US2650643A - Sealing mechanism for wrapping machines - Google Patents

Description

Sept L N953 A. R. FUCHS SEALING MECHANISM FOR WRAPPINGMACHINES 7 Sheets-Sheet l Filed April 3, 1948 A. R. FUCHS SEALI'NG MECHANISM FOR WRAPPING MACHINES 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed April 3., 1948 'NENTR Sept. 1, 1953 A. R. FUCHS sEALING MECHANISM FOR WRAPPING MACHINES 7 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed April 3, 1948 INVENTOR Sept. l, 1953 A. R. FUCHS SEALING MECHANISM FOR WRAPPING MACHINES 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed April 3, 1948 INENTOR l f A. JR. VsALNG MECHANISM FOR WRAPPING MACHINES FUCHS Sept l, w53- 7 sheets-sheet 5 Filed April 3, 194s 3 Mnmma27a-@ PMM Sept., L 1953 'A. R. FUCHS 255509643 SEALING MECHANISM FOR WRAPPING MACHINES Filed April 5, 1948 7 Sheets-Sheet 6 97 fai INVENTOR ,65 7 Sheets-Sheet 7 A.y R. FUCHS SEALING MECHANISM FOR WRAPPING MACHINES SMI, 1, 1953 Filed .April 3, 1948 Patented Slept'. 1195-3Y UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE SEALING MECHANISM FOR WRAPPING MACHINES Alfred R. Fuchs, Kansas City, Mo.

Application April 3, 1948, Serial No. 18,745

24 Claims. l

My invention relates to wrapping machines, and more particularly to a sealing mechanism for wrapping machines.

In machines for wrapping and sealing packages, such as packages of bread, in which a parafn paper or similar wrapper is sealed by application of heat thereto, followed by cooling thereof in some manner, difficulty has been experienced with sealing the packages eifectively without the use of expensive cooling equipment to refrigerate the seals of the packages to a low temperature. This has been largely due to the fact that either the conveying means, that was utilized for carrying the wrapped bread from the means for wrapping the same and applying heat to the wrappers thereof to melt the paraiiin used for sealing the packages, was of such a character that it produced no cooling whatsoever of the seals of the packages, or that the cooling means that was used was slidably engaged by the wrapped packages so that there was relative sliding movement between the engaging surface of the wrapped package and the cooling member, or members, which would tend to disarrange the folded and overlapped layers of paraiiin paper forming the closure means oi the package, unless a very low temperature was provided at the surface of the cooling means, such as would instantaneously cool the paramn, or similar material, forming the sealing means. In fact, it has been necessary to produce such a low temperature to avoid sticking of the packages to stationary cooling members, that ice, or frost, had to be formed on these, which would make these stationary sealing members have a surface that was of a character that there would be very little friction existing between the package and these stationary members, to thus avoid the adherence of the sheet material oi the wrapping to the stationary means as it moved along the same and prevent a disarrangement or partial unwrapping of the package due to sticking of the package to the cooling members.

In the case of the conveying means ordinarily utilized for carrying the wrapped bread from the hot sealing plates to the conveyor, or other means, transporting the same to the point of packing the sealed packages in suitable boxes, or containers, this conveying means has ordinarily been made in such a way that it either moved the bread forcibly from a surface that was stationary, or else the conveying means was of a belt-like, or similar character, that merely held the package closed while the seals were expected to cool, and was of such a character that 2 it conveyed little or no heat away from the packages and contacted the same part of the package throughout its travel on the conveying means.

It is the principal purpose of my invention to avoid the difficulties and objections existing in either the use of the conveying means above referred to. or the refrigerated cooling means that is necessary to form ice or frost on cooling plates, or other stationary cooling members, by providing combined heat conducting and dissipating, and conveying means for the wrapped packages, thus eliminating much expensive equipment, and at the same time providing heat conducting means that successively engage the surface of the packages that have to be cooled, so that these heat conducting means engage any given area of the package that must be cooled one after another, to thus each conduct some of the heat in the package away from the package to dissipate the same through heat conducting bodies of relatively large mass, such as the metallic framework of the machine, or other heat dissipating means that can be provided especially for that purpose.

Under ordinary temperature conditions, in places in which the wrapping machines would be located, such as in bakeries, it is only necessary to utilize the framework of the machine and of the conveying means-to dissipate the heat, so that it will be carried away from the packages sufficiently that these will seal without any danger of becoming unwrapped upon passing through the conveying means. In instances where extremely high temperatures are encountered, due to climatic conditions, or due to local conditions in the room in which the machine may be located, cooling means can be utilized for transferring the heat from the package contacting members to said cooling means, and while it is necessary in the case of stationary sealing plates, to utilize direct expansion refrigerating means to cool the packages, only a cool liquid, such as ordinary tap water obtained from the usual city water system, is necessary even where high temperatures are encountered in the room in which the wrapping machine is located, in my improved apparatus, to cool the members that contact the package suiiiciently to thoroughly seal the package and keep it sealed.

This is due to the fact that a large number of rotatable cooling members of heat conducting material are ordinarily utilized in carrying out my invention, to withdraw the heat from the seals of the packages, vsaid rotatable cooling members being so mounted and engaging with the packages in such a way that the contacting surfaces of the heat conducting members and the packages are always moving at substantially the same speed, and thus a different surface of the heat conducting member is constantly engaging the package, and different heat conducting members successively engage the same part of the surface of the package. Thus there is no rubbing or brushing action exerted by the package on engaging the cooling members, such as tends to disarrange the package, and furthermore the successive cooling members act as cool pressure rollers, or sealing rollers, that exert a rolling sealing pressure on the seals of the packages that is only suflicient to press the seals together properly, without exerting any undue pressure on the contents of the package.

My invention also contemplates the use of heating devices for the seals, of a similar character to the cooling devices above referred to, the sealing means comprising heated rollers instead of stationary heating plates, asis now customary, with which the seals of the packages successively engage to seal the packages, thus making it possible to convey the packages through the sealing means at a constant rate of speed with a continuous forward movement, instead of a step by step, or intermittent movement, as is now customary.

Furthermore my invention contemplates the use not only of solid heat conducting rollers engaging the packages in a manner that the contacting surfaces of the rollers and the packages move at substantially the same speed, but also ff such rcllers contacting the packages in this manner that have cooling means within the same, such as a cooling liquid of the character above referred to. Of course, if desired, it is possible to cut down the number of the rotating cooling members to a very small number and eliminate most of the conveyor, if these rotating cooling members are cooled by direct expansion refrigerating means, but from an economy standpoint, this would not be particularly desirable, as it would require the use of refrigerating apparatus, although it would produce a better seal, without the necessity of maintaining frost on the rollers, than would be possible with plates that had frost, or ice, thereon, because of the fact that the contacting faces of the package and the rollerswould be always moving at the same speed and there would be no relative sliding movement of the same that might disarrange or open up the seal, or seals, of the package.

in a most general aspect, my invention comprises a plurality of rollers of heat conducting material and means for moving wrapped packages in heat transfer relation to said rollers, whether the heat is transferred from the rollers to the packages or from the packages to the rollers, and, preferably, for packages, such as wrapped bread, the rollers comprise two series of rollers that rotate about substantially vertical axes, and a series of rollers that rotate about horizontal axes, contacting the packages, preferably, simultaneously.

The rollers, in the simplest embodiment of the invention, are merely mounted to rotate on xed axes, although it is necessary, because of the different lengths of loaves of bread that are wrapped, to provide adjustment of the rollers rotating on vertical axes toward and away from each other, and also it is desirable to provide yielding means for urging the rollers that are arranged to rotate on vertical axes toward the package to exert a slight spring pressure on the package and on the seals to provide a sealing contact between the different layers of the paraii'in paper, or other heat sealing sheet material, ordinarily used for wrapping packages, such as bread, at least one set of rollers rotating on vertical axes thus not having the axes actually entirely fixed, but having a slight yielding movement for this purpose.

My invention also contemplates the use of a plurality of rollers that are interconnected, so that the same are mounted to rotate about axes that constantly change, the entire series of rollers being carried along in a similar manner to a belt or chain conveyor, so that half of the rollers are always out of contact with the bread packages, or similar packages, and substantially half thereof are in heat transfer relation to a heat dissipating or cooling means, so that the rollers will be constantlyv cooled and cool rollers presented to the packages to contact therewith, the conveying means being so arranged that the coolest rollers will engage the packages when the same are the hottest. However, the series of rollers will successively engage the packages as the same move along with the conveying means, and the conveying means is moved as a whole by the packages, and not the packages by the conveying means.

If desired, means can be utilized engaging the packages to move the same along into engagement with the successive rollers in any form of the apparatus referred to, but in the simplest form of apparatus, it has been found to be desirable to utilize the action of gravity on the pack.- ages to carry .the same forward in contact with the successive rollers, thus requiring no additional power or mechanism, except the rollers themselves, to both convey the packages to a desired point and to cool the same.

Other objects and advantages of my invention will appear as the description of the accompanying drawings proceeds. I desire to have it understood, however, that I do not intend to limit myself to the particular details shown or described. except as defined inthe claims.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a top plan view of my improved sealing means, a portion of the wrapping machine to which my invention has been applied being also shown.

2- is a side elevational view of the form of the invention shown in Fig. 1, showing a fragment of the wrapping machine.

Fig, 3 isa section of my sealing means taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. l, showing a wrappedl loaf of bread in position, the rollers being partly in elevation.

Fig. 4 isa diagramma-tic view partly in elevation and partly in section', showing the means for holding the packages in contact with the rollers that rotate on the horizontal axes.

Fig. 5 is a detail view in end elevationv of one of the movable fra-mes shown in Fig. l.

Fig. 6 is a vertical sectional viewy partly' broken away, of a modi-fied form of invention.

7 is a fragmentary sectional view of afurther incdicaticn of my invention.

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view of a further modification, the vertical rollers being omitted.

Fig. 9. is` a fragmentary vertical sectional View of a still further modification.

Fig. l0 isl a fragmentary top plan view yof the form of the invention shown in Fig. 8.

Fig. 11 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view of the form of the invention shown in Fig. 9.

Fig. 12 is a top plan view of one of the sprocket wheels for the conveyor shown in Fig. 10.

Fig. 13 is a side elevational view of said sprocket member.

Fig. 14 is a fragmentary top plan view of a further modiiication of the invention. Fig. 15 is a fragmentary view partly in elevation and partly in vertical section of one of the vertical heating rollers utilized in the form of the invention shown in Fig. 14, and

Fig. 16 is a view similar to Fig. 15 of the horizontal heating rollers utilized in the form of the invention shown in Fig. l5.

Referring in detail to the drawings, in Figs. 1 and 2 is shown a fragmentary portion of a wrapping machine of a well known conventional form, showing a plurality of packages in the form of loaves of wrapped bread 20 thereon, which have been carried by means of a conveyor having the side chains 2|, and pusher members 22 thereon, into engagement with suitable vertically extending heating plates 23 and a horizontally extending heating plate 24, which are mounted on the wrapping machine in any suitable manner, the plates 23 being adjustable relative to each other to vary thespacing between the same by means of the adjusting means indicated generally by the numeral 25. `Cine of the wrapped packages, or wrapped loaves of bread, 2li shown on the machine, in Fig. 1, is not yet in engagement with the heating plates 23 and 24, and serves to push the loaves of bread, or other wrapped packages 2t, that are in engagement with the heating plates in a step by step action over the heating plates and out of Contact therewith as successive loaves 20 move into position from the left in Fig. l, the loaves moving out of engagement with the heating plates at the right hand end of the wrapping machine.

The conveying means may be of any desired character, but is shown as being of a type in which the pusher members 22 are so mounted that the same swing from a vertical to a horif zontal position after the same reach the right hand end of the conveyor, passing out of engagement with each loaf of bread, or other package, that has been wrapped by the machine as the wrapped loaves, or packages, approach the heating plates 23 and 24, so that the loaves are only moved by the conveyor continuously until the same reach a position in engagement with the heating plates 23 and 24, and remain in position on these heating plates until a succeedf ing wrapped loaf, or package, is brought up by the next pusher member 22. The loaves thus have an intermittent movement, step by step, while in contact with the heater plates, being stationary in Contact with said heater plates for intervals determined by the intervals between the pushing movements exerted by the succeeding loaves of bread being brought up by the conveyor having the pusher members 22. The loaves are thus discharged from the heating means, thus provided, at regular intervals after being in contact with said heater members definite periods of time.

A very high heat is utilized, ordinarily, for melting the paraffin coating on the sheet material that is used to wrap the bread, or to heat any other sheet material that can be caused to adhere together by means of application of heat thereto. As a result the entire wrapping of the package is very hot when it leaves the wrapping machine,

6.. and as the congealing of the paran with the layers of sheet material in contact with each other is necessary to seal the package, improper sealing of the package and disarrangement of the' sealing portions of the package will take place after the same leaves the wrapping machine, unless the parain, or similar material, with which the sheet is impregnated, or coated, is cooled sufficiently to cause the plies that form the seal to be sealed to each other before any extensive handling of the package, or other action thereon, that might disarrange or break open the seals, takes place.

While sometimes the surrounding atmosphere in the room in which the wrapping machine is located is sufficient to produce this sealing, if the plies are merely held together by any suitable means, such as conveying means, carrying the packages away from the wrapping machine, it has been found necessary under hot weather conditions in many localities to provide refrigerated plates having frost thereon for cooling the packages, to accomplish this sealing action before the seals might become disarranged and become ineffective. One of the defects existing in both the heating plates and such cooling plates is that there is a relative sliding movement between the contacting portions of the package and the plates, which, of course, has a tendency to brush the plies of sheet material forming the wrapping, in such a manner as to be moved out of their folded and overlapped position. The character ci the contents of the package resists this to a certain extent, and while the heating plates are lubricated to some extent by the paraffin that is constantly being melted thereon, that comes oir the paraffin paper wrapping that is heated by the plates, the cooling plates have a tendency to cause the packages to adhere thereto, unless these are also lubricated, and the only lubricating means, or friction reducing means that has been successfully used for this purpose has been frost or ice, which slickens the surface of the plates so that the packages will slide thereover without being disarranged to any appreciable extent. However, the provision of such cooling plates involves a great amount of expense and much additional equipment that would not otherwise be necessary in a wrapping machine.

The sealing, in my improvement on a wrapping machine, is accomplished by cooling the packages without sliding the same over or in contact with cooling plates, or other stationary cooling members. By utilizing a rolling contact between the cooling members and the packages, both on the ends and on the bottom thereof, all necessity for any lubricating means is avoided, and as the actual cooling of the packages to cause the parafn, for example, to congeal to seal the packages, does not require any temperature below the ordinary atmospheric temperature, a lower temperature being only necessary because oi the sliding contact between the packages and the cooling members in apparatus now in use, all expensive refrigerating apparatus can be eliminated. My cooling apparatus constitutes combined cooling and conveying means and. is utilized to carry the wrapped packages from the wrapping machine to conveying means ordinarily provided in bakeries, for carrying the wrapped bread to packing or loading stations.

Said apparatus comprises a frame of any desired character, but being shown as having longitudinally extending frame members 26, which' are connected by transversely extending frame: members 21 at opposite ends thereof to form a rectangular bottom frame for the device, said longitudinally extendingframe members 26 being mounted at one end thereof on adjustable legs 28 and at the other end thereof on hingelike members 2S that are mounted on a portion of the frame 3G of the wrapping machine. Preferab-ly, the legs 28 are so adjusted that thefframe members 2S decline from the wrapping machine to the conveying apparatus 3|, upon which the packages are discharged to be carried away to suitable loading or packing stations, for a purpose to be described below. The stationary framework of the cooling and conveying means further comprises vertically extending frame members, or standards, 32 and 33,A which are connected by means of' horizontally extending upper transverse frame members 34 and. 35. The frame members 34 are, preferably, made in the form of angles, butv the frame member 35 may be merely a bar-like member.

Mounted on the transversely extending top members 35 of the frameV are rollers 36, which are carried by transverse members 3l provided on end members 38 of a pair of longitudinally extending frames having the longitudinally extending top frame members 39 and the longitudinally extending bottom members 40 con-.- necting the frame members 38, the members 40 being detachably mounted on the members 33 and the members 3e being, preferably, made integral with the members 38, any suitable means for detachably connecting the members 38 and being provided, such as the bolts fit passing through ears ce' on said members 40. The members S9 and 40 are, preferably, provided with spaced aligning bearings of a suitable character, for the roller members 2 of heat conducting material. Said rollers 42 are shown in the drawings as being provided with a ball bearing mounting on the lower longitudinal frame members 4Q, and an ordinary anti-friction bearing mounting on the upper longitudinal frame members 3Q, said rollers, preferably, having depending integral centering projections 33 thereon that are mounted in the sockets 44, but do not extend to the bottoms of said sockets, and suitable races being provided for the bearing balls 45 in the bottom end portions of the rollers 42 and in said members 4S, to provide a ball thrustbearing for said rollers i2 at their lower ends. The members 3Q are shown as being provided with bearing sockets IE that receive the reduced upper ends Z6 of the rollers 42, and a sleeve-like member of anti-friction material 41 being provided between the reduced end it and the wall of the socket lii.

One of the frames above described is, preferably, fixed in position by means of a bracket member ed that connects the lower longitudinal member de of said frame with the vertically extending frame member 33. The frame members are made substantially identical, as far as the mounting of the end members on the transverse frame members 3f.' is concerned, because it is desirable to standardize the parts, and it maybe desirable to adjust both frames instead of only one to adjust the spacing of the one set of rollers 42 from the other set. The other frame member 39 is provided with an upwardly projecting housing 5U, which is provided with a channel 50' therein forming a passage that has an end wall 5I, which a stop comprising a washer fixed on a screw 53 is adapted to engage. The screw 53 engages an internally threaded opening in a bracket member 54 mounted on the one vertical frame member 33 and is provided with any suitable means ior turning the same, such as the crank 55.

It will loe-obvious that by turning the screw by means of the handle 55 the stop 52 can be adiusted in its position to limit the movement of the member 39v having the housing 40 thereon toward the member 39 on the other side of the device. Said stop member 52 is, preferably, so adjusted that the distance between the opposed rollers 42 at their nearest points will be slightly lessk than the length of the wrapped loaf of bread, orpackage. but not so much less that the loaf will be unduly compressed in passing between therollers when in such position that the stop 52 is engaged by the wall 5| on the housing 50 provided on the member 39. It is desirable that ayielding pressure of the rollers on the ends of the packages be exerted, to get the most satisfactory sealing and cooling action of the rollers 42. This can be obtained in any desired manner, one means of accomplishing this being the relatively weak coil tension springs 56, which connect the transverse members 3l of the longitudinally extending frames carrying the rollers 42 at opposite ends of the device. Due to the provi-sion of the springs 5G, the longitudinally extending frame that is provided with the ad- `instable stop member 52 is held in position with said stop member 52 in engagement with the end wall 5i provided on the frame until a wrapped package, or wrapped loaf of bread, engages the rollers, whereupon the bread `forces the rollers apart, thus providing a close contact between both sets of rollers and the loaves of bread, but without unduly compressing and damaging the fresh loaves, this being particularly important in connection with sliced bread. Obviously both frames can be made adjustable instead of only one, if this is found to be preferable.

The longitudinally extending frame members 26 are made in the form of angles, as will be evident from Fig. 3, and each. has a bar-like member 51 secured thereto by welding, or in any other similar manner, said bar-like member being provided with sockets 58 that align with openings 59 in theY member 26, a bearing sleeve 6i) being mounted in each of said openings and extending into said sockets, in which are mounted roller bearings 6l that support the reduced end portions 62 of the rollers 63' that are" made of heat conducting material. The bottomsY of the packages engage the rollers 63, as will be obvious from Fig. 4, and the transverse frame members 34 and 35 have links 64 and 65 pivotally connected therewith, respectively, and pivotally connected with abar-like member E6, which may be pivotally connected with a similar bar-like member 66' by means of a link 6l, said bar-like member 65' being frequently provided for engagement with the tops of the loaves of bread, or other packages, passing through the wrapping machine, and the bar like member 6 engaging the tops of the loaves of bread, or packages 20, that engage the rollers 63 of the conveying and cooling device that I have provided. The Wrapped loaves of bread, or packages, are thus held in intimate engagement with the successive rollersl 63 that the same engage, and in intimate engagement with the successive rollers 42 that the same engage.

Due to the' provision of anti-friction bearings for the rollers-shown in the drawings, said rollers B3 and 42 will rotate very readily upon engagement of the wrapped packages therewith, and due to the downward inclination of the inembers 26 away from the wrapping machine toward the conveyor 3|, there will be little if any pushing action of one loaf of bread on another necessary to cause the loaves to move over the roller members 63 and into successive engagement with the roller members 42, after the same pass from the heating plates of the wrapping machine. The angle of the members 26 is, preferably, so adjusted that the tendency will be for the loaves to travel by gravity down the inclination of the roller conveyor thus provided. Due to this tendency there will be no tendency for the bread to become compressed because of the pushing' action of one loaf of bread on another in moving through the cooling and conveying apparatus I have provided. While the loaves may move by gravity through the entire cooling and conveying means after once being entirely positioned thereon, it is not desirable to have the members 26 at such a steep inclination that the loaves will move rapidly through the cooling and conveying apparatus, as it is desirable that each succeeding roller 42 and each succeeding roller 63 have long enough contact with each of the packages that it will extract considerable heat therefrom.

The rate of travel down the inclined conveying means can be controlled so as to maintain the wrapped packages in substantially side by side relation on the rollers, by adjustment of the inclination of the rollers 26 and the braking action exerted by the member 66.

Instead of merely relying upon the dissipation of heat through the mass of metal constituting the rollers and the frame of the machine, means may be provided for cooling the rollers, as shown in Fig. 6. The frame members are provided with longitudinally extending members |38 and |49 which correspond to the members 38 and 48 described in connection with Figs. 1 to 5, inclusive, and the vertically extending members |38, which correspond substantially to the members 38 of the previously described frames. |38 may be similarly mounted as are the frame members 38 shown in Figs. l to 5, inclusive, on the frame members 34, and may be adjusted in a similar manner to that described in the form of the invention shown in Figs. l to 5, inclusive.

Each of the rollers |42 is mounted similarly to the rollers 42 shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, but instead of being solid, said rollers are each, preferably, provided with a longitudinal passage 18 therein for a cooling medium. Any suitable means may be provided for feeding the cooling medium into said passages and passing the same out of the same at the lower ends thereof. In the drawings, a flexible tubular member 1i is shown, which has a coupling 12 thereon for connecting the same with a nipple 13 extending upwardly from the longitudinally extending conduit 14, which is provided with branch conduits 15, which extend into the passages 18. A suitable anti-friction bearing sleeve 16 may be provided on each of the tubular members 15 to provide for ready rotation of the rollers 142 relative to the branches 15 of said conduit 14. A discharge passage 11 is provided at the bottom end of each of said rollers |42, in which a nipple 16 is mounted that extends into one of the liquid passages 16 provided in the member $48. rihe rollers |42 are mounted in a similar manner to the rollers 42 on. the ball bearings 45.

Mounted below the member |40 is a pan-like Said frames Cil member 80, into which the liquid passing from the discharge passages 19 passes. Said pan-like member is, preferably, provided with an overflow pipe 8| to maintain a predetermined level of liquid therein so that the rollers 63, which are the same as described in connection with Figs. 1 to 5, inclusive, will be partially immersed in the liquid 82 that collects in said pan-like member, said liquid discharging onto the rollers at the ends thereof from the passages 13 to pass into the pan-like member 88. The nipples 18 are freely rotatably mounted in the openings 19 and are, preferably, made of anti-friction metal. It will be obvious that the cooling liquid will pass in through the inlet tube 1| and be discharged by means of the longitudinally extending conduit 14 to the interior of the various rollers |42, iiowing downwardly through the passages 18 from which the liquid will be discharged into the pan and from that will pass outwardly through the discharge conduit 8l. The liquid can be either cooled and recirculated, as would be the case with ice water or brine, or merely tap water could be utilized, which would cool the rollers to the desired extent. Any small amount of moisture that would be on the faces of the rollers that would contact the wrapped packages would not be harmful, as the same would quickly evaporate off the packages and would aid in cooling the seals thereof.

Instead of providing the rollers 63, as shown in Fig. 6, rollers |63 can be provided to cooperate with the rollers |42, as shown in Fig. '7, the rollers |42 being supplied with the cooling liquid in the same manner as previously described in connection with Fig. 6, and being mounted in the same manner as previously described. The rollers |63 are mounted in the frame members |26, which are the same as the frame members 26, previously described, except that the bar-like members |51, which are similar to the members 51, previously described, are provided with openings therein, into which the tubular members or nipples 83 of any anti-friction metal extend. It is, of course, to be understood that a similar mounting is provided at both ends of the rollers |63. The tubular member 83 is, preferably, made of anti-friction metal and each tubular member is connected with the longitudinally extending conduit 84, which is similar to the conduit 14, the tubular members 83 constituting branches of said conduit 64. The conduit 84 is supplied with cooling liquid through a flexible tubular member B5 connected by means of a coupling 86, with a nipple 81 that extends to said tubular member 84, said tubular members 14 and 84 thus constituting manifolds for supplying the liquid to the rollers |42 and |63. Any suitable means can be provided for collecting and carrying away the liquid from the tubular members |63, the liquid passing out of the discharge passages 19 from the rollers |42, preferably, passing into a panlike member 88, from which a discharge pipe 89 extends. The liquid passing from the rollers 242 will, of course, engage the outer surface of the rollers |63 when passing through the passages 18, but there will be little, if any, of the liquid thus discharged come in contact with the package, because of the fact that the portions of the rollers |63 that engage the wrapped package 2li will not be in alignment with the passages 16. If the cooling liquid used is brine or ice water, suitable means may be provided for recirculating the same and for cooling the same. If the cooling liquid is merely tap water, which 1l' is ordinarily sufficient for cooling rollers' such as are providedl herein.. the' water collected" in the' panA 88- andlpassing. throughthe' rollers |63' can" be discharged'- and not re-u'sed;l g

Inithe forms ofthe inventiondescrlhed'-ab'ove' the rollers all'. rotate about xe'd ax'e's; This is' not necessary, however, andit' is sometimes de'- sirable to rotate the rollers about. aXesthat constantly travel.l Such an arrangement is shown in-Figs.- 8 and- 10,. the rollers 263-", which are the same in constructionasthe rollers 63, beingsolid, preferably, are connected together by' means' of links 90 at the opposite ends thereof forming a'l roller conveyor in which the rollers travel or roll in aV continuous series over a. plate' 9| of' conducting. material underlying the same',.the' pack'-y ages 2li resting on said rollers' 2`6'3 in a similar manner to that' in which the same rest orf thev rollers 63. No other guiding means'for the rollers 253 need' be provided, as' the links 9U will' hold' the same. in parallelism and the' endl walls=92` of` the plate-like member 9| will" act as` guiding means. to maintainv the' chain-like series oi" rollers" in proper alignment with' each other and with' theremainder of the' conveying means, so as tor properly cooperate therewith. The rollers 263 being made of metal or similar conducting mate-` rial`,.will absorb heat'from'the's'eals ofthepackages 2D, andV will transfer" the' heat tothe heavy" metal plate 9|, which isconnected` in' any suit'- able manner with tlie` frame of the machine, so that'the heat will' be* dissipated throughoutth'e machine, said rollers being thus gradually' cooled asthe' same-roll' over'the' plate' 9|. Furthermore the rollers will b'e" traveling', without rota-ting; in the air' on the' underside of th'eplate" 9| to' befurther cooled', only part of' the rollers being'in contact with packages' at onetime; at least hal'ff thereof being out o'f contact'with said packagesat all times. The' links 9U' are; of course; con-v nected with. th'e rollers 263 by' means of pivot' members 93, provided' on" said rollers 263,v any suitable bearing structure to reduce frlbtion being provided asmay'b'e desirable.

The vertically extending rollers 242I correspond'- tov the" rollers 42, but are connected, together tofor'm a continuously conr'iectedv chain' or' linked series of said' rollers', by' means of' the links 94| operating' over guide'v wheels', whichv may be re'- erred' to' as sprocket'wheels"95;.said rollers each engaging' in one of thep'artly' cylindricalrecess'es Sli provided in said. sprocket wheels tol support the' same and guide the saine in their movements as the same travel" in a continuous connected series along with the packages thatpass between the two' oppositely arranged series of said rollers' 242, said rollers being, of course; arranged at opposite ends of the package in the same manner asthe rollersv 42, andmounted` on frame membersv that are similar to those carryingthe rollers 42, sol that sai-d series of rollers will be adjustable toward and away from' each other and will yieldin'gl'y press toward eachother to exert a good contact on the wrapped loaf of bread or otherl package passing along between the same. Said rollers' willy travel in the" same direction as the wrapped' loaves of bread or other packages traveling along' on the' rollers 2:63, rolling along on a heavy metallic guide plate 239; serving both as a longitudinal frame member andk as' a guide rail for said rollers, having a' lip or harige 243 thereon, along the bottom edge thereof with which' the' bottom ends ofthe rollers 242 engagea AIs'upp'orting rail or plateA 91 is also provided: for the chain-like series` o1" connect@ rollers; being' supported" from the frame' memberv 239v by me'ansof the brackets 9F.

Thes'pr'ocket'wheels- 95 are, preferably, mount-A ed' on suitable bearing' brackets' S9', provided on' the: frameimem'bers-Z'BQ; rotating freely in bearingsv in' saidZ brackets, the sprocket members $15 having' stub' shaft portions lo@ projecting downwardlyv therefrom into-*the lower hearing bracket, whichk may have a roundedj end' |01 to facilitate assembly of said shaft in saidf bearing, while the' upperend' portion ofeach of said" sprockets Sehas' a stub" shaft |752' projecting therefrom, which is provided with al sleeve oranti-friction metal |03; that is' mounted? in the bearing |04' provided on The particularmounting' oft'he' sprocket mem-V bers 'i`snot' of importance tothe invention, except'that theseshouldbe mounted' to rotate freely aboutaries-p'ara'llel to the axes of` rotation ofthe roller.' members 2142. As the rollers 242 will con'- t'act' the' plate-like members 239' constitut'ing4r the adjustable frame members corresponding to the framesfmade up oftlie members- |"38T, i 5S and: l 4t! in the form oftheinvention shown in Figs. l to- 5; inclusive', substantially' the whole of thet time that the sameare in'v engagement' with ther seals of'V the packages passing between the opposed sets of rollers 242, the heat of the seals willl be transferred to said rollers 2421 and. from said' rollers to the' plate-lilel members' 239; and from these t'oI the' fram'eof' the machine'. The heat'f'rom theY seals will` thus? be' dissipated through the mass of metal thus' provided, to maintain the temperature of the rollers and of the seals such' that the same will' be' cooledx sufli'cic'nt'ly to' maintainA the same sealed and' prevent any disarrangem'ent' thereof,-which'might otherwise occur'.

If it" should be .found to be impossibleY to7 dissipate' suflici'ent of' the' heat through the frame of the machine bythe arrangement' of' the inventionshown in Figs; 8 and lo, the construction' shown' Figs: 9 and? 1'll can' be' used, in which.

insteadof the-heavy metallicr plate-like members 9`|` and 239) means isprovidedfor cooling thev rollers 242-" and 263i comprising liquid cooled wal-ls with which said rollers have" rolling Contact', in a similar'manner to that in which the same con'- tact' the solid metallic' walls' of the plate-like members 915 and 239:. Such walls' may be made ber' |954 adjacent'4 each set` of rollers 242', said chan'iber1 being made' up` of a guide" plate ist', as shown. inl Fig'. Il, having the lip' lo? thereon, with which theV rollers 242 engage to guide thesame, and having longitudinalflanges H38A thereon', with which the flanges |09l of a similar plate |'|0` engage to clamp' the compressible packing material therebetween when the fastening elements |2 are tightened up', each of said members |06 and Hi), ot course, having similarly langedlend wallsthat close the ends of the chamber. IIlhus` a liquid chamber M15-is provided for cooling the'wall |6, with which the rollers. 242 engage` atfeach side of the machine, and obviously said member |06` and H0 that form: said Water chambers can constitute movable frame members corresponding' to the frames in the form of the' invention shown in Figs'. l to 5, inclusive, made' up'v of the members |38, |39 and |40. Any su'itable meansl for supplying the cooling' liquid to the chambers |05 may be provided, the inlet pipe ||`3 only being sh'ownlin'v Fig.. l1. ofthe drawings. However, it' will' be obvious' that by suitable hose or flexible pipe: connections. liquid. can be circulated lengthwise of the chamber |65, or vertically thereof, as may be preferred.

The rollers 263 can be similarly cooled by means of rolling contact with the top surface of a platelike member lli cooperating with a similar platelike member H having, respectively, the anges H6 and lil thereon, clamping between them the compressible gasket member IB when the fastening elements |i9 are tightened up to provide a liquid chamber 23 therebetween. The housing made up of the flanged members IM and H5 can be supplied with cooling liquid in any suitable manner, as through inlet and outlet pipes, the inlet pipe |2| only being shown in the drawings, these being disposed in such a manner as to obtain iiow of liquid lengthwise of the chamber |253 or in any other manner desired. While the liquid that would be ordinarily used, and would ordinarily be satisfactory for cooling the plate-like members |96 and H4, would be ordinary tap water, brine or ice water can be utilized, and any suitable means can be utilized for cooling said brine or ice water and for circulating it between the cooling means and the cooling liquid chambers |95 and |29.

In Figs. 14, l5 and 16 my invention is shown as being applied to both the means for heating and for cooling the seals to obtain the sealing action of the wrappers made of paran-ln paper, or similar material, that will seal wrapped packages by first contacting the paper that has been properly folded to enclose the package with heating means and then with cooling means. The cooling means shown is the same as that shown in Figs. l. to 5, inclusive, in that it includes the solid vertically extending rollers 42 and the solid horizontally extending rollers 63, the rollers 42 being mounted on the frame members having the longitudinally extending members 39 and 49, such as previously described, which may be adjustable toward and away from each other by adjustment of the headed pins |22 carried by said frame members 99 in the slots |23 provided in the transversely extending frame member 34', which corresponds to the frame member 34. Instead of providing the pusher members that leave the packages before the same reach the cooling apparatus, as shown in Figs. 1 to 5, inclusive, the pusher members 22, which are mounted between the sprocket chains 2|, engage the individual wrapped loaves or packages 29, until the same reach approximately the end of the cooling apparatus made up of the rollers Li2 and 63, as will be obvious from Fig. 14, the sprocket chains being driven by means of the shaft |24, which is driven in any suitable manner from the main drive shaft or the wrapping machine. It will be noted that the lower set of pusher members 22 are in vertical position to push the packages 20 toward the right in Fig. 14 in spaced relation to each other, and that the upper pusher members 22 have moved to the horizontal position that these ordinarily assume in wrapping machines of this character during their travel back to the point where the same first engage with said packages after the wrapping material has been wrapped around the same and'folded. The conveyor thus provided, made up of the sprocket chains 2| and pusher members 22, will thus continuously move the packages 2li from left to right, as viewed in Fig. 14, irst in engagement with the heating apparatus, which will be described below, and then in engagement with the cooling apparatus, causing rotation of each roller l2 and of each roller 63 as the packages are gradually moved along by the conveying means into engagement with successive rollers.

The heating apparatus for the folded wrapping material enclosing the loaves of bread or similar articles, that are to be Wrapped in sealed packages, preferably, comprises a series of freely rotatable horizontal and vertical rollers |21 and |28, respectively. Said rollers are mounted in a similar manner to the rollers 63 and 42. The rollers |28 beingrotatably mounted in the frame members 339 and 340, corresponding to the frame members 39 and 4i! for the cooling rollers and, preferably, forming extensions thereof, and the rollers |21 being mounted in the frame members 326 in a similar manner to that in which the rollers 63 are mounted in the frame members 26, said frame members 326, preferably, constituting extensions of the frame members 26, the frame members 26 and 326, and the frame members 339 and 39, and frame members 34|) and 49, being, preferably, rigidly connected together to form a continuous frame member from the heating means to the end of the cooling means of the mechanism shown in Fig. 14. Means is provided for heating the rollers |21 and |28, comprising electrical heating elements |29 and |39, respectively. Said electrical heating elements are mounted in spaced relation to the walls of the rollers |21 and |28, and electrical insulating material can be provided between said heating elements and the walls of the rollers |21 and |28, if this is found to be desirable.

Each of the rollers |26 is provided with a ring-like contact member ISI, with which the conductor |32 leading to the heating elements is connected by means of branches |33, said ringlike members |3| being insulated from the rollers |26 `and the stub shafts on the ends thereof, but being electrically connected with one end of the heating element |39 in a well known manner. The other end of each of the heating elements |38 is similarly connected with a conducting ring |3|, which is engaged in a similar manner by means of a brush with a conductor to complete the circuit through the heating element. The heating elements |29 are similarly provided with conducting rings |5| engaged by the brushes |52 leading from the conductors |53, said conducting sleeves |5| being insulated from the rollers |21 and the stub shafts thereon, and similar rings l5 l are connected with the opposite ends of each of the heating elements |29 and are contacted by brushes similar to the brush |52 to complete the circuit to conductors leading to the other side of the circuit from that from which the conductors |53 extend. Suitable insulating housings |54 and |55 may be provided to enclose the electrical connections. Also any well known thermostatic means may be provided for controlling the temperature of the rollers |21 and |28.

It will be obvious that the electrically heated rollers |21 and |28 will engage the folded parain paper or similar material, and that the paraiiin will become substantially liquid, or the material will at least become tacky, under such heated condition, as the wrapped packages, wrapped in such parafn paper, or similar material, will be moved from left to right from the wrapping mechanism toward the cooling mechanism, and that each set of heated rollers will be successively contacted by the folded wrapping material. This will cause such heating of the paran that it will become substantially liquefied or the wrapper will be in a tacky condition, depending upon t the; fornr of. Wrapping4 material utilized, and as each heated roller will have a rollingv contact Withf. thewrappedipackage, there 1 is Ynopossibility whatsoever: of;v tliei seals becoming dis arranged by engagement with'. the heating means,r as is. possiblewherestationary heated platesare used, and a; conveyor,` similar to. that shown, movesl theV packages. into. contact withY said plates so that the. ends andbottoms thereof are slid along the heated plates.

While; only' small number ofheatingrollers are: shown, obviously any, desired numberl can be; utilized to. get. the proper. heating, effectl onr thawalls of the packages. to cause the material that produces the sealing` action to be` raised. to: atemperature so;v as toreach a state that'adherence; of.' the. layersV of- Wrappingy material to each other vfillgtake. place, due to. the combined: action oith'e heating andthe cooling means. There is:

no: necessityv for: halting the movement.' of the packagessas thegsamemove into engagement with tli'eheatingrmeans, as *is the; case with the platelike members, but if such; a halting in. engage-v ment with the. heating means is desired, the conveyor can bearranged inthe usual manner and theiloaves pushed one'at atime into engagement with the rollers.v However, as the rollers Will have substantially line contact With the packageathis is notipreferred, butV a continuous rollinglorironing action on the packages that are being: wrapped. and sealed is preferred, such as can be obtained With the' heated rollers, with a continuouslyI moving Wrapped package, such as will be. the case in the preferred arrangement of the. conveying means, such as shown in Fig. 14. A- much longer contact of the heating means with the. packages-can be maintained WhereV the heat.- ingr means is in 'the form of rollers, than Where the heating" means is inv the formV of plate-like members, dueto the fact that in order to preventdisarrangement of the seals by the :dat platelike; members, the packages must be moved into contact therewith, left stationary in such contacting position, and then moved quickly away therefrom, Without having such plates form too long. a. slideway, as it is desirable to reduce the sliding contact between the plates and packages as much as. possible to prevent disarrangement of the Wrapping, material from its properly folded position.

In both thefcooling means in the Various forms of my invention and the heating means in' Figs. 14; to: 16,. the contact; between the. packages and the-heating or cooling meansis a rolling contact, which avoids all relative sliding movement of the surfaces oi' the packages and members with which the same contact, that would in any manner disarrange theV folded Wrapping material of thepackage. Furthermore the cooling is accomplished in all forms ofv the invention by transfer of' heatfrom thev package to the. rollers by conduction and is then dissipated by4 conduction from: the rollers, either by the same rolling over members of large mass to dissipate the heat, or through the frame of the machine through the bearings for therollers, or by a cooling medium with which the rollers come in direct contact, or which passes therethrough, or by contacting Walls that are cooled by said cooling medium, by a rolling action over said Walls;

What Il claim is:

l. In a Wrapping machine, sealing means comprising. heating means, means engaging each Wrapped package With saidheating means,

spacedn rotatable. heat conducting members ar-4 ranged in a plurality of series, heaty dissipatingy means in heat conducting; relation with said heat conductingl members, said series. being ar-v ranged so that rollers in a plurality of said series engagesaid packages simultaneously, andmeans.

ormaking rolling contactbetween said package` and each of said heat conducting members: of-

each series in succession,A and with a pluralityy said machine, the. contacting surfacesv of said heat conducting members and said packages moving at substantially the same speedy in the same direction.

3. In a wrapping machinezsealing means comprising heating and cooling means with which; the Wrapped packages engage successively, said cooling means. comprising a plurality of series of movable heat conducting members of largemass, the member of each series being arranged in closely spaced side by side relation and means for moving Wrapped packages from engagement with said heating means along said plurality of' series of members and successively into heat conducting engagement with a plurality of the members of' each series,` saidv series being ar-v ranged so that members of a plurality thereof are in simultaneous engagement with each package.

4. In a Wrapping machine sealing means comprising heating and cooling means with which the Wrapped packages engage successively, said cooling means comprising a multiplicity of closely adjacent movable heat extracting members arranged in a plurality of rows, and means for engagingv Wrapped packages with said heat extracting members of each row in succession, said rovvsincluding heat extracting conveying members supporting said packages.

5. In a machine of the character described, a plurality of closely spaced rollers of heat conducting materal mounted to freely rotate about horizontal axes and a plurality of closely spaced rollers of heat conducting material mounted to freely rotate about substantiallyvertical axes.

6. In a machine of the character described, a plurality of closely spaced solid rollers of heat conducting material mounted to freely' rotate about horizontal axes and a plurality of closely spaced solid rollers of heat conducting material mounted to freely rotate above said first mentioned rollers about substantially vertical axes, and means for moving Wrapped packages into simultaneous rolling heat transfer contact relation to the heat conducting material of a plurality of said rollers rotating about said vertical axes and a plurality of said rollers rotating about said horizontal axes.

7. In a machine of the character described, a plurality of rollers of heat conducting material mounted to rotate about horizontal axes and a plurality of rollers of heat conducting material mounted to rotate about substantially vertical axes, certain of said rollers having heating'means therein.

8. In a machine of the character described, a plurality of rollers of heat conducting material mounted. to rotate. about. horizontal axes and a plurality of rollers of heat conducting material mounted t0.- rotateA about substantially vertical 17 aires, certain of said rollers having cooling means therein.

9. In a machine of the character described, a plurality of closely adjacent rollers of heat conducting material mounted to rotate about horizontal axes and a plurality of closely adjacent rollers of heat conducting material mounted to rotate above said rst mentioned rollers about substantially vertical axes, means for moving wrapped packages into heat transfer relation to said rollers and means for holding said packages in simultaneous engagement with a plurality of the rollers rotating about said horizontal axes.

10. In a machine of the character described, a plurality of closely adjacent rollers of heat conducting material mounted side by side to rotate about horizontal axes, a plurality of closely adjacent rollers of lheat conducting material mounted side by lside to rotate about substantially vertical axes, said last mentioned rollers being mounted in spaced rows above the tops of said rst mentioned rollers, and means yieldingly urging the rollers of one row for limited movement toward the rollers of the other row.

l1. In a machine of the character described, a plurality of solid rollers of heat conducting material mounted in side by side relation to rotate about horizontal axes, a plurality of solid rollers of heat conducting material mounted in side by side relation to rotate about substantially vertical axes, said last mentioned rollers being mounted in spaced rows above said rst mentioned rollers, and means foradjusting the spacing of said rows of rollers.

12. In a machine of the character described, a plurality of rollers of heat conducting material mounted in a row-in side by side relation to rotate about horizontal axes and a plurality of rollers of heat conducting material mounted in a row in side by side relation to rotate above said rst mentioned rollers about substantially vertical axes, and means for moving wrapped packages into heat transfer relation to said rollers and into contacting engagement with successive rollers by gravity.

13. In a machine of the character described, a plurality of rollers of heat conducting material mounted to rotate about horizontal axes, a plurality of rollers of heat conducting material mounted to rotate about substantially vertical axes and means for passing a, cooling medium through said rollers.

14. In a Wrapping machine, sealing means comprising a plurality of rotatable cooling members, means for su-ccessively engaging sealed wrapped packages therewith to progressively cool the seals thereof, heat dissipating means comprising a heat conducting member of large mass mounted in heat conducting relation to the frame of said sealing means, and means for successively engaging said cooling members with said heat conducting member.

15. In a Wrapping machine, sealing means comprising a plurality of rotatable cooling members, means for successively engaging sealed Wrapped packages therewith to progressively cool the seals thereof, heat dissipating means cornprising a heat conducting member having means for receiving cooling medium therein, and means for successively engaging said cooling members with said heat conducting member.

16. In a machine of the character described, a plurality of rollers of heat conducting material mounted to rotate about horizontal axes and a plurality of rollers of heat conducting material mounted to rotate about substantially vertical axes, said rollers being arranged in endless series and each roller being mounted on a movable axis.

17. In a machine of the character described, a plurality of rollers of heat conducting material mounted to rotate about horizontal axes and a plurality of rollers of heat conducting material mounted to rotate about substantially vertical axes, said rollers being arranged in endless series, means connecting the rollers of each series to move the axes of the rollers of each series ln unison in a fixed path, heat conducting members with which the rollers of each set successively engage,` and means for moving Wrapped packages successively into engagement with said rollers. l

18. In a Wrapping machine, sealing means comprising a plurality of heat extracting rollers of heat conducting material mounted to rotate about parallel horizontal axes arranged in a continuous series in close adjacency to support a wrapped package by a plurality thereof at closely adjacent points simultaneously, said series beingof a length to successively engage said package with and support said package by a continuously ries being of a length to successively engage said package with and support said package by acontinuou'sly changing' grouping of rollers as said4 package is moved along said series, and two parallel series of heat extracting rollers mounted above the rollers of said first series, said series being spaced from each other longitudinally of said first mentioned rollers and each of said parallel series comprising a, plurality of rollers of heat conducting material mounted to rotate about parallel vertical axes and being in close adjacency to each other to engage a wrapped package with a plurality of rollers of each of said last mentioned series at closely adjacent points simultaneously, each of said last mentioned series being of a length to successively engage said package with a continuously changing grouping of the rollers of each thereof as said package is moved along said last mentioned series.

20. In a wrapping machine, sealing means comprising a row of heat extracting rollers of heat conducting material lying side by side and mounted to rotate about parallel horizontal axes arranged in a continuous series to support a wrapped package by a plurality thereof at closely adjacent points simultaneously, said series being of a length to successively engage said package with and support said package by a continuously changing grouping of rollers as said package is moved along said row.

21. In a wrapping machine, sealing means comprising a row of heat extracting rollers of heat conducting material lying side by side and mounted to rotate about parallel horizontal axes arranged in a continuous series to support a Wrapped package by a plurality thereof at closely adjacent points simultaneously, said series being of a. length to successively engage said package with and support said package by a continuously 19 changing grouping of rollers as said package is moved along said row, and two parallel rows of heat extracting rollers, the rollers of each row lying side by side in a continuous series and both rows being mounted above the rollers of said first row, said parallel rows being spaced from each other longitudinally of said rst mentioned rollers and each of said parallel series comprising a plurality of rollers of heat conducting material mounted to rotate about parallel vertical axes, said package engaging with a plurality of rollers of each of said last mentioned series at closely adjacent points simultaneously, each of said last mentioned series being of a length to successively engage said package with a continuously changing grouping of the rollers of each thereof as said package is moved along said rows.

22.1n a wrapping machine, sealing means comprising a plurality of rotatable coolingmembers of heat conducting material, said cooling members being arranged in a plurality of rows and the members of each row being in side by side relation, said rows being-positioned so that rollers in a plurality of said rows engage said packages simultaneously, and means for successively engaging sealed packages with the heat conducting surfaces of the members of each row.

23. In a wrapping machine, sealing means comprising a plurality of rotatable cooling members of heat conducting material, saidV cooling members being arranged in a plurality of rows and the members of each, row being in side by side adjacency, said rows being*` positionedl so that rollers in a plurality of said rowsengrage said packages simultaneously and the rollers of one of said rows support; and convey said packages, and means for successively engaging sealed packages with the heat conducting surfaces of the members of each row.

24. In a wrapping machine, sealing means comprising a plurality of rotatable cooling members of heat conducting material, said cooling members being arranged in a plurality of rows and the members of each row being in side by side adjacency, said rows being positioned so that a plurality of rollers in a plurality of said rows engage said packages simultaneously and the rollers of one of said rows support and conveyl said packages, and means for successively engaging sealed packages with the heat conducting surfaces of the members of each row.

ALFRED R. FUCHS.

References Cited in the file 0f this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,066,193 Ferguson July 1, 1913 1,094,451 Martin Apr. 28, 1914 1,105,256 Castro July 28, 1914 1,422,300 Pape July 1l, 1922 1,655,634 Sevigne Jan.vl0, 1928 1,953,195 Smith et al. Apr. 3', 1934 2,049,876 Sticelber Aug. 4, 1936 2,080,834 Petskeyes May 18, 1,937 2,114,833 Fincke Apr. 19, 1938 2,133,339 Baxter Oct. 18, 1938 2,133,343 Ferenci Oct. 18, 1938 2,420,763 Wells May 20, 1947 FOREIGN' PATENTS 'n Number Country Date 368,709 Great Britain Mar. 3, 1932

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