US2654853A - Photoelectric apparatus - Google Patents

Photoelectric apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US2654853A
US2654853A US78687A US7868749A US2654853A US 2654853 A US2654853 A US 2654853A US 78687 A US78687 A US 78687A US 7868749 A US7868749 A US 7868749A US 2654853 A US2654853 A US 2654853A
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Prior art keywords
selenium
tube
light
electrode
amorphous
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Expired - Lifetime
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US78687A
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English (en)
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Paul K Weimer
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RCA Corp
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RCA Corp
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Priority to US78687A priority Critical patent/US2654853A/en
Priority to FR1014390D priority patent/FR1014390A/fr
Priority to GB4974/50A priority patent/GB672052A/en
Priority to DER1676A priority patent/DE821092C/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
    • H01J29/02—Electrodes; Screens; Mounting, supporting, spacing or insulating thereof
    • H01J29/10—Screens on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted or stored
    • H01J29/36—Photoelectric screens; Charge-storage screens
    • H01J29/39—Charge-storage screens
    • H01J29/45—Charge-storage screens exhibiting internal electric effects caused by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. photoconductive screen, photodielectric screen, photovoltaic screen
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
    • H01J29/02—Electrodes; Screens; Mounting, supporting, spacing or insulating thereof
    • H01J29/10—Screens on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted or stored
    • H01J29/36—Photoelectric screens; Charge-storage screens
    • H01J29/38—Photoelectric screens; Charge-storage screens not using charge storage, e.g. photo-emissive screen, extended cathode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J31/00—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes
    • H01J31/08—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes having a screen on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted, or stored
    • H01J31/26—Image pick-up tubes having an input of visible light and electric output
    • H01J31/28—Image pick-up tubes having an input of visible light and electric output with electron ray scanning the image screen
    • H01J31/30—Image pick-up tubes having an input of visible light and electric output with electron ray scanning the image screen having regulation of screen potential at anode potential, e.g. iconoscope
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104—Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02367—Substrates
    • H01L21/0237—Materials
    • H01L21/02425—Conductive materials, e.g. metallic silicides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104—Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
    • H01L21/02521—Materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104—Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02612—Formation types
    • H01L21/02617—Deposition types
    • H01L21/02631—Physical deposition at reduced pressure, e.g. MBE, sputtering, evaporation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
    • H01L21/06—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising selenium or tellurium in uncombined form other than as impurities in semiconductor bodies of other materials
    • H01L21/10—Preliminary treatment of the selenium or tellurium, its application to the foundation plate, or the subsequent treatment of the combination

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improvements in photoconductive material and to improved apparatus including this material.
  • the invention is based on the discoverythat the variety of selenium evaporated and then deposited in vacuo on a cool surfacehas excellent .photoconductiv .properties, together withshigh dark resistivity. Improvedapparatus utilizing this form of selenium, which is redin color,as the light sensitive part of a photo.- conductive element has been provided asa result. The results -.of exhaustive tests appear 'to agree with previously published work that the .selenium thus "deposited is substantially all amorphous rather than crystalline and that if any crystalline selenium is present, it is of the red monoclinic variety and is present in very small amounts.
  • the element, selenium, is known to exist in several difierent allotropic forms, two of which are crystalline, and another of which is amorphous.
  • One of the crystalline-forms has a gray, metallic appearance while the other is a red colored, monoclinic variety.
  • the amorphous (non-crystalline) form is alsored in color.
  • Both of the crystalline forms have previously been known to be photoconductive and the gray form, especially, hasbeen commonly used in photocells and other apparatus employing photosensitive electrodes.
  • the amorphous variety is also photoconductive and that it has many advantageous characteristics.
  • Greatly improved apparatus, such as television pick-up tubes may be made, utilizing the red amorphous variety of selenium for the photosensitive target.
  • One object of the invention is to provide an improved light sensitive cell.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an .2 improved target electrode 'for television pick-up tubes.
  • Another objector the invention is to provide an improved television pick-up-tube.
  • Another object of the invention is toprovide a television pick-up tube having improved sensitivity.
  • A'iurther object of the present invention is to provide an improved television pick-up tube having greatersimplicity of construction.
  • Stillanother' object of the present invention is to provide an improved television 'pick-up-tube having greater simplicity oi operation.
  • amorphous selenium can be prepared from any one of theother allotropic forms by evaporating a quantity-of theelement in a Vacuum and condensing the vapor on a cool surface.
  • the surface must be .kept .at a temperature substantially below Cgandpreferablybelow 50 C., since the'amorphous selenium changes to the crystalline variety at temperaturesoifiE-BO" C.
  • Fig. 1 is a'perspective view, partially cut away, of 1 a photocell which illustrates one embodiment of thepresent invention
  • Fig. 2 is a similar view of another type of photocell, illustrating a second embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 3 is an elevationviempartially in section and partially diagrammatic of a television 7 pickup tube; employing electron .optics' of. the orthicon type andillustratingaxthird embodiment of the invention,
  • 'F1g.'4 is a diagrammatic view of :a television pick-dip tube employing electron optics of the iconoscope type, illustrating .a fourth embodiment of the invention.
  • Figm5 is a diasrammaticview of a pick-up tube using flying spot scanning and. illustrating a fifth embodiment of the invention.
  • Lead wires ill-and L2 may be connected to themetal plate '6 and the top metallic coating 8, respectively.
  • the selenium layer is..formed, as previously indicated, by evaporating a quantity of the element in a vacuum and depositing it on the metalrplate which should be maintained preferably at room temperature or lower, although it may be permitted to rise somewhat higher in temperature.
  • the metal plate 6 and the metallic coating 8 serve as electrodes, by means of which a circuit is established through the photoconductive layer 4.
  • a battery, or ether source of direct current, may furnish energy for the circuit, which may include other components such as a current meter l4.
  • Both the metal plate and the metal coating of the above described embodiment may be of aluminum, although various other metals may also be used.
  • FIG. 2 Another typical embodiment of an improved photocell l6, utilizing the novel photoconductive material disclosed herein, is illustrated in Fig. 2.
  • This embodiment comprises a backing plate I8 of insulating material, such as glass or mica.
  • a thin, light-transmitting layer of a conductive material which may consist of a metal such as aluminum.
  • a layer of amorphous selenium 22 is deposited (by the method previously described) on the metal coating 26 and a second metallic layer 24 is then deposited over the selenium.
  • Leads 26 and 28 are connected to the metal layers 20 and 24, respectively.
  • This cell may be connected in a circuit in the same manner as photocell 2.
  • amorphous selenium in a photosensitive cell, such as described above, is the fact that this form of selenium has been found to have higher dark resistivity than other forms. This results in a much lower dark current and a higher ratio between the current reading in the light and-that in darkness.
  • amorphous selenium in a photocell has less lag, in its response to changes in light intensity, than has been found for other forms of selenium.
  • the tube 30 may comprise an evacuated glass cylinder having side wall 32, an end34 serving as a base through which various leads enter the tube, and another end wall 36 through which the light rays enter from the scene being viewed.
  • the interior of the side wall 32 is provided with a conducting medium 38, which maybe either a conductive coating or a metal cylinder.
  • the interior of the viewing end 36 is provided with a transparent signal plate 40, upon which a coating 42 of amorphous-selenium is deposited.
  • the transparent signal plate may comprise a light-transmitting coating of metal or, preferably, a transparent coating of conductive'material such as stannic oxide deposited by methods well known in the art.
  • the selenium is preferably deposited by placing a small quantity of the element in a small side arm 43, sealed to the side wall 32 and having an open passage leading to the interior of the larger cylindrical tube, and then, with the tube under vacuum, heating the small side arm and all parts of the cylindrical tube except the signal plate, to a temperature high enough to evaporate the selenium.
  • the selenium will distill out of the side arm and most of it will deposit only on the relatively cool signal plate 40 as a thin, uniform coating. Enough selenium is used to provide a coating, preferably about 0.1 mil in thickness, but this is not critical. As in the previously described embodiments of the invention, the surface upon which the selenium is being deposited should preferably be kept at a temperature below 50 C.
  • the tube 3!! is also provided with the necessary, well known components needed to produce a beam of electrons and to control this beam so that it may be scanned across the seleniumcoated target.
  • a cathode source of electrons 44 adjacent the base, are positioned a cathode source of electrons 44, a grid 45 surrounding the cathode, and a positively charged accelerating electrode 46 in the form of a metal cylinder surrounding and extending beyond the grid.
  • the forward end of the accelerating electrode is provided with a defining aperture 48.
  • the grid 45 is connected to a source of negative potential (not shown) through a conductor 41.
  • the accelerating electrode 45 is connected to a source of positive potential (not shown), by means of a conductor 50.
  • the wall coating 38 serves as a focusing electrode and it is also connected to a suitable source of positive potential (not shown) through a conductor 52.
  • the tube is also provided with a ring electrode 54 adjacent the selenium coated signal plate. This ring electrode is a decelerating electrode and aids the focusing around the edges of the signal plate.
  • Means for controlling the scanning and focusing of the electron beam are provided outside the tube 30. These may comprise the usual deflection yoke coils 56 positioned along the exterior of the side wall 32 about half way between the cathode 44 and the selenium target 42, and focusing coils 58 positioned outside the yoke coils. Smaller alignment coils 60 may also be placed adjacent the tube walls for the purpose of compensating for mechanical misalignment of the electron gun or target.
  • the use of the improved electron beam target of the present invention permits greatly improved operation of the tube, characterized by extreme simplicity of operation and control.
  • Either high or low velocity scanning may be used.
  • the cathode may be operated at ground potential and the grid may be operated at 25 v.
  • the accelerating electrode 46 surrounding the electron gun may be connected to a source of 300 v. positive potential,.while the focusing electrode 38, extending concentric with the path of the electron beam, may be connected to a source of 200 v. positive potential.
  • a small positive voltage of say 5 to 10 volts, is applied to the signal plate 4!), as from a source of potential, which comprises a battery 62 and a resistance 64.
  • the voltage selected may be varied by moving a slider, and a load resistor 66 may be included in the circuit.
  • the signal plate may also be directly connected to an amplifier (not shown) through a blocking capacitor 68. 1
  • the operation'i-s-as follows.
  • the electron beam is focused on the selenium-coated signal plate'and caused to scan-it'repeatedly,as-a picture is focused 'on the viewin'g end wall-363by means of an opticalsystem'indicatedat1'0.
  • -l3e-- fore light is :directed 'on the plate, :the selenium target, inthe dark, is an'i-nsulator andthe electron beam'quickly chargesthescanned sidedown to cathode potential.
  • the --conductivity of "the selenium is increa'sedj-thus causing the scanned surface of the target to charge gradually :positive I during the frametim e.
  • the scanning be'am deposits electrons in proporti'on ito the 'liglit' intensity, returning the scanned surface to zero potential.
  • the tube is op'erated, using high :velocity scanning, "the :signal 'plate :may .be ih'eld either positive or negative with respect to th'e wall potential, thus generating: awideot signal :of'ateither polarity.
  • Fig.4 illustrates a typical tube of the iconoscope type.
  • Thistype of tubei may include a glass envelope l2,ah'aving a conductive signal plate 14, carrying a coating Jt-of-amorphous selenium, deposited as previously described in connection with the orthicon type tube.
  • the signal plate is connected to a source of negative potential la'throughia:lcadmesistor 8Q.
  • The-video signal is (also taken from the signal plate by means of a conductor '32.
  • the video signal lead maybe'connected to an "amplifier (not (shown) through a coupling capacitor 84.
  • a collector electrodeflt which may '-be in *the form of a metal ring, -is*provi ded between the coated signal plate 14 and the viewing window 88 of the tube through which the light rays enter to impinge on .theselenium surface.
  • Su'itable elements are also provided for scanning the selenium target'with a'fo'cused' beam of electrons. These elements may include a source 'of electrons in vth'einrm of a cathode "93, which is provided'with'a heater :92, :Agriddd surrounds the cathode.
  • the grid is providedwith an aperture 96 through which electrons from the cathode an are projected toward the signal plate.
  • Concentric with the axis of the tube is an accelerating electrode 98, having an entrance aperture I00 and an exit aperture H12. Near the exit aperture is positioned a focusing electrode Hi4.
  • the heated cathode may be maintained at a potential of about 1U00 v. and the grid 94 may be maintained at about 1025 v.
  • the accelerating electrode 98 is grounded, while the focusing electrode I04 is kept at about 800 v.
  • the si gnal :plate :14 may be operatedat' a potential-of about 1'5'v.
  • This spot is scanned "across the itarget 'surfa'ee by .operation of defie'ction "yoke a'coils SlBtposit-ioned around the outside :of the ifbarrelnf the tube.
  • the pick-up tube H0 of this system maycomprise an evacuated envelope us, within which is the light sensitive screen H 2 and a collecting electrode 22.
  • the -tube-envelcpe may be 'made up of aeylindrical side .wall I 24, a transparent viewing window !26 adapted to vface the scene being televisedgand a transparent scanning win- 'dow Hi8, adapted to facethe flying spotscanner.
  • the screen -I i2 may include a Very thin plate 1-35 of a semi-conducting :inaterial havinga resistivity of about 10 ohms-cm. This plate should preferably be less than vl vmicronin thick:- ness.
  • this plate facing the viewing window of the tube is provided with a coating of amorphous selenium i132, which they also be about 1 micron-inithickness. Theselenium coa ing is then covered with. a light-transparent film of'metal [34 which is connected to .-a source of low negative potential, preferably of the order of 15 volts.
  • vTheother side-of thesemi-conductor plate [33, facing the flying spot scanner, is provided 'with a .mosaic 136 of a photo-emitting substance. This may be silver oxide and caesium.
  • the collecting electrode i22 is preferablyinthe form of a coating of conductive material on the interior of the scanning window .iZB facing the dying spot scanner.
  • The-conductive coating may be stannic oxide or a metal.
  • This collecting electrode is connected to ground through "a load resistor'lSB'an'd is providedwith'a lead 49 through which the video'signal is conducted to'an amplifier (not shown) through a coupling capacitor I42.
  • the selenium coating When light strikes the selenium coating, the selenium conducts and is charged negatively from the source of negative potential connected to the metal film I34. Current conducted through the semi-conductor I30 charges the photoemitting surface I36 negatively. The flying spot, striking the negatively charged photo-emitter causes electrons to be emitted and to travel to the collecting electrode I22. Emission of electrons from the photo-emitter would soon leave it charged to a degree preventing further emission, but more light striking the selenium coating causes more negative current to flow and brings the photoemitter back to a negative potential.
  • Variations in the current appearing on the collecting electrode I22 result in the production of a video signal.
  • any metal or conductive substance may be used which does not react unfavorably with the selenium.
  • the metals found to produce especially good results are gold, platinum, aluminum, beryllium, sputtered palladium and silver.
  • the use of one of these metals, compared with the use of a conductive metal, such as stannic oxide, offers the advantage of varying the spectral response characteristics of the cell.
  • the combination of selenium and stannic oxide produces a cell having considerably better response in the blue end of the spectrum than in the red end. But when certain of the metals are used as signal plate electrodes, response to light in the red wavelengths is improved without decreasing response in the blue wavelengths. The response varies with the metal used.
  • a light sensitive cell comprising a layer of selenium which is substantially completely of the red, amorphous variety, and two electrodes in contact with said layer.
  • a light sensitive cell comprising a layer of selenium which is substantially completely of the red, amorphous variety, a source of current, and means for connecting said layer of selenium in circuit with said source of current.
  • a cell according to claim 2 in which said source of current comprises means for generating a beam of electrons.
  • a target electrode for a television pick-up tube comprising a conductive signal plate and a layer of red, amorphous selenium, said selenium layer being in intimate surface contact with said plate.
  • a television pick-up system including means for generating a beam of energy, a target electrode, means for scanning a surface of said target electrode with said beam, said target electrode including a conductive signal plate and, in intimate surface contact with said signal plate, a layer of red, amorphous selenium.
  • a television pick-up tube including an evacuated envelope, means for generating an electron beam, a target electrode, means for scanning a surface of said electrode with said beam, said target electrode comprising a conductive signal plate and, in intimate surface contact with said signal plate, a layer of red, amorphous selenium.
  • a television pickup tube comprising, means including an electron gun for forming an electron beam along a path, a target electrode mounted transversely to said beam path, said target electrode including a support plate member, a film of conductive material on the surface of said support plate facing said electron gun, and a thin film of red amorphous selenium deposited over the surface of said conductive film.
  • An electron discharge device for producing electrical signals comprising, means including an electron gun for forming and directing an electron beam along a path, said electron gun means including a source of electrons and a plurality of electrodes, a target electrode including a transparent support plate member mounted transversely to said beam path, a thin light-transmissive conductive film on the surface of said support plate facing said electron gun, a film of red amor phous selenium formed on the surface of said conductive film, and lead means for connecting to said conductive film and said gun electrodes for joining them to sources of operating potential.
  • An electron discharge device for producing electrical signals comprising, a transparent support member, a thin conductive light transmitting film on a surface of said support member, a film of red amorphous selenium on the exposed surface of said conductive film, means for charging the surface of said selenium film in varying amounts to form a charge pattern thereon corresponding to an optical image, and means including a scanning device for discharging the selenium surface.
  • a signal generating device including a target electrode comprising a thin sheet of semiconducting glass, a thin film of red amorphous selenium on one surface of said glass sheet, a light-transmitting conductive film on the exposed surface of said red amorphous selenium film, a photoemissive mosaic film on the opposite surface of said glass sheet, and means including a scanning device for causing an electron discharge from said mosaic film.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Image-Pickup Tubes, Image-Amplification Tubes, And Storage Tubes (AREA)
  • Common Detailed Techniques For Electron Tubes Or Discharge Tubes (AREA)
US78687A 1949-02-28 1949-02-28 Photoelectric apparatus Expired - Lifetime US2654853A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US78687A US2654853A (en) 1949-02-28 1949-02-28 Photoelectric apparatus
FR1014390D FR1014390A (fr) 1949-02-28 1950-02-17 élément sensible à la lumière
GB4974/50A GB672052A (en) 1949-02-28 1950-02-27 Light sensitive element
DER1676A DE821092C (de) 1949-02-28 1950-05-07 Lichtempfindliches Element

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US78687A US2654853A (en) 1949-02-28 1949-02-28 Photoelectric apparatus

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US2654853A true US2654853A (en) 1953-10-06

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US78687A Expired - Lifetime US2654853A (en) 1949-02-28 1949-02-28 Photoelectric apparatus

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US (1) US2654853A (de)
DE (1) DE821092C (de)
FR (1) FR1014390A (de)
GB (1) GB672052A (de)

Cited By (31)

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US2753278A (en) * 1951-04-14 1956-07-03 Haloid Co Method for the production of a xerographic plate
US2804396A (en) * 1952-08-19 1957-08-27 Battelle Development Corp Process of preparing an X-ray sensitive member
US2833675A (en) * 1953-10-01 1958-05-06 Rca Corp Method of imparting red response to a photoconductive target for a pickup tube
US2856541A (en) * 1952-02-06 1958-10-14 Gen Electric Semiconducting device
US2862126A (en) * 1953-08-28 1958-11-25 Zeiss Ikon Ag Radiation sensitive semi-conductive layer of amorphous selenium
US2863087A (en) * 1952-05-27 1958-12-02 Csf Photo-conductive electron discharge tube
US2869024A (en) * 1953-05-13 1959-01-13 Philips Corp Television pick-up tube
US2873398A (en) * 1956-01-04 1959-02-10 Munsey E Crost Direct viewing moving target indicator cathode-ray storage tube
US2884541A (en) * 1955-10-10 1959-04-28 Rca Corp Electroluminescent image device
US2888513A (en) * 1954-02-26 1959-05-26 Westinghouse Electric Corp Image reproduction system
US2890359A (en) * 1953-06-13 1959-06-09 Philips Corp Camera tube
US2901348A (en) * 1953-03-17 1959-08-25 Haloid Xerox Inc Radiation sensitive photoconductive member
US2911562A (en) * 1957-09-20 1959-11-03 Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc Television camera circuits
US2944155A (en) * 1957-01-30 1960-07-05 Horizons Inc Television pickup tube
US2945973A (en) * 1957-07-18 1960-07-19 Westinghouse Electric Corp Image device
US2951898A (en) * 1953-05-25 1960-09-06 Gen Electric Iconoscope
US2962375A (en) * 1956-05-02 1960-11-29 Haloid Xerox Inc Color xerography
US2963365A (en) * 1956-02-16 1960-12-06 Rca Corp Electrostatic printing
US2966612A (en) * 1957-06-06 1960-12-27 Horizons Inc Radiation detection
US2970906A (en) * 1955-08-05 1961-02-07 Haloid Xerox Inc Xerographic plate and a process of copy-making
US2972691A (en) * 1952-08-06 1961-02-21 Leitz Ernst Gmbh Photocathode for photocells, photoelectric quadrupler and the like
US3003869A (en) * 1957-02-11 1961-10-10 Xerox Corp Xerographic plate of high quantum efficiency
US3005914A (en) * 1957-09-24 1961-10-24 Feldman William Infrared detecting system
US3051860A (en) * 1957-11-27 1962-08-28 Ass Elect Ind Manchester Ltd Image scanner for electron microscopes
US3054917A (en) * 1956-12-03 1962-09-18 Itt Heat imaging device
US3123737A (en) * 1964-03-03 schneeberger
US3331979A (en) * 1962-09-24 1967-07-18 Gen Electric X-radiation-to-electrical signal transducer
US3622315A (en) * 1968-11-14 1971-11-23 Ibm Photoerasable scan converter
US3647286A (en) * 1969-02-10 1972-03-07 John H Delorme Jr Reproduction apparatus using photovoltaic material
US3984722A (en) * 1973-05-21 1976-10-05 Hitachi, Ltd. Photoconductive target of an image pickup tube and method for manufacturing the same
US20050151862A1 (en) * 2004-01-13 2005-07-14 Lalumandier Monroe A. Method and apparatus for repairing a vidicon camera

Families Citing this family (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE976590C (de) * 1955-07-23 1963-12-05 Max Grundig Schaltungsanordnung mit einer den inneren fotoelektrischen Effekt nutzenden Bildaufnahmeroehre
GB892927A (en) * 1959-08-04 1962-04-04 English Electric Valve Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to television camera tubes
US3310700A (en) * 1964-05-28 1967-03-21 Rca Corp Photoconductive device incorporating stabilizing layers on the face of the selenium layer
JPS5522783B1 (de) * 1967-08-29 1980-06-19

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US1807056A (en) * 1928-11-06 1931-05-26 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Light sensitive element
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US2150980A (en) * 1935-02-09 1939-03-21 Emi Ltd Electron discharge device

Cited By (32)

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US3123737A (en) * 1964-03-03 schneeberger
US2753278A (en) * 1951-04-14 1956-07-03 Haloid Co Method for the production of a xerographic plate
US2856541A (en) * 1952-02-06 1958-10-14 Gen Electric Semiconducting device
US2863087A (en) * 1952-05-27 1958-12-02 Csf Photo-conductive electron discharge tube
US2972691A (en) * 1952-08-06 1961-02-21 Leitz Ernst Gmbh Photocathode for photocells, photoelectric quadrupler and the like
US2804396A (en) * 1952-08-19 1957-08-27 Battelle Development Corp Process of preparing an X-ray sensitive member
US2901348A (en) * 1953-03-17 1959-08-25 Haloid Xerox Inc Radiation sensitive photoconductive member
US2869024A (en) * 1953-05-13 1959-01-13 Philips Corp Television pick-up tube
US2951898A (en) * 1953-05-25 1960-09-06 Gen Electric Iconoscope
US2890359A (en) * 1953-06-13 1959-06-09 Philips Corp Camera tube
US2862126A (en) * 1953-08-28 1958-11-25 Zeiss Ikon Ag Radiation sensitive semi-conductive layer of amorphous selenium
US2833675A (en) * 1953-10-01 1958-05-06 Rca Corp Method of imparting red response to a photoconductive target for a pickup tube
US2888513A (en) * 1954-02-26 1959-05-26 Westinghouse Electric Corp Image reproduction system
US2970906A (en) * 1955-08-05 1961-02-07 Haloid Xerox Inc Xerographic plate and a process of copy-making
US2884541A (en) * 1955-10-10 1959-04-28 Rca Corp Electroluminescent image device
US2873398A (en) * 1956-01-04 1959-02-10 Munsey E Crost Direct viewing moving target indicator cathode-ray storage tube
US2963365A (en) * 1956-02-16 1960-12-06 Rca Corp Electrostatic printing
US2962375A (en) * 1956-05-02 1960-11-29 Haloid Xerox Inc Color xerography
US3054917A (en) * 1956-12-03 1962-09-18 Itt Heat imaging device
US2944155A (en) * 1957-01-30 1960-07-05 Horizons Inc Television pickup tube
US3003869A (en) * 1957-02-11 1961-10-10 Xerox Corp Xerographic plate of high quantum efficiency
US2966612A (en) * 1957-06-06 1960-12-27 Horizons Inc Radiation detection
US2945973A (en) * 1957-07-18 1960-07-19 Westinghouse Electric Corp Image device
US2911562A (en) * 1957-09-20 1959-11-03 Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc Television camera circuits
US3005914A (en) * 1957-09-24 1961-10-24 Feldman William Infrared detecting system
US3051860A (en) * 1957-11-27 1962-08-28 Ass Elect Ind Manchester Ltd Image scanner for electron microscopes
US3331979A (en) * 1962-09-24 1967-07-18 Gen Electric X-radiation-to-electrical signal transducer
US3622315A (en) * 1968-11-14 1971-11-23 Ibm Photoerasable scan converter
US3647286A (en) * 1969-02-10 1972-03-07 John H Delorme Jr Reproduction apparatus using photovoltaic material
US3984722A (en) * 1973-05-21 1976-10-05 Hitachi, Ltd. Photoconductive target of an image pickup tube and method for manufacturing the same
US20050151862A1 (en) * 2004-01-13 2005-07-14 Lalumandier Monroe A. Method and apparatus for repairing a vidicon camera
US7330210B2 (en) * 2004-01-13 2008-02-12 Boeing Co Method and apparatus for repairing a vidicon camera

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1014390A (fr) 1952-08-13
GB672052A (en) 1952-05-14
DE821092C (de) 1951-11-15

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