US2642072A - Apparatus for permanently waving hair on the human head - Google Patents

Description

June 16, 1953 J. 5. CIPOLLA 2,542,072

APPARATUS FOR PERMANENTLY WAVING HAIR ON HUMAN HEAD I Filed Jan. 14. 1950 INVENTOR- O5FPH GP H BY ATTORNEY 1 copending application for j'zsoss'z dated May 2 .,December 27, 1948, now

, apparatus of: the particularly useful I Patented June 1953 APPARATUS FOR PERMANENTLY WAVING HAIR ON THE HUMAN HEAD Joseph S.

Frank J Hale, New Y 'Cipolla, Brooklyn, N. Y., assignor to I ork, N. Y., as trustee for Frank J. Hale, John- Garvey, .Marianne An-' drews, and Joseph S. Cipolla Application January 14, 1950, ser'ia1 No. 138,638

12 Claims. 1

This invention relates to an apparatus for per- 'rnanently waving hair on thehuman; head. The present invention is a continuation-in-part of my for Hair Waving, Serial No. {14,725, filed March 13, 1948, now United States Letters Patent No.

v manently Waving Hair,

United State Letters i Patent No. 2,508,375., datedMay 23, 1950. v

Itis an object of my invention to provide an character described which is whose use a comparatively unskilled person can give either herself or someone else a'permanent wave of professional appearance.

It is another object otmy invention to provide apparatus of the character described which -of an'inherently simple construction and isextremely easy to use.

i It is another objectof my invention to provide an apparatus of the character described through whose use the hair ispermanently waved in ring- -let form, whereby not only is the first setting operation eliminated, but the basic wave is of the proper shape and character for subsequent setting operations, this being in contrast tothe for home waving and through Method and Means,

3, 1950, and is a division of I my copending application for Apparatus for Berand illustrated, and of which the scope of application vvill be indicated in the appended claims.

- In the accompanying drawings in which is shown one of the, various'possible embodiments of my invention.

Fig. v1 is a perspectiveview of a waving unit embodying my invention;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional view taken substantially along the line 22 of Fig. 1;

Figs. 3 through 6 are perspective views of the unit at successive stages of a waving operation; an

Fig. '7 is a perspective view of a form of element designed for use in conjunction with the waving unit of'Fig. 1. I

Referring now indetail to the drawings, and more particularly to Figs. 1 through '7, the reference numeral denotes a waving unit embodying my invention, said unit comprising a quill 52 of relatively rigid material, for example, a stiff plastic which is inert to the chemicals used in the hair waving process. The unit also includes spiral and Croquign-ole waves heretofore imparted which had to 'be reset after completion-ofwaving.

It is another object of my invention to provide an apparatus-of the character described through -whose use the hair tresses are kept wound until a disc 54 of a flexible resilient material, 1. e. an elastomer as rubber or any one of the well known elastomeric pl-astics, e. g. a polyethylene plastic.

The quill 52 is hollow and is provided with a single flange, to wit, a flange 55 at the end of the quill which engages the disc. This flange is designed'to prevent the quill from accidentally becoming disengaged from the disc.

The dischas a central opening 58 with'a diameterequal' to or slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the quill adjacent the flange 56,

a later stage of operations than ever reached before in permanent waving, whereby the permanency of the wave is enhanced. I It is another object of my invention to provide an apparatus of the character described whichis specially adapted to be employed in-conjunctio'n Y with cold wave processes. 'It is another object of my invention toprovide an apparatus of the character described in which curls can be wound in any desired direction, -i.j e. clockwise or counterclockwise. It is an additional-object of my invention. to provide an apparatus of the character. described through whose use curls may be wound with ease right up to the scalp.

Other objects ofmyinvention will in part obvious and in part will be pointed out hereinafter.

My invention accordingly consists in .the features of construction, 'and arrangements of .parts whichjwill beexempli+ fled in the constructions hereinafter described combinations of elements whereby, when the quill is disposed in said opening, it will be frictionally engaged by the side walls thereof and .thus be detained in any given angular position with respect to the disc.

In order to avoidworking to too close tolerances with the internal diameter of the opening 58 and outer diameter of the quill 52, I provide said disc with a series of through slots 60 which may be of arcuate shape and are disposed a short distanceaway from the opening. More than one of these slots may be provided, as indicated, and

the same are arranged concentrically about the center of said opening 58. Said slots permit the walls of said opening-to give slightly so that the actual size of the opening is not critical. With a 2,642,072 ff? 1.; If

with and near the opening 58. The arcuate section runs into a radially extending reach 65 which terminates at a portion 66 which is of such shape as to define a tab 68 with a narrow base it. The slit runs from the tab to the periphery of the disc. The tab thus is in one piece with the part of the disc at one side of the slit 62 and the mating opening for receiving the tab is on the part of the disc at the other side of the slit. Said tab is designed to be snugly fitted into its mating opening, whereby whenthetab is, dis,-

wound tress wet with a neutralizing solution,

posed in said opening the two partsof the disc.

on opposite sides of the slit 62 .will be detachably engaged and thus be ableQto 'hold the base f of a tress securely in place.

tab side, of the slit 62 may be provided with a slight radially extending projection 12 whereby a user of the waving unit easily is able to locate the slit 62 when it cannot easily be seen in a mirror.

Desirably, and for a purpose which Wills-soon be apparent, the outer surfaceof the quill may taper very slightly from its free end to adjacent the flange 56. This taper is so slight that it hardly can be noticed in Fig. 2. Said taper is such that the outside diameter of the quill adjacent the fiange 56 is about equal to the inside diameter of the quill adjacent the free end 14 thereof.

The wavingunit 50 is designed to be employed in conjunction with a rubber or rubber-like element [6 which comprises an elongated bar portion l8 and a plug part 80 which is adapted to be snugly fitted into the hollow free end 14 of the.

quill. The bar portion 18 is'approximately equal in length to the diameter of the'disc 54.

The waving unit 50 is employed as follows. The hair on a head 82 first is blocked off as indicated in Fig. 3 so as to'subdividethe hair into 'a group of tresses having a desired base configuration. As illustrative herein, the base configuration of the tress is approximately square. However, it may be somewhat elongated and even considerably elongated. Nevertheless, in the preferred form of my invention,wherein the hair is permanently waved in the form of ringlets, I have found that the most satisfactory results are obtained where the base of thetress is not considerably elongated sit would be, for example, in Croquignole waving. r Y

Each tress-is wettedwith a conventional socalled cold wave softening lotion which is combed through the tress toinsure even distribution. Many such solutions arewell known to the art. Mention is made here, only by way of example, of a typical softeningsolution, to wit, one principally including a reducing agent such as ammonium thioglycollate. The distal end of the tress then is caught on the quill near its free end 14 as shown in Fig. 3 and the quill and disc rotated together about the axis of the quill toward the base of the tress. Thereupon, the quill and disc are turned through an angle of, 90

with respect to an axis transverse to the longitudinal axis of the quill to bring the disc substantially parallel to the scalp as shown in Fig. 4. The disc then is manipulated to spread apart the two portions onopposite. sides of the slit 62 I5- The portion of the disc on'either side, e. g. the I e. g. an oxidizing solution. After this, the quill is turned a short distance in a direction reverse to the winding direction and a second application of the neutralizing solution made.

Then the plug 80 of the element 16 (Fig. 4) is introduced into the free end 14 of the quill andthe disc is forced up along the quill towards the plug spreading slightly as it does due to the flare'of the quill, until the disc finally leaves the free end of the quill and frictionally en- The position of the parts at this time is indicated in Fig. 5 from whichit will be seen that this action results in disengaging the quill. Next the disc and wound strand are set back against the scalp." This-mannerof disengaging'the quill results in flattening the wound strand between the bar 18 and disc 54 so thatas theneutralizingsolution takes effect it will cause the'wound tress to be permanently ;waved in ringlet form.

It will be observed that the unit at this time simply consists of the disc and element 16, both of these being quite close to the scalp and both being of a soft flexible material so that not only is it convenient to walk around with these Waving units on the head, but the patron also is able to sleep without too much discomfort while such waving units are in place.

It may-be pointed out that the quill can be disengaged from the waving unit as above described either before the wound-.tress has been wetted with aneutralizingsolution or thereafter and the base of .the tress is, introduced into the arcuate section 64. Thereafter, the tab 68 is forced back-into its mating opening and the disc and before the neutralizing solution has completed its task. Also, if desired, and either. be fore or after the neutralizing solution is applied, the tress may be rinsed with clean lukewarm water as by spraying or pouring overthe wound tress.

.I have found that the. setting, i. e..neutralizing solution, is not instantaneous inits actionand therefore if, after such a solution is applied to thewound tress, said tress is flattened against the disc as above set forth and the flattened tressleft in this condition for a period of time,

say 15 minutes to one-half hour, or evenlonger,

while the tress dries, the tress will be permanently waved either in ringlet form or in a form approaching ringlet form. The longer the tress is left inthe condition indicated in Fig. 6 the closer the permanently. waved tress will assume aringlet form. 5 Moreover, by. permitting, the

tress to dry in a ringlet form it will be set in such form thereby eliminating the step of setting the hair in ringlets subsequent to permanent waving.

Inlieu of employing an element 16 such as described, .a metal element (Fig. 7) may be used, said element consisting of a strip of spring steel or other resilient metallic material bent to form an elongated portion 921 with return bends 94 at its opposite ends extending into legs. 96 which terminate in parallel arms 98 running at 90 tothefelongated' portionzti92. The arms have flared tips I00 which are designed to frictionally engage the exteriorof the hollow tical use.

eemaove gage the. underside of the disc tobetter hold the A disc and element together.

Although it is proposed tosell allof the com- [ponent elementsof thehairwaving unit as a combination, it is to be understood that, in-

dividual component elements-can be sold as re-' placementpartsgfor use with other component elements of the unit.

;;It.thus--1willibe seen; that :Ihave provided an apparatus which achieves the several objects of my invention and meets the condition of pracvarious possible embodiments might be made of the above invention, and as various changesmight'be made in the embodiment above set forth, it isto be'understood that all matter herein described, or shown in the accompanying drawings, it to be interpretedas illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. A waving unit comprising in combination an elongated quill and a flexible disc, said'disc having a through opening, said quill being frictionally received in said openingso as'to be rotatable with respect to the disc about the longitudinal axis of the quill against the frictional restraint of the walls of the opening against the quill, said disc having a through slit to receive a tress of hair wound helically along the length of the quill from the distal to the proximal end of the tress and from the free end of the quill to the end of the quill at the disc, said slit extending from adjacent said opening to the periphery of the disc, and a projection extending away from the periphery of the disc adjacent the slit.

2. A waving unit comprising in combination an elongated quill and a flexible disc, said disc having a through opening, said quill being frictionally received in said opening so as to be rotatable with respect to the disc about the longitudinal axis of the quill against the frictional restraint of the walls of the opening against the quill, said disc having a through slit to receive a tress of hair wound helically along the length of the quill from the distal to the proximal end of the tress and from the free end of the quill to the end of the quill at the disc, said split extending from adjacent said opening to the periphery of the disc, one edge of said slit being shaped in the form of a locking tab and the other edge in the shape of a mating recess whereby the portions of said disc on opposite sides of said slit may be detachably secured to one another.

3. A waving unit comprising in combination an elongated quill and a flexible resilient disc, said disc having a through opening, said quill being frictionally received in said opening so as to be rotatable with respect to the disc about the longitudinal axis of the quill against the frictional restraint of the walls of the opening against the quill, said disc having a-through slit to receive a tress of hair wound helically along the length of the quill from the distal to the proximal end of the tress and from the free end of the quill to the end of the quill at the disc,

said slit extending from adjacent said opening to the periphery of the disc, said disc having at least one through aperture adjacent said opening receivequills of varying diameter.

4. For use in conjunction'with a quill having an end thereof rotatably received in an opening in a disc, said quill being adapted to have wound thereon from its free end to its end adjacent the disc, a helical tress of hair: an element hav- 7 ing an elongated portion and aportion normal thereto and intermediate the ends of the elongated portion, said last named portion being constructed to frictionally engage the quill adjacent the end oppositefrom the disc, and said gelongated portion being adapted to flatten-and press the flattened wound tress against the disc. 5. An element as set forth in claim 4 wherein 'the second-named portion is provided with a pair of spaced legs to engage the exterior of the free end of the quill, 1

6. An element as set forth in claim 4 for the use in conjunction with a quill having a hollow free end, the second'named portion of said element being constructed to frictionally engagethe interior of the hollow end of the quill.

7. In combination, a waving unit comprising an elongated quill and a flexible disc, said disc having a through opening, said quill being frictionally received in said opening so as to be rotatable with respect to the disc about the longitudinal axis of the quill against the frictional restraint of the walls of the opening against the quill, said quill having its free end hollow, said disc having a through slit to receive a tress of hair wound helically along the length of the quill from the distal to the proximal endof the tress and from the free end of the quill to the end of the quill at the disc, said slit extending from adjacent said opening to the periphery of the disc, and an element having an elongated portion and means intermediate the ends of said elongated portion for frictionally engaging said hollow end of the quill.

8. In combination, a waving unit comprising an elongated quill and a flexible disc, said disc having a through opening, said quill being frictionally received in said opening so as to be rotatable with respect to the disc about the longitudinal axis of the quill against the frictional restraint of the walls of the opening against the quill, said disc having a through slit said slit extending from adjacent said opening to the periphery of the disc, said quill of about the same diameter from the free end thereof to the disc to enable the disc to be slid along and off the quill, and'an element having an elongated portion and a'portion detachably engaging the free end of the quill and engageable in the opening of the disc, whereby said disc may be slid along the quill until it engages the second named portion of said element and thereafter said quill may be freed from said disc and the wound tress held flattened between said element and said Y disc.

9.For use in conjunction with a waving unit comprising in combination an elongated quill and a flexible disc, said disc having a through opening, said quill-being frictionally received in said opening so as to be rotatable with respect to the disc about the longitudinal axis of the quill against the frictional restraint of the walls of the opening against the quill, said disc having a through slit to receive a tress of hair wound helically along the length of the quill from the distal to the proximal end of the tress and from the free end of the quill to the end of the quill at the disc: an element having an elongated portion and a portion detachably engaging the free end of the quill and engageable in the opening of the disc whereby said disc may be slid along the quill until it engages the second named portion of said element and thereafter said quill may be freed from said disc and the Wound tress held flattened between said element and said disc.

'10. An element as set forth in claim 9 for use with a quill having a hollow free end, the second named portion of said element comprising a member perpendicular to the first named portion and frictionally receivable in the hollow end 0! the quill.

11. A thin flexible disc for use in permanently waving hair on the human head, said disc having a through circular aperture and a through slit whichextends from adjacent said aperture to the periphery of the disc, and a projection integral with and extending radially away from the periphery of the disc adjacent the slit.

12 A thin flexible disc for use in permanently waving hair on the human head, said disc hav- References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,001,238 Boals sl May 14, 1935 2,173,872 Barnes Sept. 26, 1939 2,397,908 Altman Apr. 9, 1946 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 421,453 Great Britain Dec. 20, 1934

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