBY SAID VEHICLE DISSOLVED IN AND INTEGRALLY UNITES WITH THE BASE SHEET MATERIAL, AND THEREAFTER REMOVING RESIDUAL TRACES OF THE SOLVENT BY DRYING.
5. THE PROCESS AS DEFINED IN CLAIM 1, FOLLOWED BY THE STEPS OF HEATING THE PRINTED SHEET TO A TEMPERATURE HIGH ENOUGH TO RENDER THE SHEET IN SOFT PLASTIC FORM AND WHILE IN THIS CONDITION SUBJECTING THE SHEET TO COMPRESSION BETWEEN EMBOSSING MEMBERS.
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Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2845734A (en) * 1955-06-03 1958-08-05 J brady
US2882414A (en) * 1953-10-28 1959-04-14 Callery Chemical Co Radiation dosimeter element coating
US3077040A (en) * 1956-01-16 1963-02-12 Joseph A Stieber Methods for forming a color impregnation of transparent geometrical shapes
US3135622A (en) * 1958-06-26 1964-06-02 Montedison Spa Process of coating polypropylene
US3285768A (en) * 1962-07-18 1966-11-15 Deering Milliken Res Corp Fabric coated with surface deformed foam
US3309804A (en) * 1965-03-19 1967-03-21 Merwyn C Gill Printed plastic article and method of making the same
US3339526A (en) * 1963-04-22 1967-09-05 Ici Ltd Apparatus for dip-coating
US3515567A (en) * 1966-01-26 1970-06-02 Kaneyasu Tani Method of surface treating polymer film to produce paper-like article
US3730667A (en) * 1970-03-10 1973-05-01 Nippon Kakoh Seishi Kk Apparatus for the production of a synthetic paper-like product from a polymer film
US3850667A (en) * 1965-11-27 1974-11-26 Nippon Kakoh Seishi Kk Synthetic paper and process
US3854890A (en) * 1970-01-20 1974-12-17 Showa Denko Kk Plastic article having a surface consisting of metal plated and colored non-plated portions
US3920875A (en) * 1969-07-11 1975-11-18 Tosho Suzuki Coated polymeric paper films and a method of producing the same
US3946129A (en) * 1972-06-20 1976-03-23 Coates Brothers & Company Limited Preparation of reprographic sheets
US4110497A (en) * 1976-07-02 1978-08-29 Snyder Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Striped laminate and method and apparatus for making same
US4241105A (en) * 1979-12-17 1980-12-23 Western Electric Company, Inc. Method of plating the surface of a substrate

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1677475A (en) * 1923-05-10 1928-07-17 Gunnell Oswald Label or tab for use with goods which have to be dyed
US2013194A (en) * 1934-11-14 1935-09-03 R N Nason & Co Method of producing painted designs, characters, letters, and the like
US2351174A (en) * 1941-05-16 1944-06-13 Celanese Corp Coated material
US2486259A (en) * 1947-09-06 1949-10-25 Marc A Chavannes Method for printing on thermoplastic sheetlike material
US2561513A (en) * 1948-10-20 1951-07-24 Celanese Corp Process for coating and coating compositions
US2561894A (en) * 1948-03-01 1951-07-24 Fred R Wallich Identification band

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1677475A (en) * 1923-05-10 1928-07-17 Gunnell Oswald Label or tab for use with goods which have to be dyed
US2013194A (en) * 1934-11-14 1935-09-03 R N Nason & Co Method of producing painted designs, characters, letters, and the like
US2351174A (en) * 1941-05-16 1944-06-13 Celanese Corp Coated material
US2486259A (en) * 1947-09-06 1949-10-25 Marc A Chavannes Method for printing on thermoplastic sheetlike material
US2561894A (en) * 1948-03-01 1951-07-24 Fred R Wallich Identification band
US2561513A (en) * 1948-10-20 1951-07-24 Celanese Corp Process for coating and coating compositions

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2882414A (en) * 1953-10-28 1959-04-14 Callery Chemical Co Radiation dosimeter element coating
US2845734A (en) * 1955-06-03 1958-08-05 J brady
US3077040A (en) * 1956-01-16 1963-02-12 Joseph A Stieber Methods for forming a color impregnation of transparent geometrical shapes
US3135622A (en) * 1958-06-26 1964-06-02 Montedison Spa Process of coating polypropylene
US3285768A (en) * 1962-07-18 1966-11-15 Deering Milliken Res Corp Fabric coated with surface deformed foam
US3339526A (en) * 1963-04-22 1967-09-05 Ici Ltd Apparatus for dip-coating
US3309804A (en) * 1965-03-19 1967-03-21 Merwyn C Gill Printed plastic article and method of making the same
US3850667A (en) * 1965-11-27 1974-11-26 Nippon Kakoh Seishi Kk Synthetic paper and process
US3515567A (en) * 1966-01-26 1970-06-02 Kaneyasu Tani Method of surface treating polymer film to produce paper-like article
US3920875A (en) * 1969-07-11 1975-11-18 Tosho Suzuki Coated polymeric paper films and a method of producing the same
US3854890A (en) * 1970-01-20 1974-12-17 Showa Denko Kk Plastic article having a surface consisting of metal plated and colored non-plated portions
US3730667A (en) * 1970-03-10 1973-05-01 Nippon Kakoh Seishi Kk Apparatus for the production of a synthetic paper-like product from a polymer film
US3946129A (en) * 1972-06-20 1976-03-23 Coates Brothers & Company Limited Preparation of reprographic sheets
US4110497A (en) * 1976-07-02 1978-08-29 Snyder Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Striped laminate and method and apparatus for making same
US4241105A (en) * 1979-12-17 1980-12-23 Western Electric Company, Inc. Method of plating the surface of a substrate

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