US2660308A - Magnetic separator - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 24, 1953 F. G. FISHER 2,660,308

MAGNETIC sEPARAToR Filed oct. 21, 1948 4 sheds-sheet 1 Nov. 24, 1953 `l; G, FlSHER 2,660,308

MAGNETIC SEFARATOR Filed Oct. 2l, 1948 4 Sheets-Sheet. 2

Nov. 24, 1953 F. G. FISHER MAGNETIC SEPARATOR 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed OCL. 21, 1948 -flVEnZz-f @azz/1f Gil-522er 557% j' EZ 1/5 Nov. 24, 1953 F. G. FISHER 2,660,308

MAGNETIC SEPARATORl Filed Oct. 2l, 1948 v 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented Nov. 24, 1953 MAGNETIC sEPAnAToR Frank G. Fisher, Lebanon, Ind., asvsignor;V to

Hanan-Crane Corporation, Lebanon, Intl.,l a corporation of ,Indiana Application October 21, 1948,V Serial N o. 55,794

(Cl. B-1.5)

3 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in a magnetic separator and method of magnetic separation, which invention is highly desirable for use in connection wththe removal of metallic particles, chips, shavings, swarf, and the like,V

from coolants used with Vcutting and grinding machines, although the invention will have other uses and purposes as will be apparent to one skilled in the art.

It is a desideratum of this invention to provide amagnetic separator simple in construction, more efficient in operation, more economical to both build and operate, and one-that is easier to operate than devices of similar function heretofore known. Y Y s Another object of this invention is the provision of a magnetic separator inA which the sources of magnetism are in the form of perma- 2 magnetic particles on the positel the poles of the Vrespective permanent magnets.

It is also an object of this invention to providev a magnetic separator embodying permanent magnets for attracting and temporarily holding particles to be separated upon a collecting member, with means provided to vary the magnetic force of theJr permanent `magnets at desired lov cations. -1 1 A further feature of the invention resides in thefprovision Vof a magnetic separator including nent magnets, rather than electromagnets, f

thereby eliminating numerous conduits and electrical connections, and materially Vlowering the cost of both manufacture and operation, and at the same time cutting the cost of maintenance by providing a device that will operate efficiently over a considerable length of time without parts becoming out of order. f v

Also an object of this invention isV the provision Y of a magnetic separator embodying Yimproved Y means for removing Ythe collected magnetic particles from the collecting member, such means embodying in a preferred form-of the invention a scraping device. Y

It is also a feature of this invention a magnetic separator embodying a scraping device that, by simple mechanism, is readily adjustable toward and away from the collecting member so as to provide for most eflicient operation inaccordance with the character of the magnetic particles to be removed` from the vcollecting member. f

Stillanother feature of the invention resides in the provision of a magnetic separator embodying a scraper element for removing collected particles Yfrom the collecting member, which scraper element is fixedly mounted adjacent to and resiliently biased toward the collecting member, there being means provided to limit theeffect of the biasing so that the scraper element may be maintained at a desired position relative Y tor provide a movable collecting member carrying permanent magnets thereon, .and in -which separator .the magnetic force of those/permanent magnets Y is automatically reduced at thelpointwhere the collected particlesare removed from the collect-` ing member. I

Another .feature of sides in the provision of a magnetic separator embodying anon-magnetic collecting member withy permanent magnet means disposedon one side of that member .to attract particles against the opposite side ofthe member, and magnetic means being provided spaced from the collecting member to shunt the iiux of the permanent mag-V net means.

.More specifically, the instant invention contemplates the provision of a magnetic separator embodying a non-magnetic rotary drumcarrying permanent magnets on Ythe outside thereof,

with a fixed magnetic drum inside the rotary drum, which fixed: drum acts as-a shunt for the fluxrfrom the permanent magnet, fiuid carrying magneticparticlesto be removedbeing introduced between the respectivedrums, and the collectedV particles KVbeing ultimately removed byV VfiO a magnetic separator embodyingk permanentV magnets and a collecting member, with means associated with both-the magnets and'collecting member to cause a bunching of the vattracted 552i- K Figure Sis-a vtransverse vertical-sectional view? scraper means from the interior surfaceof the rotary non-magnetic .'drum.

Stilla lfurther object ofthe instant inventioni resides in a newrand novel method of accomplishing magnetic separation.

While some of the more salient features, char'- acteristics, and advantages of the instant inven- Figure -1 is aside elevational View of a mag- -netic separatingapparatus embodying principles of "the instantinvention Figure 2 is a fragmentary/enlarged central vertical sectional view of the structure ofrligrl,V

showing certain parts in elevation;-

collecting member op-V the instant invention 1'e locking disk for holding the scraper mechanismV in a desired position of adjustment; and

Figure 7 is an end view ofthe scraper bar, showing the holding bolt in section.

As shown on the drawings: Y

In the illustrated embodiment ofthis vinvention there is shown a base I upon which a main housing 2 is seated, an auxiliary housing 3 projecting to one side of the main housing. The main housing encloses the separating apparatus itself,

while the auxiliary housing 3 encloses the power unit.

Extending centrally through the main housing 2-frcm one endvof the machine to the other is a tube or conduit 4, to which conduit a pair of legs and B are attached to form continuations thereof, leading up to a discharge housing 1, as best seen in Fig. l. In side the tube 4 a conveyor travels. This conveyor is of the endless type and in a preferred form may comprise a flexible ychain to which flights 9 are attached at spaced intervals (Fig. 2). These flights may be in the form of rubber disks reinforced 'on one or both sides 'by 4metallic plates. As `viewed in Fig. 2, the direction of travel of the illustratedreach of the conveyor is toward the right. The conveyor is actuated by'means of a motor I0 Vand gear reduction unit II mounted on top of the-housing 1. Inside that housing, but not visible in the` drawings, is a sprocket wheel driven `from the motor ID around which the conveyor may travel and discharge its loadof separated magnetic particles out the delivery chute I2 into any suitable receptacle.

VThe central tube 4 and associated structure;

may be supported inside the housing 2 by suitable frame supports 13-13 or equivalent means. As

best seen in Fig. 2,.a hollow shaft I4 is disposed concentrically around the tube'` 4 near one end of the structure. A fiuid inlet pipe I5 communi# cates with the interiorof this hollow fixed 'shaft' I4 through the casing or housing 2. Near the `opposite end of the hollow fixed shaft I4 is a fluid discharge port I6. and both endsof the shaft are:

sealed around the tube 4 so that the fluid can escape nowhere else. A Suitably journaled at one end aroundthe hol- Y low shaft I4 and at the other end around the tube 4 is a rotary drum I'I,.one end of which is completely sealed by a closure disk I8, and the other end of which is vclosed by a disk I9 having an annular series of outlet ports 20 thereinwhich communicate witha discharge chute 2 I.

It will be noted ,from the structure so far described that fluid containing magnetic particles to be removed may enter the pipe I5, pass through the hollow shaft I4 around the tubeV 4, and exit through the discharge port I6 directly into the interior of the rotary drum Il. Clear uid then exits from the drumthrough the ports 23 and out the discharge chute 2 I, after the'mag Y netic particles have been removed fromthefluid n orliquid by meansto-be later described.

The drum I1 is preferably of non-magnetic material and carries on its external side a plurality of longitudinal rows of permanent magnets 22, each row of magnets being held in position by a suitable supporting member 23 secured to the end walls IB and I9 of the drum. In the illustrated instance, the magnets are shown in the form of permanent horseshoeLmagnets'with their respective poles in contact with the external face of the drum I1. For purposes of illustration only Il' have shown three such longitudinal rows of magnets disposed equidistant apart around the non-magnetic drum I'I. It is to be distinctly understoodyh'owever, that any desired number of rows offmagnetsmay be employed, and any desred numberof magnets in a row may be utilized consistent with the size of the structure and the duty it is to perform.

The drum I'I may be rotated by means of a motor 24 in the auxiliary housing 3 by means of a suitable chain 25`trained over a` sprocket26 carried by the drum. During operation thewrotation of the drum is continuous. Disposed centrally beneath the drum vis a suitable drippan 2 which will` receive any leakage that might Y occur in the region of the drum and the discharge=- chute'2! and also receive anycondensation.drip.-Y

ping from -thedrunL` Inside the rotary drum is a stationary {lilium-'.23l

having inwardlydished end walls-29:-29. This drum is made of magneticmaterial. Asbest seen in Fig. 3, there is a discontinuityor-vgap. as indicated at 33 in the circumferential surface rof this-A A `trough-like Y* formation is provided by means of sloping.- side# drum 28 between the-end walls.

walls 3 I-j-3I which mergewith the conveyor conduit Il, the-upper portion of this conduit being-cute away as indicated at 32 (Fig. 2l inside the'vstationary drum so asto provide access to the con- Vveyor for the magnetic particles removed from the fluid passing between the two drums.

Located directly above the discontinuity lil() inthe circumferential surface of the drum-28is-a. scrapermechanism, generally indicated by numeral 33 in Figs. 2 and 3, which removes collected magnetic particles, swarf, and the like, -fromgthef inside face of thel rotary drum Il. This v`material when removed by the-scraper. falls into the--v trough-like formation in the stationary drum and drops-through the openingf32 into the conveyor conduit'4 from which it is continuously-removed by the action of the conveyor` The-scraper mechanism is best seen in Figs.

4, 5, 6 and '7, and includesra mountingelement 34 securedto a cylindrical vflange 35Y on each ofthe end Awalls 2.9-29 ofthe stationary drum. A lea-f-k spring 35 extends outwardlyandzupwardly fromy the mounting BIII and carries at its free-ende; clamping and supportingmelement 3l engaged-Y4 with a pair of ears 33 depending one fromleachf;

of a pair of confronting but spacedl frame members 3B-35 which tcgetherfform a cradle for a' pair of rollers i3-4B, one at each. end offthecradle arrangement. These rollers bear against` the inside surface ofthe drum i?. A- similarto effect an adjustmentoftheY scraper element per se, now aboutto be described.

The Y scraper embodiesA an elongated anglen iron 43, preferablyvv disposed with .its apexsubstantiallyrdownwardly. To. one side Vof this angle by the conveyor'.

one and when utilized for the clarifyingv of cut- 5, iron and projecting therebeyond ka scraper blade 44 is vpermanently attached and the upper and free edge of this blade is beveled as at 45 to provide a relatively sharp scraping edge. Secured to each end of the angle iron 4'3 is a disk sii hav ing a projecting central portion di and a centrally `disposed elongated slot d8 therethrough. The slot 48 is of a width to freely receive the shaft 4 I, but of a length materially exceeding the diameter of the shaft 4l, as clearly seen in Fig. 7. Another disk 49, FigfS, is provided with a central diametral recess or groove 5d and a central aperture 5| of a sizeto properly -receive the shaft 4i. Two disks 4S and 49 t together byvirtue of the projection 4l and the `groove 5G inv the manner of match-boards, and by virtue of the elongated slot 48 in the dislc- 46, that disk together with the angle iron 43 and scraper 44may be adjusted relatively to the bolt 4l and the disk 49 so as to bring the edge of the scraper bar to a desired position relative to the inside surface of the ro tary drum il. As seen in Fig. 4, it is not always desirable to have the edge of the scraper it bearing against or actually rubbing the inside surface of the drum Il, but the scraper may eiiectively perform its function with a slight space between the scraping edge and the drum surface. That space may be varied as desired from zero to a material amount depending upon the nature and size of the particles, chips, or the like being separated from the uid passing through the rotary drum. This adjustment may be easily accomplished by merely loosening the nut 42 at each end of the bolt 4I and then bodily moving the angle iron 43 upwardly or downwardly. When the nuts are again tightened by virtue or the two disks 45 and 49 at each end of the scraper, the angle iron and scraper bar will be held rmly in the adjusted position.

At the same time, it win be noted that ,the

scraper itself is always resiliently urged toward the inner face of the drum ii by the leaf springs 35--36 and the forceful movement effected by these springs is limited by the rollers dl-Ml riding on the inner face of the drum.

As the structure is viewed in Fig. 3, and also in Fig. 4, the drum Il rotates counterclockwise, and it will be noted from the showing in Fig. 3 that all the material released from the inside surface of the drum by the scraper will gravitate directly into the conveyor conduit.

In operation, the instant invention is extremely efficient and 'highly economical. By virtue of the use of permanent magnets 22 electrical connections to the rotary drum are eliminated and no current is required to establish the proper magnetism. As stated above, the fluid bearing the magnetic particles to be removed 'enters through the inlet i5, passes `through the hollow shaft i4, and is discharged through the port i8 directly inside the rotary drum carrying .the magnets. These magnets attract the magnetic particles to the inside face of the drum as it revolves, and the clean fluid mayleave the drum through the port 2d in the end wall I9 `and pass out the discharge chute 2l. The particles magnetically `held to the inner surface of the drum remain in their respective positions until contacted lby the scraper bar 44 when they fall by gravity into the conveyor conduit through the trough-like formation of theY stationary drum and are carried Iaway The process is a continuous ting or grinding machinecoolant, the coolant may be kept in continuous circulation fromthe ples of this invention and it is, therefore, not the machine through It should be especiauy. noted that the emcieney of operation is materially increased by virtue of the fact that the drum Il is of non-magnetic. material while tne stationary drum 28 is .of magnetic material. The stationary drurnis disposed sufficiently closely to the rotary drum so as to act as a shunt for the ilux of the magnets. 22. That is, the stationary drum provides a pathof low reluctance for the magnetic ux traveling...

from pole to pole of each magnet 22 and causes that flux to reach radially inwardly farther than .i it otherwise would. Consequently,the magnetic.' particles removed from the fluid are in effect'. hunched opposite the poles of themagnets'22.. andare more `easily removed by contact with .the I scraper bar. y

y t will therefore be noted that the magnetic ,-1

particles may be collected more rapidly and in greater quantity on the inner face of the collecting member or drum l?, by virtue of the lowu reluctance path provided by the magnetic drum.'A

with 'reference again to Fig. 3 it will aise-be It will be understood that'certain novel features of my invention, "such for example as the scraper assembly, may be employed with magnetic separators embodying electromagnets, as well as in other apparatus.,

It will, of course, be understood that various detailsv of construction may be varied through a wide range without departing from the principurpose to limit the patent granted hereon otherwise than necessitated by the scope of the appended claims.

I claim as my invention: l

1. In a magnetic separator, a rotary drum of non-magnetic material, a plurality of permanent magnets carried by the outside surface of said drum to attract metallic particles against the inside surface of said drum, means for rotating said drum, stationary magnetic drum meansdisposed within the interior of said rotarydrum defining a shunt `for said magnets, and cooperatingiw'ith Y said rotating drum to define a'thin' fluid path` Yfor particle-,laden fluid, agap arranged in the surface of said stationary drum for destroying the shunt action, thereby lessening the attractive force of said magnets in a predetermined zone .during rotation of said drum, a receptacle placed in said gap, and scraper means to remove attracted particles from said drum in' said zone anddirect them into said receptacle.

2. In a magnetic separator, a rotating'outer collecting member, permanent magnetic means' carried by said collecting member to attractl and hold Ametallic. particles suspended in a liquidrg-in l contact with the inside surface of said member, roller carried scraper means to remove attracted particles from the surface of said member, re-

the separator` and back to the 1 machine aeeoeef si-lient means .biasing:.saidrscraperimeans ,toward` the surface of said collecting member, an internal` stationary drumof magnetic material, said. drum having agap in its periphery atthe location of theA scraper; whereby said drum acts as amas-- netic .shunt until the magnets .reachthe gapand: whereby the seraperfremovesthe particles at al position of arelatively Weaky field and delectsV them ntosaid.stationarydrum, and means tol establish relativemovement between the collect-- ing: member-fand scraper means.

3:iIn a magnetic separator, a stationaryvmag.- netic member anda rotating non-magnetic member arranged in*` concentric relationship` with the rotatinggmember.outside, magnets .carried on the outer.:face of the' nonmagnetic member, said magnetic member acting .as a shunt for the ux of said magnets, means to introduce a fluid carryingmagnetic particles between'said members to cause attraction of the particles tothe inner face of the'non-magnetic member, said magneticA magnetic attractions. whereby thes: particles -mayf readily be removed i from .they innen-face ofA ther non-.magnetic member by the scraper.

. Number Name Date,

707,088 Dings V Aug, 19,1902y 867,744y McCabe..-" .Oct. 8,-.,1907 946,394 Ohrn.- Jan. 11, 1910 1,172,861 Stephens. Feb. 22,1916 1,542,288 DOlier June.16,`1925 1,697,375 Ullrich .Jan.11929 2,191,962 Jones .Feb. 27, 1940- 2,236,769 Armbruster Apr. 1, 1941. 2,432,756 Hapman. Dec. 16,1947 2,450,522- North. Oct; 5, 1948.- 2,466,839. Caldwell Apr; 12,1949,

FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Datel 11,690 Great Britain of '1890i

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