US2657328A - Traveling wave amplifier tube - Google Patents
Traveling wave amplifier tube Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2657328A US2657328A US794051A US79405147A US2657328A US 2657328 A US2657328 A US 2657328A US 794051 A US794051 A US 794051A US 79405147 A US79405147 A US 79405147A US 2657328 A US2657328 A US 2657328A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- helix
- oscillations
- conductor
- turns
- traveling wave
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
- H01J23/24—Slow-wave structures, e.g. delay systems
- H01J23/30—Damping arrangements associated with slow-wave structures, e.g. for suppression of unwanted oscillations
Definitions
- a tube comprising a helical conductor guiding the waves to be amplified, Whilst along the axis of the helix an electron beam is produced, the electrons of which exhibit a velocity chosen to be such with respect to the velocity of the waves in the direction of the axis of the helix that the electrons give oiT energy to the propagating waves so as to cause the latter to be amplified at the end of the helix.
- the waves to be amplified are supplied to the end of the helix nearest to the electron beam, whilst the pitch of the helix and/or the diameter of the turns, as well as the voltages used for producing the electron-beam are chosen to be such that the velocity of propagation of the Waves measured along the axis of the helix is slightly lower than the mean velocity of the electrons of the beam. Under these conditions the electrons give off energy to the waves, so that the latter may be derived in amplified form from the end of the helix remote from the source of electrons.
- the output end of the helix is required to be blocked by an impedance matched to the helix.
- the electrical resistance of the helix has a fairly high value. As a matter of course, this measure has a detrimental effect on the amplification to be obtained on account of losses occurring in the material of the resistance.
- the invention is based on recognition of the fact that in this case the losses in the material of the resistance at the input end of the helix preponderate over the energy procured by the beam, so that here the amplitude of the wave is materially damped and this is detrimental not only to amplification but also to a favourable signal-to-noise ratio.
- the object of the invention is to avoid stationary waves without involving heavy losses at the beginning of the helix itself.
- a plurality of turns at the beginning of the helix are made of conductive material, whereas the remaining part of the helix consists of turns consisting of material of poor conductivity.
- reference numeral l designates the envelope of the tube and 2 designates a device known per se for producing an electron-beam, the electrons of which move along the axis of the tube and may impinge upon a counter-electrode 3.
- the tube furthermore comprises, concentrically with its axis, a helically-wound conductor which consists of two parts 6 and l merging into one another approximately at point 8.
- Part 6 consists in this case of turns of high conductivity for high-frequency currents, whereas part 1 consists of turns damping the high-frequency waves to a fairly considerable degree.
- the end of the helix nearest to the electron source 2 is connected to earth through an impedance 4, which has suppliedto it the oscillations to be amplified.
- the other end of the helix is likewise earthed through an impedance 5 which is matched to the surge impedance of the helix and from which the amplifled oscillations may be obtained.
- the desired properties of the turns may, for example, be ensured by making the coil from material of poor conductivity and by covering the first turns with material of high conductivity, for example silver. Conversely, the whole of the helix may be manufactured from material of high conductivity and the last turns coated with material of poor conductivity.
- the helix may consist of wire of approximately 0.5 mm, thickness and the outer diameter of the turns may be about 6 mms.
- the helix may be wound with 5 turns per cm. and may consist, for example, of turns.
- the first 20 to 50 turns may be of conductive material and the remaining turns may be of material of low conductivity. The transition between the two portions may be gradual, although this is not always required.
- a tube constructed in this manner is adapted for amplifying waves of about 8 cms. of length. It is, otherwise, evident that the dimensions of the helix and the voltages required for producing the electron-beam are dependent on the desired amplification and on the wavelength of the oscillations to be amplified.
- a traveling-wave electron beam tube for the amplification of high-frequency oscillations
- the combination comprising a helical conductor for guiding oscillations, input means to supply the oscillations to be amplified to one end of said conductor, output means to extract the amplified oscillations from the other end of said conductor, means to generate an electron beam, and means to direct said beam along the axis of said helical conductor with a velocity which at any point thereon exceeds that of the traveling wave of said oscillations along the helical conductor as measured along said axis, said conductor having a conductivity at the output end portion thereof which is lower than the conductivity at the input end portion thereof such that the damping of the traveling wave is high at the output end portion relative to the input end portion.
- the combination comprising a helical conductor for guiding oscillations, input means to supply the oscillations to be amplified to one end of said conductor, output means to extract the amplified oscillations from the other end of said conductor, means to generate an electron beam, and means to direct said beam along the axis of said helical conductor with a velocity which at any point thereon exceeds that of the traveling Wave of said oscillations along the helical conductor as measured along the said axis, the turns of said conductor at the output end thereof having a conductivity which is lower than the conductivity of the turns of the conductor at the input end thereof such that the damping of the traveling wave is high at the output end relative to the input end.
- a traveling-wave electron beam tube for the amplification of high-frequency oscillations, the combination comprising a helical conductor for guiding oscillations, input means to supply the oscillations to be amplified to one end of said conductor, output means to extract the amplified oscillations from the other end of said conductor, means to generate an electron beam, and means to direct said beam along the axis of said helical conductor with a velocity which at any point thereon exceeds that of the travel .
- an electron- "beam gun-structure adjacent the input end of said helical conductor, and a collector electrode adjacent the output end of said helical conductor, said gun being arranged to direct the electron "beam along the axis of said helical conductor toward said collector electrode with a velocity which "at "any point thereon exceeds that of the traveling wave of said oscillations as measured along said axis, said helical conduc tor
Landscapes
- Microwave Tubes (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL265066X | 1947-01-13 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2657328A true US2657328A (en) | 1953-10-27 |
Family
ID=19781680
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US794051A Expired - Lifetime US2657328A (en) | 1947-01-13 | 1947-12-26 | Traveling wave amplifier tube |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2657328A (zh) |
BE (1) | BE479535A (zh) |
CH (1) | CH265066A (zh) |
DE (1) | DE807517C (zh) |
FR (1) | FR959554A (zh) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2849545A (en) * | 1953-07-29 | 1958-08-26 | John T Mendel | Wide band traveling wave amplifier |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL160193B (nl) * | 1950-06-15 | Wavin Bv | Inrichting voor het vervaardigen van een kunststofbuis met dwarse golven. |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2122538A (en) * | 1935-01-22 | 1938-07-05 | American Telephone & Telegraph | Wave amplifier |
US2233126A (en) * | 1933-10-23 | 1941-02-25 | Rca Corp | Device for and method of controlling high frequency currents |
US2300052A (en) * | 1940-05-04 | 1942-10-27 | Rca Corp | Electron discharge device system |
US2413608A (en) * | 1945-03-12 | 1946-12-31 | Hazeltine Research Inc | Time-delay network |
US2541843A (en) * | 1947-07-18 | 1951-02-13 | Philco Corp | Electronic tube of the traveling wave type |
US2575383A (en) * | 1946-10-22 | 1951-11-20 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | High-frequency amplifying device |
US2602148A (en) * | 1946-10-22 | 1952-07-01 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | High-frequency amplifier |
-
0
- FR FR959554D patent/FR959554A/fr not_active Expired
- BE BE479535D patent/BE479535A/xx unknown
-
1947
- 1947-12-26 US US794051A patent/US2657328A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1948
- 1948-01-12 CH CH265066D patent/CH265066A/de unknown
- 1948-12-14 DE DEP24583A patent/DE807517C/de not_active Expired
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2233126A (en) * | 1933-10-23 | 1941-02-25 | Rca Corp | Device for and method of controlling high frequency currents |
US2122538A (en) * | 1935-01-22 | 1938-07-05 | American Telephone & Telegraph | Wave amplifier |
US2300052A (en) * | 1940-05-04 | 1942-10-27 | Rca Corp | Electron discharge device system |
US2413608A (en) * | 1945-03-12 | 1946-12-31 | Hazeltine Research Inc | Time-delay network |
US2575383A (en) * | 1946-10-22 | 1951-11-20 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | High-frequency amplifying device |
US2602148A (en) * | 1946-10-22 | 1952-07-01 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | High-frequency amplifier |
US2541843A (en) * | 1947-07-18 | 1951-02-13 | Philco Corp | Electronic tube of the traveling wave type |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2849545A (en) * | 1953-07-29 | 1958-08-26 | John T Mendel | Wide band traveling wave amplifier |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CH265066A (de) | 1949-11-15 |
BE479535A (zh) | |
DE807517C (de) | 1951-06-28 |
FR959554A (zh) | 1950-03-31 |
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