US2640172A - Hyperfrequency vacuum tube - Google Patents

Hyperfrequency vacuum tube Download PDF

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Publication number
US2640172A
US2640172A US59153A US5915348A US2640172A US 2640172 A US2640172 A US 2640172A US 59153 A US59153 A US 59153A US 5915348 A US5915348 A US 5915348A US 2640172 A US2640172 A US 2640172A
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Prior art keywords
electron beam
resonator
apertures
tube
vacuum tube
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Expired - Lifetime
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US59153A
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English (en)
Inventor
Touraton Emile
Dumousseau Claude
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International Standard Electric Corp
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International Standard Electric Corp
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Publication date
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/32—Tubes with plural reflection, e.g. Coeterier tube

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to ultra high frequency tubes and particularly to tubes of the velocity modulation type operating as oscillators.
  • Oscillator tubes of the velocity modulation type sometimes comprise an electron gun generating an electron beam which flows through either input and output resonators or a coaxial resonator and strikes a collector electrode.
  • Such vacuum tubes usually have a small modulation band and a low efiiciency.
  • Reflect oscillator vacuum tubes are well known in the art.
  • Such vacuum tubes usually comprise an electron gun generating an electron beam which flows firstly through a resonator, is reflected at the output of said resonator and then flows a second time through this resonator in the opposite direction.
  • the electron beam is velocity modulated, the electrons of the, beam are bunched at the output of the resonator and give up part of their energy during their second passage through the resonator.
  • Such vacuum tubes have a narrow modulation frequency band and, owing to their low efficiency, it is not possible to damp suiiiciently the resonating volume in order to increase the band-width.
  • the electrons flow back towards the cathode there is a risk of deterioration of the cathode and of generating secondary emission which increases the background noise of the tube.
  • One object of the present invention is the manufacture of a very wide band oscillator tube of the velocity modulator type for extremely high frequencies.
  • An increase in the efliciency makes it possible to widen the useful frequency band by damping the resonating cavity.
  • One object of the invention is a coaxial type vacuum tube having a very wide band width at very high frequencies.
  • the electron beam flows several times through the coaxial resonator while it progressively draws away from its initial course under the action of two reflecting electrodes.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a wide band velocity modulation type oscillator of the reflex type.
  • the electron beam is successively reflected between the output and input of the cavity resonator.
  • the electron beam thus flows several times through the resonator, drawing away from its original direction. In this way it is also possible to avoid the return of the electrons towards the emissive cathode.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic cross section of a vacuum tube incorporating features of the invention.
  • Figs. 2 and 3 show schematically grids which may be used in the vacuum tube shown in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 4 is a large scale cross section of a vacuum tube incorporating features of the invention.
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic cross section of a vacuum tube incorporating features of the invention.
  • Fig. 6 shows an enlarged longitudinal cross section of an embodiment incorporating features of p the invention
  • Fig. '7 is a cross section along line 1-1 of Fig. 6.
  • l is a glass vessel which can be evacuated, inside this glass envelope is an electron gun comprising an annular emissive cathode 2, whose potential will be considered as the reference potential for the remainde of the description and a concentrating electrode 3 brought to an appropriate potential.
  • the central longitudinal axis of the electron beam generated by the electron gun is also the axis of symmetry of the tube structure.
  • the electron beam converges into an opening 5 provided in an electrode 6, brought to a positive potential, and into an opening 1 provided in an electrode 8, brought to a negative potential and located after electrode 6 and at a short distance therefrom.
  • the electron beam then diverges and flows 2.
  • first time through a resonating cavity 9 through two of the openings [0 and H.
  • Grids l2 and [3 are respectively mounted on the same level as openings It and II.
  • the plane of these grids l2 and I3 is perpendicular to the axis of the electron beam. They may be of any appropriate shape but two particular embodiments will be described in relation with Figs. 2 and 3.
  • the electron beam is then reflected, after flowing through grid i3, by the electrical field set up by electrode l4 whose plane is perpendicular to the axis of the electron beam and which is at a negative potential with respect to the cathode.
  • the electron beam again flows through the two windows H and I0 and grids l3 and I2.
  • After leaving grid I2 the electron beam is again reflected by electrode 8 brought to a negative potential.
  • the beam flows again through openings I0 and H, is reflected by electrode 13 and this to andfro movement continues for a number of times through openings I I! and I I until the electron beam is collected by the wall of the resonating volume 9.
  • the electron beam retains the shape of a-surface of revolution about its controlv axis.
  • the sections of the beam at the level of grids I2 and I3 are in the shape of rings which increase in diameter at each passage through the grids.
  • Fig. 2' shows schematically a grid used at and I3. in the tube shown on 1. prises in particular two concentric rings connected by radial'rods I 6.
  • Fig.3 shows another grid which may also be used with the tube shown on 1.
  • This grid comprises a number of concentric rings ll of increasing diameter connected by rods it, three for example.
  • the distance between two successive rings IT is chosen so as to permit the passage of the electron layer and its return after reflection.
  • Fig; l' is an enlarged scale cross section of an embodiment incorporating features of the invention.
  • the tube shown in this figure comprises an electron gun, with an annular emissive cathode I9; and a concentrating electrode 291' Two focussing electrodes 2! and 22 are provided after the electron gun. trodes are held'in place inside the tube by sup porting members of mica, for instance, such as 23which is held'in place by, rods or prongs-24'.
  • the cavity resonator 25 is sealed to the. glass envelope 26 which holds the' electron gun and focussing electrodes 21 and 22.
  • the outside glass envelope 2.! is sealedto the other wall of resonator. 25' and holds the reflecting electrode 29' by means or" a rod 28. are similar to .those'shown in Fig. 3.
  • the vacuum tube shown comprises. essentially an electron gun 32, a .coaxialresonator 33, two reflecting electrodes 34-, and 35.
  • The. electron gun32l comprisesfor example. an emissive cathode 3 6. whose. poten- It com- These various elec-- tial will be considered as a reference potential for the rest of the description, and a concentrating electrode 3'! brought to an appropriate potential.
  • the coaxial resonator 33 is constituted by anoutside conductor 38 and-an.inside conduct'or 39 provided with windows so as to allow the electron beam to flow through.
  • the coaxial resonator is brought to a positive potential with respect to the cathode and the two reflecting electrodes 34' and 35 to negative potentials as shown on the drawing.
  • the electrons from the electron gun flow through the resonator, and are then reflected-by the reflecting electrode 3!. Theseelectrons are. reflected back into the resonator in which they flow in the reverse direction.
  • The'electron' gun 32 is slightly aslant in order that the reflected electron beam should notfollowv the same path as at its first passage, but flows in a direction: slightly different from its initial-direction.
  • the electronbeam thus flows to and fro. a number oftimes between reflectors 34 and. 35.- At each of these successive passages through the windows of the coaxial structure 38" and 39', an interaction takes place between the electron beam and' the electromagnetic wave set up inside the coaxial structure. During the successive passages of the electron beam concurrent modulation effects take place which produce a high resultant modulation-
  • the windows provided on theoutside'of conductor'38' may be providedwith grids 4i! and'4l'.
  • may be kept low, and
  • Fig. 6 is an enlarged" longitudinal cross sec' tion of an'osci-llator incorporating the features shown in Fig; 5, and Fig. '7' is a cross section along line l''I"of Fig. 6.
  • the electron beam is generated by a cathode 42 whose emissive surface is slightly aslantwith respect to the vertical axis of the tube.
  • A' concentrating electrode. t4 is providedopposite. the cathode. 42 so as'to produce a narrow electron beam.
  • An annularmetal disc' il is'weld'ed to the envelope -45 and to a glass cover" 48 surrounding the coaxial conductor 49*.
  • the coaxial conductor it is fixed to the said annular disc dlwhich is also used-forthe'mounting'of the different members" of the tube.
  • the other electrodes are connected to prong. 48 by wires 50: and 4
  • These grids maybe. constituted by. a meta-lwire meshor by smallzsized wires appro priately, arranged. In some cases these grids may be disposed with. When theyareusedthey.
  • a velocity modulation tube comprising a conductive housing defining a cavity resonator, said housing having aligned apertures in opposite walls thereof, means including an electron gun mounted outside said cavity resonator at an angle to the alignment axis of the apertures, for projecting a beam through said apertures, the beam being angularly disposed with respect to their alignment axis, and means for reflecting the beam back and forth through said cavity including a pair of reflector electrodes mounted outside said housing and respectively overlying said apertures, whereby the beam after projection through said apertures is reflected by and between said reflector electrodes to flow back and forth through said cavity in displaced paths.
  • a velocity modulation tube comprising a conductive housing defining a cavity resonator, said housing having aligned apertures in opposite walls thereof, means including an electron gun mounted outside said cavity resonator, for projecting a beam through said apertures angularly disposed with respect to their alignment axis, said electron gun including a cathode electrode having an emitting surface of substantially annular configuration and a pair of reflector electrodes mounted outside said housing and respectively overlying said apertures, whereby the beam after projection through said apertures is reflected by and between said reflector electrodes to flow back and forth through said cavity in displaced paths.
  • a velocity modulation tube comprising a conductive housing defining a cavity resonator, said housing having aligned apertures in opposite walls thereof, grid electrodes disposed substantially within the confines of each of the apertures contained in said housing, means including an electron gun mounted outside said cavity resonator, for projecting a beam through said apertures angularly disposed with respect to their alignment axis, and a pair of reflector electrodes mounted outside said housing and respectively overlying said apertures, whereby the beam after projection through said apertures is reflected by and between said reflector electrodes to flow back and forth through said cavity in displaced paths.
  • a velocity modulation tube comprising a conductive housing defining a cavity resonator, said housing having aligned apertures in opposite walls thereof, means including an electron gun mounted outside said cavity resonator and positioned adjacent one edge of one of said apertures, for projecting a beam through said apertures angularly disposed with respect to their alignment axis, and a pair of reflector electrodes mounted outside said housing and respectively overlying said apertures, whereby the beam after projection through said apertures is reflected by and between said reflector electrodes to flow back and forth through said cavity in displaced paths.

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US59153A 1947-11-15 1948-11-09 Hyperfrequency vacuum tube Expired - Lifetime US2640172A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2640172X 1947-11-15

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US2640172A true US2640172A (en) 1953-05-26

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US59153A Expired - Lifetime US2640172A (en) 1947-11-15 1948-11-09 Hyperfrequency vacuum tube

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US (1) US2640172A (fr)
FR (1) FR958203A (fr)

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1962195A (en) * 1929-05-02 1934-06-12 American Telephone & Telegraph Method and apparatus for the generation of electric oscillations
US2190511A (en) * 1938-03-01 1940-02-13 Gen Electric Ultra short wave system
US2227376A (en) * 1938-05-20 1940-12-31 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Electrical converter
US2259690A (en) * 1939-04-20 1941-10-21 Univ Leland Stanford Junior High frequency radio apparatus
US2402983A (en) * 1941-11-26 1946-07-02 Raytheon Mfg Co Electronic discharge tube
US2459805A (en) * 1941-12-12 1949-01-25 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron discharge device of the velocity modulation type
US2462869A (en) * 1946-02-23 1949-03-01 Raytheon Mfg Co Electron discharge device
US2468152A (en) * 1943-02-09 1949-04-26 Sperry Corp Ultra high frequency apparatus of the cavity resonator type
US2482769A (en) * 1944-12-28 1949-09-27 Sperry Corp High-frequency apparatus

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1962195A (en) * 1929-05-02 1934-06-12 American Telephone & Telegraph Method and apparatus for the generation of electric oscillations
US2190511A (en) * 1938-03-01 1940-02-13 Gen Electric Ultra short wave system
US2227376A (en) * 1938-05-20 1940-12-31 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Electrical converter
US2259690A (en) * 1939-04-20 1941-10-21 Univ Leland Stanford Junior High frequency radio apparatus
US2402983A (en) * 1941-11-26 1946-07-02 Raytheon Mfg Co Electronic discharge tube
US2459805A (en) * 1941-12-12 1949-01-25 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron discharge device of the velocity modulation type
US2468152A (en) * 1943-02-09 1949-04-26 Sperry Corp Ultra high frequency apparatus of the cavity resonator type
US2482769A (en) * 1944-12-28 1949-09-27 Sperry Corp High-frequency apparatus
US2462869A (en) * 1946-02-23 1949-03-01 Raytheon Mfg Co Electron discharge device

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FR958203A (fr) 1950-03-06

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