US264304A - Feank e - Google Patents
Feank e Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US264304A US264304A US264304DA US264304A US 264304 A US264304 A US 264304A US 264304D A US264304D A US 264304DA US 264304 A US264304 A US 264304A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cup
- iron
- battery
- filings
- cell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 96
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 48
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 30
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 16
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 10
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 8
- 210000001736 Capillaries Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 210000001503 Joints Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002999 depolarising Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 241000969130 Atthis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000196435 Prunus domestica subsp. insititia Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052571 earthenware Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000036633 rest Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/04—Cells with aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/06—Dry cells, i.e. cells wherein the electrolyte is rendered non-fluid
- H01M6/08—Dry cells, i.e. cells wherein the electrolyte is rendered non-fluid with cup-shaped electrodes
Definitions
- the object of my invention is to produce a simple, cheap, efficient, and durable'galvanic battery; and to this end my invention consists of certain novel combinations of elements and certain specific features of construction, which I will proceed to describe, and then specifically point out in the claims.
- Figure 1 is a vertical section of a galvanic battery embodying my invention
- Fig. 2 is a vertical section of my novel cover-plate.
- A indicates a cup or cell of iron, which may be either cast or stamped up, and which serves, in connection with iron filings, scrap, or small pieces of iron of any other kind or form contained therein, as one of the elements of the battery.
- cup B represents a cup, which contains the other element of the battery 0, which latter is of zinc, and is immersed in a solution of a caustic alkali, such as potash.
- the cup B is impervious to moisture from its top to a point near the. bottom, as at a, and for the remainder of the distance downward is porous, so as atthis portion to constitute a porous diaphragm or partition. 1 prefer to construct this cup by taking an ordinary porous cup of earthenware and glazing, varnishing, shellaoing, or treating it in any other suitable manner so as to render it impervious from its top-to the point a.
- Formed upon the bottom of the cup Bis an annular projection or a suitable number of separate projections,b b, which embrace the end of the element 0 and serve to hold it in place and out of contact with the sides of the (No model.)
- the saute object might be accomplished by forming projections upon the element 0, which would rest against the interior walls of the cup B.
- Cast or in any other suitable manner formed upon the bottom of the iron cell A is an annular projection, a a, which serves to keep the cup B in proper position.
- Thc liquid thus drawn up by the bibulous or absorbent material is at the bottom only of the cup, a suitable supply being kept up by the percolation of the liquid through the porous portion of the cup B,which is normally full of the solution.
- the supply is governed by the hcight'of the non-porous portion of the cup B in accordance with the size of the outer cup and the consequent rapidity of the evaporation.
- the absorbent material might be applied in other ways instead of mixing it intimately with the iron filings in the manner indicated as, for instance, by embedding in the filings at frequent intervals vertical threads or strands of the fibrous material. I do not, however, limit myself to any particular method of applying the material, the idea only being to make use of the capillary action of the absorbent in contact with the filings to keep them thororoughly moistened without covering them with the liquid. Electrical connection with the iron elements is preferably formed by a zinc or copper wire cast into the cup A. Conn -ction with the zinc element is formed in a similar or any suitable manner.
- a non-conducting envelope of mineral wool or asbestos applied by first shellacing or Otherwise covering the surface of the cup with a cementing or binding material and then applying the asbestus or mineral wool in loose short fibers.
- I might, however, use for the purpose asbestus board or other form of the materials mentioned.
- the cup is provided with a non-conducting envelope of this kind any number of them may be set closely against one another, and may be readily handled without danger of breakage.
- F is a cover-plate for the battery, preferably perforated near its edge over the space containing the filings, and provided at its central portion with a plug or stopper, G, for the inner cup, which fits the mouth of said cup tightly.
- Said stopper is made of some compressible elastic material, and is clamped against the inner side of the cover-plate by means of a screw, H, which screws through the plate and carries at its lower end a washer, K. By tightening the screw the stopper is compressed vertically and expanded laterally, so as to fit the end of the cup 13 closely.
- the screw H screws into the end of the zinc and holds it suspended in the cup, preventing it from touching the sides thereof. At the same time good electrical connection with the zinc can be made through the screw.
- the battery is constructed as above described and provided with the cover-plate shown it may be conveniently transported without danger of spilling its contents, while at the same time its negative element is exposed to the access of air, so that it is promptly (.lepolarized.
- What I claim as my invention is- 1.
- a battery element consisting of a cup of metal containing metal plugs or scraps, with which is loosely mixed an absorbent material and means wherebyliqnid may be admitted gradually to the bottom of the cell, so that said filings may be kept moist by the capillary action of the absorbent without being covered by the liquid.
- An element for a galvanic battery formed of a cup of iron containing iron scraps or filings, with which is mixed absorbent mineral wool or asbestos.
- a galvanic battery composed of a containing-cell porous at a portion only of its surface, and containing a plate of zinc immersed in a solution of a caustic alkali, and a second containing-cell of iron cast or stamped so as to be free from soldered joints, as and for the purpose described.
- a galvanic battery composed of a cup, A, of iron, containing iron scraps or filings mixed with an absorbent, and a cup, B, porous near its bottom only, and containing a zinc element immersed in a solution of caustic potash or alkali.
- a galvanic battery formed of an outer cell or cup, A, of iron, containing iron filings mixed with an absorbent, and having a nonconducting envelope, a cup, B, porous near its bottom only, and an element, 0, of zinc, contained in said cup and immersed in a solution of a caustic alkali, such as potash.
- a galvanic battery consisting of a liquid-containing cell porous near its bottom and holding one of the elements of the battery and the battery solution, and a second con taining cell or receptacle contiguous to the first and holding a mass of metal filings or scraps mixed with an absorbent to constitute the other element.
Description
P. E.- KINSMAN. GALVANIG BATTERY.
(No Model.)
No. 264,304. Patented Sept. 12. 18-82.
' UNITED STATES FRANK E. KINSMAN,
PATENT OFFICE.
OF NEW YORK, N. Y.
GALVANIC BATTERY.
SPECIFICATION forming part. of Letters Patent No. 264,304, dated September 12, 1882,
Application filed June 17, 1882.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, FRANK E. KINSMAN, a citizen of the United States, and a residentof New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Galvanic Batteries, ot' vthich the following is a specification.
The object of my invention is to produce a simple, cheap, efficient, and durable'galvanic battery; and to this end my invention consists of certain novel combinations of elements and certain specific features of construction, which I will proceed to describe, and then specifically point out in the claims.
Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical section of a galvanic battery embodying my invention, and Fig. 2 is a vertical section of my novel cover-plate.
A indicates a cup or cell of iron, which may be either cast or stamped up, and which serves, in connection with iron filings, scrap, or small pieces of iron of any other kind or form contained therein, as one of the elements of the battery. When the iron containing cell is made in the manner stated by casting or stamping it up in a single piece free from soldered joints, there is no danger of leakage, and the battery is entirely free from the difficulty attaching to batteries as hitherto constructed with a containing-cell of iron, which latter, being made with soldered joints, is liable to leak, owing to the action of the battery-liquids upon the solder.
B represents a cup, which contains the other element of the battery 0, which latter is of zinc, and is immersed in a solution of a caustic alkali, such as potash. The cup B is impervious to moisture from its top to a point near the. bottom, as at a, and for the remainder of the distance downward is porous, so as atthis portion to constitute a porous diaphragm or partition. 1 prefer to construct this cup by taking an ordinary porous cup of earthenware and glazing, varnishing, shellaoing, or treating it in any other suitable manner so as to render it impervious from its top-to the point a. Formed upon the bottom of the cup Bis an annular projection or a suitable number of separate projections,b b, which embrace the end of the element 0 and serve to hold it in place and out of contact with the sides of the (No model.)
cup. The saute object might be accomplished by forming projections upon the element 0, which would rest against the interior walls of the cup B. Cast or in any other suitable manner formed upon the bottom of the iron cell A is an annular projection, a a, which serves to keep the cup B in proper position.
In the space between the inner cup, B, and the walls of the iron cell A is a mass of iron filings, turnings, or some other suitably-divided form of iron, which rests in contact with the walls of the cell A, and with which is mixed an indestructible absorbent in loose form such as mineral wool or asbestus in shred ded or fibrous condition-which serves to keep the iron filings and the interior walls of the cup A sufficiently moist to allow a proper galvanic action to take place, the objectbeing to do away with a body of liquid in contact with the element, and to thus facilitate depolarization. Thc liquid thus drawn up by the bibulous or absorbent material is at the bottom only of the cup, a suitable supply being kept up by the percolation of the liquid through the porous portion of the cup B,which is normally full of the solution. The supply is governed by the hcight'of the non-porous portion of the cup B in accordance with the size of the outer cup and the consequent rapidity of the evaporation.
Although I have specified the use of an indestructible absorbent t'or mixture with the iron filings, I do not limit myself thereto, as other absorbent material may be used in the place of those mentioned. I pret'er to use the materials specified, as the durability of the battery is largely increased. In order to as sist the depolarization, the inside of the cell A is roughened.
I have found in practice that the efiiciency of the battery is largely increased by the employment of soft iron for the filings and for the iron .cell.
It is evident that so far as concerns the employment of the absorbent material mixed with the iron filings the value of my invention is not dependent upon the kind of cup A that is used, and that this feature of the invention might be found of value with a cup of glass or other non-conductor or with other metals in a battery using other solutions. This portion of the invention is, however, chiefly of value in a battery in which the cell itself forms a portion of one of the elements.
The absorbent material might be applied in other ways instead of mixing it intimately with the iron filings in the manner indicated as, for instance, by embedding in the filings at frequent intervals vertical threads or strands of the fibrous material. I do not, however, limit myself to any particular method of applying the material, the idea only being to make use of the capillary action of the absorbent in contact with the filings to keep them thororoughly moistened without covering them with the liquid. Electrical connection with the iron elements is preferably formed by a zinc or copper wire cast into the cup A. Conn -ction with the zinc element is formed in a similar or any suitable manner.
Applied to the outer surface of the metallic cell A is a non-conducting envelope of mineral wool or asbestos, applied by first shellacing or Otherwise covering the surface of the cup with a cementing or binding material and then applying the asbestus or mineral wool in loose short fibers. I might, however, use for the purpose asbestus board or other form of the materials mentioned. When the cup is provided with a non-conducting envelope of this kind any number of them may be set closely against one another, and may be readily handled without danger of breakage.
F, Fig. 2, is a cover-plate for the battery, preferably perforated near its edge over the space containing the filings, and provided at its central portion with a plug or stopper, G, for the inner cup, which fits the mouth of said cup tightly. Said stopper is made of some compressible elastic material, and is clamped against the inner side of the cover-plate by means of a screw, H, which screws through the plate and carries at its lower end a washer, K. By tightening the screw the stopper is compressed vertically and expanded laterally, so as to fit the end of the cup 13 closely. The screw H screws into the end of the zinc and holds it suspended in the cup, preventing it from touching the sides thereof. At the same time good electrical connection with the zinc can be made through the screw.
hen the battery is constructed as above described and provided with the cover-plate shown it may be conveniently transported without danger of spilling its contents, while at the same time its negative element is exposed to the access of air, so that it is promptly (.lepolarized.
What I claim as my invention is- 1. The. combination, with metal filings or scraps forming an element for a galvanic battery, of an absorbent mixed loosely therewith, in the manner described, so as by capillary action to keep the metal filings moist.
2. A battery element consisting of a cup of metal containing metal plugs or scraps, with which is loosely mixed an absorbent material and means wherebyliqnid may be admitted gradually to the bottom of the cell, so that said filings may be kept moist by the capillary action of the absorbent without being covered by the liquid.
3. The combination, with metal scraps or filings forming an element for a galvanic battery, of an absorbent mixed with said scraps or filings and formed of asbestus or mineral wool.
4. An element for a galvanic battery, formed of a cup of iron containing iron scraps or filings, with which is mixed absorbent mineral wool or asbestos.
5. In a galvanic battery, an element composed of scraps or turnings of soft iron immersed in a solution of a caustic alkali.
6. The combination, with a metal containing cup or cell forming an element of a galvanic battery, of an envelope of asbestus or mineral wool, as and for the purpose described.
7. A galvanic battery composed of a containing-cell porous at a portion only of its surface, and containing a plate of zinc immersed in a solution of a caustic alkali, and a second containing-cell of iron cast or stamped so as to be free from soldered joints, as and for the purpose described.
8. A galvanic battery composed of a cup, A, of iron, containing iron scraps or filings mixed with an absorbent, and a cup, B, porous near its bottom only, and containing a zinc element immersed in a solution of caustic potash or alkali.
9. A galvanic battery formed of an outer cell or cup, A, of iron, containing iron filings mixed with an absorbent, and having a nonconducting envelope, a cup, B, porous near its bottom only, and an element, 0, of zinc, contained in said cup and immersed in a solution of a caustic alkali, such as potash.
10. The combination, with the element formed of the cup A and its contained metal filings, of the element 0, contained in a cup porous at its bottom only, and a cover perforated over the element A and closed over the element 0.
11. The combination, with the cover F, perforated near its edge, of the compressible and expansible plug G, as and for the purpose described.
12. The combination of the cup B, the plate F, the plug G, and the screw H, as and for the purpose described.
13. A galvanic battery consisting of a liquid-containing cell porous near its bottom and holding one of the elements of the battery and the battery solution, and a second con taining cell or receptacle contiguous to the first and holding a mass of metal filings or scraps mixed with an absorbent to constitute the other element.
Signed at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, this 16th day of June, A. D. 1682.
FRANK E. KINSMAN.
Witnesses:
H. C. TowNsEND, THOS. TooMEY.
IIO
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US264304A true US264304A (en) | 1882-09-12 |
Family
ID=2333570
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US264304D Expired - Lifetime US264304A (en) | Feank e |
Country Status (1)
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US (1) | US264304A (en) |
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- US US264304D patent/US264304A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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