US2646408A - Cottonseed meal glues of low alkalinity - Google Patents

Cottonseed meal glues of low alkalinity Download PDF

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US2646408A
US2646408A US224439A US22443951A US2646408A US 2646408 A US2646408 A US 2646408A US 224439 A US224439 A US 224439A US 22443951 A US22443951 A US 22443951A US 2646408 A US2646408 A US 2646408A
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meal
urea
glues
cottonseed meal
formaldehyde
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US224439A
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Jr Jett C Arthur
Joseph T Hogan
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US Department of Agriculture USDA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G12/00—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen
    • C08G12/02—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen of aldehydes
    • C08G12/40—Chemically modified polycondensates

Definitions

  • the seedmeal is generally pulverizedto a'lour-like consistency and .suspended ordispersedina ratiorof from ⁇ r about L 20ste .flopartsof meal in 100' parts of Aa sodium hydroxide andlime'solution containingthe ad- ','jditives yandhaving a pI-lof at leastabout,12. ⁇
  • V vAnother preferred class"of compositionsr provided by the invention consists of theV glues so produced from cottonseed meals which] have been vde-oiled in any manner' which leaves a meal containing atleast 70%, Ysoluble nitrogen as determined by suspending 2.5 grams sequently the utilization .of cottonseed meal glues has heretoiorebeen'. limited vto vthe bonding of 1 v dark-colored woods and veneers in spite of their advantageously strong and resistant joints and low cost.A
  • a -Apreferredmethod of producing the glues vprovided by the invention consists of dispersing ⁇ the seed meal in an aqueous solution containing urea, allowing the protein to react with the urea,
  • the process can be conducted at temperaturesl ranging from ⁇ 0to 100 C. but itV can be emciently vand economically conducted at substantially room temperature (20 to 40,C.)., and the employment of such temperature is, of course, preferred.
  • the time vrequired for the protein to react with the urea of course varies with the particuto or greater than that of urea-formaldehyde glues, can be produced.
  • the glues so produced having a pI-I of less than 8 (less than the pH' of E lar cottonseed'meal used, the amount of meal used, the extent to which it is pulverized, and the temperature of therea-c'tion.
  • the conventional additives such as carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, silicates, borates, alums, and the like which improve water resistance and/or spreadability can be incorporated in the suspension.
  • the formaldehyde can be added in any of its conventionally employed forms, but is preferably added in the form of an aqueous solution.
  • the amount of formaldehyde can be varied from 0.5 to 1 part per part of urea.
  • Particularly suitable glues have been produced by adding an amount of formaldehyde ⁇ about equal to the amount of urea, in the form of an aqueous solution.
  • the glues provided by the process of this invention can suitably be applied and used in the conventional hot or cold pressing operations.
  • the viscosity of the glues prepared by the process of the invention will vary depending upon the concentration of meal, urea and formaldehyde and the time they are allowed to stand as Well as upon the particular cottonseed meal used.
  • the low alkaline cottonseed meal glue was used to bond Wood veneer with minimum alkali staining to yield plywood having dry and wet shear strengths of about 282 and 153 pounds per square inch, respectively.
  • EXAMPLE 2 One hundred parts of oil-free cottonseed meal were mixed with 200 parts of urea and 200 parts of water at 25 C. for 1k hour. Then 270 parts of 37 percent formaldehyde solution were slowly added to the urea-cottonseed meal reaction product. After one hour, the viscosity of the cottonseed meal glue was 218 poises, and the pH of the glue was 7.8.
  • the low alkaline cottonseed meal glue was used to bond wood veneer with minimum alkali staining to yield plywood having dry and wet shear strengths of about 300 and 166 pounds per square inch, respectively.
  • EXAMPLE 34 One hundred parts of oil-free cottonseed meal were mixed with 200 parts of urea and 133 parts of Water at 25 C.Y for 1/2 hour.v Then 400 parts of 37 percent formaldehyde solution were slowly added to the urea-cottonseed meal reaction product. After one hour, the viscosity of the cottonseed meal glue was 225 poises, and the pH of the glue was 7.8.
  • the low alkaline cottonseed meal glue was used to bond wood veneer with minimum alkali staining to yield plywood having dry and Wet shear strengths of about 266 and 140 pounds per square inch, respectively.
  • EXAMPLE 4 El'ect of urea-formaldehyde solvent for cottonseed meal and processing conditions on the shear strengths of glue iointsl Pressing ConvSh n ear Strength spready tions Solids Viscosity lbs/1,000 f 7 Glue Composltwn Percent (1 lsemg 5&1?" ne pH Dry, wood Wet, Wood D t Y comp Het; Failure Failure p. s. i. p. s. i. (lha/sq. (lbs/sq.
  • a process for the production of a cottonseed meal glue which comprises: reacting cottonseed meal with urea by suspending an oil-free cottonseed meal in an aqueous solution containing from about 1 to 2 parts urea and from about 1 to 2 parts Water per part of meal and maintaining Vthe suspension at from about 20 to 40 C. for from about 20 to 40 minutes;l and reacting the .reaction product so produced with formaldehydel byV mixing it with formaldehyde in the form of an aqueous solution introducing from about 0.3 to 0.5. parts formaldehyde and from about 1 to 1.5 parts water per part of said reaction product and maintaining the resultant mixture at from about 20 to 40 C. for from about 6 .40 to 80 minutes until said mixture has a viscosity of from about 200 to250 poises. ⁇

Description

Patented July 261, 1953 .oo'r'roNsEED MEAL GLUES 0F Lo l g v' ALKALINITY I` .lett1C.'Arthur,'Jr., and Joseph T. Hogan, New
Orleans, La., assignors tothe United States of America .asvrepresented` by the Secretary of vN6v Drawing. Apblicatio May s, 1951, ..eserial No. 224,439
24 Claims. (Cl. 260-6) .i (Granted under Tine, 35, U. s. Code (1952),
sec.266) f Y 'Y The invention hereinvdescribed maybe manun factured by or for the Government of the United 'States' of America for" governmental purposes throughout the world without the payment to .us'
'oiany lroyalty thereon. f;
'-This"invention'relatesv to vthe production yof rglut'e from cottonseedv meal or cake. More vpar- "ticularly it providesglues,vwhich are so proious additives-'suchlas CS2 (usually in conjunc= tion with carbon1 tetrachloride), lime,l silicates, vvborates, alumsandtheJike vwhich'have been l found Ato. improve. the water resistance and spreadability ofthe glue. The seedmeal is generally pulverizedto a'lour-like consistency and .suspended ordispersedina ratiorof from`r about L 20ste .flopartsof meal in 100' parts of Aa sodium hydroxide andlime'solution containingthe ad- ','jditives yandhaving a pI-lof at leastabout,12.`
Y A"It hasbeen found thatglues having this degree of alkalinity (a pI-Iof 12 or more) will stain acid woods and light-colored veneers; and confromcottonseed meal have a particular economic advantage since theycan consist principally of 'I cottonseed meal, technical grade urea, and technicalgrade formaldehyde; all of which are low vcost materials compared to the urea-formalde-` hyde resins.l I l l Thec'ottonseed'meal glues of low alkalinity provided by the process of this invention can be produced from cottonseed meals Yor cakes from t which the oil was removed by screw-pressing, hydraulic pressing, or bysolvent extraction procf esses or by other de-oiling processes conducted in the conventional manner.
It is well known that the heating 'of the meals that is sometimes done in `conventional*pressing operations denatures the protein. Y Lfottonseed meal glues prepared frommeallrwhlich lh'as"`r 1ot A been subjected to extensive heating', form glue -joints which are much stronger than those prepared fromfan extensively heatedlmeal. I'G-l'ues prepared from solvent extracted'rneals, inaccordance with the vprocess ofthe invention, constitute a preferred classof compositions provided by the invention;V vAnother preferred class"of compositionsr provided by the invention consists of theV glues so produced from cottonseed meals which] have been vde-oiled in any manner' which leaves a meal containing atleast 70%, Ysoluble nitrogen as determined by suspending 2.5 grams sequently the utilization .of cottonseed meal glues has heretoiorebeen'. limited vto vthe bonding of 1 v dark-colored woods and veneers in spite of their advantageously strong and resistant joints and low cost.A
Various attempts to produce cottonseed meal '6 glues Vof low alkalinity vhave been described. However, such processes often involve mixing pulverized' cottonseed meal with compositions such as urea-formaldehyde resins.`
formaldehyde resins are glues in their own right. f In addition,` such resinous glues are several times as expensive as cottonseed meal. The use of the cottonseed meal as an extender vfor such a resinous glue, produces a glue comparable to those .producedby extending the resinousglue with Q 'various other llers such 'as inedible wheat flour and the like, and the products are much more expensive than the conventional cottonseed meal glues. y Y v We have surprisinglyV discovered that by dispersing a cottonseed. meal in an aqueous solu-l tion, containing formaldehyde, in which solution the principalnbasic ingredient is urea; glues the commonly vused low alkalinity urea-formaldehyde glues)` and a bond shear strengthV equal The ureaof the meal in 100 ml. of 0.5M NaClfor 3 hours at25"C."A -Apreferredmethod of producing the glues vprovided by the invention consists of dispersing `the seed meal in an aqueous solution containing urea, allowing the protein to react with the urea,
j and adding formaldehyde to themixture. 1 The process can be conducted at temperaturesl ranging from `0to 100 C. but itV can be emciently vand economically conducted at substantially room temperature (20 to 40,C.)., and the employment of such temperature is, of course, preferred.
The aqueous solution can suitably contain from,0.5 to 3 partsof urea per part of water, but
we yhave found-that particularly eiective glues are produced bythe employment of aqueous solutions containing about l to Zparts by weight .of urea per part of water.
The time vrequired for the protein to react with the urea of course varies with the particuto or greater than that of urea-formaldehyde glues, can be produced. *The glues so produced' having a pI-I of less than 8 (less than the pH' of E lar cottonseed'meal used, the amount of meal used, the extent to which it is pulverized, and the temperature of therea-c'tion. In general, times sufficient for the pulverized cottonseed meal to become completely wetted by the solution are ,sufcient When thev nreaction isconducted at about room temperature .using about 0.5 to 1 parts of a cottonseed meal (containing at least %V solublenitrogen and passing through a 20D-mesh screen) per part of waterv containing 0.5 to l part of urea, particularly suitable glues are produced by allowing from` about 20 to 40 minutes for the reaction with urea, adding from 0.3 to 0.5 part formaldehyde and 1 to 1.5 parts of water per part of the urea and meal mixture, and maintaining the resultant mixture for from 40 to 80 minutes at 20 to 40C.
The conventional additives such as carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, silicates, borates, alums, and the like which improve water resistance and/or spreadability can be incorporated in the suspension.
The formaldehyde can be added in any of its conventionally employed forms, but is preferably added in the form of an aqueous solution. The amount of formaldehyde can be varied from 0.5 to 1 part per part of urea. Particularly suitable glues have been produced by adding an amount of formaldehyde `about equal to the amount of urea, in the form of an aqueous solution.
The glues provided by the process of this invention can suitably be applied and used in the conventional hot or cold pressing operations.
The viscosity of the glues prepared by the process of the invention will vary depending upon the concentration of meal, urea and formaldehyde and the time they are allowed to stand as Well as upon the particular cottonseed meal used.
from 200 to 250 'poises,
The pH of the glues provided by the invention will vary principally depending upon the concentration of urea and meal and acidic or basic additives. Preferred glues provided by the process of the invention have a pH of from 7.5 to
7.8, but in general glues provided by the invention having a pI-I below about 8.5 can be applied to acid or light-colored woods without causing appreciable discoloration. v
The following examples are presented to illustrate in greater detail certain modes of practicing the present invention and certain of its characteristics. Since numerous modifications can suitably be employed, the scope of the invention is dened by the claims and is not to be con- ParticularlyY suitable glues provided by the process of the invention have a viscosity of strued as being limitedv to the d the examples.
etails recited in EXAMPLE 1 One hundred parts of oil-free cottonseed meal were mixed with 100 parts of urea and 100 parts of water at 25 C. for 1/2 hour. Then 270 parts of 37 percent formaldehyde solution were slowly added to the urea-cottonseed meal reaction product. After one hour, 'the viscosity of the cottonseed meal glue was 202 poises, and the pH of the glue was 7.5.
The low alkaline cottonseed meal glue was used to bond Wood veneer with minimum alkali staining to yield plywood having dry and wet shear strengths of about 282 and 153 pounds per square inch, respectively.
EXAMPLE 2 One hundred parts of oil-free cottonseed meal were mixed with 200 parts of urea and 200 parts of water at 25 C. for 1k hour. Then 270 parts of 37 percent formaldehyde solution were slowly added to the urea-cottonseed meal reaction product. After one hour, the viscosity of the cottonseed meal glue was 218 poises, and the pH of the glue was 7.8.
The low alkaline cottonseed meal glue Was used to bond wood veneer with minimum alkali staining to yield plywood having dry and wet shear strengths of about 300 and 166 pounds per square inch, respectively.
EXAMPLE 34 One hundred parts of oil-free cottonseed meal were mixed with 200 parts of urea and 133 parts of Water at 25 C.Y for 1/2 hour.v Then 400 parts of 37 percent formaldehyde solution were slowly added to the urea-cottonseed meal reaction product. After one hour, the viscosity of the cottonseed meal glue was 225 poises, and the pH of the glue was 7.8.
The low alkaline cottonseed meal glue was used to bond wood veneer with minimum alkali staining to yield plywood having dry and Wet shear strengths of about 266 and 140 pounds per square inch, respectively.
EXAMPLE 4 El'ect of urea-formaldehyde solvent for cottonseed meal and processing conditions on the shear strengths of glue iointsl Pressing ConvSh n ear Strength spready tions Solids Viscosity lbs/1,000 f 7 Glue Composltwn Percent (1 lsemg 5&1?" ne pH Dry, wood Wet, Wood D t Y comp Het; Failure Failure p. s. i. p. s. i. (lha/sq. (lbs/sq.
in.,percent) u1.,perceiit) No. l
100 grains hexane-extracted meal 53 202 18 7. 5 150 150 282-50 153-30 100 grams cream-. 53 202 18 7. 5 none 150 284-45 150-l5 100 grams Water 53 202 18 7. 5 150 none 153-20 89-0 270 ml. 37% HCHO grams hexane-ex traeted meal 43 218 18 7. 8 150 150 287-45 149-10 100 grams urea, 43 218 18 7.8 200 200 292-45 159-35 100 grams Water, 43 218 18 7. 8 200 200 300-60 166-30 270 ml. 37% ECHO v grams heXaneex tracted meaL. 150 grams urea 44 225 14 7. 8 200 200 266-20 140-15 grams water. 400 inl. 37% HCHO.. Urea-formaldehyde 63 19 8.1 200 200 298-45 163-20 Glue. equal parts 45 19 8. l 200 200 264-20 127-0 1 Meal, urea, and Water reacted prior to addition of formaldehyde. 2 Average .of 20 values determined for 3 ply test pieces by tensile shear tester at dry (conditioned at 75 F. and 32% relative humidity for 6 days) and Wet (immersed 'm water for 48 hours at 77o F. prior to testing) conditions.
2 Cold pressed at 77cl F. for 1,440 minutes.
Having thus described our invention, we claim: 1. A process for the production of a cottonseed meal glue which comprises: reacting cottonseed meal with urea by suspending an oil-free cottonseed meal in an aqueous solution containing from about 1 to 2 parts urea and from about 1 to 2 parts Water per part of meal and maintaining Vthe suspension at from about 20 to 40 C. for from about 20 to 40 minutes;l and reacting the .reaction product so produced with formaldehydel byV mixing it with formaldehyde in the form of an aqueous solution introducing from about 0.3 to 0.5. parts formaldehyde and from about 1 to 1.5 parts water per part of said reaction product and maintaining the resultant mixture at from about 20 to 40 C. for from about 6 .40 to 80 minutes until said mixture has a viscosity of from about 200 to250 poises.`
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the cottonseed meal is an oil-free hexane extracted cottonseed meal.
JETT C. ARTHUR, JR. JOSEPH T. HOGAN.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number. Name Date 1,245,975 Satow 1 Nov. 16, 1917 2,249,003 Julian et al July 15, 1941 2,332,801 Leonardson et al. Oct. 26, 1943

Claims (1)

1. PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A COTTONSEED MEAL GLUE WHICH COMPRISES: REACTING COTTONSEED MEAL WITH UREA BY SUSPENDING AN OIL-FREE COTTONSEED MEAL IN AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION CONTAINING FROM ABOUT 1 TO 2 PARTS UREA AND FROM ABOUT 1 TO 2 PARTS WATER PER PART OF MEAL AND MAINTAINING THE SUSPENSION AT FROM ABOUT 20 TO 40* C. FOR FROM ABOUT 20 TO 40 MINUTES; AND REACTING THE REACTION PRODUCT SO PRODUCED WITH FORMALDEHYDE BY MIXING IT WITH FORMALDEHYDE IN THE FORM OF AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION INTRODUCING FROM ABOUT 0.3 TO 0.5 PARTS FORMALDEHYDE AND FROM ABOUT 1 TO 1.5 PARTS WATER PER PART OF SAID REACTION PRODUCT AND MAINTAINING THE RESULTANT MIXTURE AT FROM ABOUT 20 TO 40* C. FOR FROM ABOUT 40 TO 80 MINUTES UNTIL SAID MIXTURE HAS A VISCOSITY OF FROM ABOUT 200 TO 250 POISES.
US224439A 1951-05-03 1951-05-03 Cottonseed meal glues of low alkalinity Expired - Lifetime US2646408A (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1245975A (en) * 1916-11-25 1917-11-06 Sadakichi Satow Vegetable proteid product and process of making the same.
US2249003A (en) * 1939-04-08 1941-07-15 Glidden Co Protein composition and method of making
US2332801A (en) * 1940-05-03 1943-10-26 Borden Co Vegetable protein resin product and preparation thereof

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1245975A (en) * 1916-11-25 1917-11-06 Sadakichi Satow Vegetable proteid product and process of making the same.
US2249003A (en) * 1939-04-08 1941-07-15 Glidden Co Protein composition and method of making
US2332801A (en) * 1940-05-03 1943-10-26 Borden Co Vegetable protein resin product and preparation thereof

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