US2638504A - High-frequency electrical device having gastight envelopes - Google Patents

High-frequency electrical device having gastight envelopes Download PDF

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Publication number
US2638504A
US2638504A US701542A US70154246A US2638504A US 2638504 A US2638504 A US 2638504A US 701542 A US701542 A US 701542A US 70154246 A US70154246 A US 70154246A US 2638504 A US2638504 A US 2638504A
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United States
Prior art keywords
envelope
resonator
waveguide
section
envelopes
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Expired - Lifetime
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US701542A
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English (en)
Inventor
Pearce Albert Frederick
Barford Norman Charles
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EMI Ltd
Electrical and Musical Industries Ltd
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EMI Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of US2638504A publication Critical patent/US2638504A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P7/00—Resonators of the waveguide type
    • H01P7/06—Cavity resonators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/08—Dielectric windows
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J31/00—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type

Definitions

  • This invention relates to high frequency electrical devices having gas-tight envelopes and particularly, but not exclusively, to electron discharge devices employing cavity resonators.
  • two constructions are sometimes employed.
  • the glass envelope of the device is sealed to the outer walls of the resonator leaving part of the resonator exposed to the atmosphere.
  • a short length of waveguide is connected to the exposed part of the resonator to enclose an aperture therein and a glass seal is then applied transversely of the waveguide so as to make the resonator gas-tight, the resonator in this construction thus forming part of the envelope of the device.
  • a concentric line having a coupling loop in the resonator is provided which projects from the resonator through a vacuum seal. In this case the resonator may be totally enclosed Within an envelope, the resonator thus not forming part of t-he envelope. 1
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an improved construction of device in which electromagnetic waves can be transmitted through the envelope without the necessity of making vacuum-tight seals in the path along which the waves are transmitted and in which the escape of waves such as might arise in said prior proposal is reduced or avoided.
  • a high frequency electrical device comprising a gas-tight insulating envelope through which it is desired to transmit electromagnetic waves of given frequency wherein said waves are transmitted by a section of waveguide within the envelope and extending to the interior side thereof and by a co-operating section of waveguide on the exterior side of the envelope and wherein, in order to reduce substantially the escape of said waves at the discontinuity in the path of said waves due to the presence of the envelope between the adjacent ends of said sections, said adjacent ends are so dimensioned as to present a low impedance at the operatingfre quency at said discontinuity.
  • a high frequency electrical device comprising a gas-tight insulating envelope and a hollow conductor within said envelope adapted to contain high frequency electromagnetic waves of given frequency, said hollow conductor having an aperture therein which lies adjacent to the interior side of said envelope and on'the exterior side of said envelope a section of waveguide is provided surrounding said aperture so that electromagnetic waves can pass from said aperture to the section of waveguide or vice versa and wherein, in order to reduce substantially the escape of said waves at the discontinuity in the path of said waves due to the presence of the envelope between the aperture and said section of waveguide the wall of said hollow conductor surrounding said aperture andv the adjacent end of said section of waveguide are, so dimensioned as to present a low impedance at the operating frequency at the discontinuity.
  • the present invention thus provides means whereby electromagnetic waves can be transmitted through an insulating envelope without the necessity of providing vacuum-tight seals in the path along which the waves are transmitted, and moreover, a construction in which the escape of said waves due to the presence of the envelope is substantially reduced.
  • the invention is especially applicable to devices including within the gas-tight envelope a cavity resonator and in this case an aperture in the cavity resonator may be surrounded by the length of waveguide.
  • the resonator may be arranged to lie against the envelope the section of waveguide on the exterior side of the envelope surrounding the aperture in the resonator.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the invention as applied to an electron discharge device embodying a hollow resonator
  • Figure 2 is a section taken along the line 22 of Figure 1, and
  • Figure 3 illustrates a modification of the flanges employed in Figures 1 and 2 for reducing the escape of energy at the envelope of the device.
  • the. reference numeral 9' indicates a cavity resonator which. is arranged entirely within an envelope 2 of glass or. other suitable insulating material- It is necessary to maintain the space within the envelope gas or vacuum-tight and in order to apply to. or abstract high frequency electromagnetic waves from the resonator I without the use of elements which pass through the envelope 2- giving rise to the necessity of vacuum-tight seals, the resonator I is provided with a length of waveguide 30f any suitablefcrm in cross-section such as. of rectangular or circular form or of flared. formand which surrounds an aperture 4 inthe resonator IV to or from which. energy can flow.
  • the length. of waveguide 3 is such that the end thereof remote.
  • a co-operating length of. waveguide '5 is provided arranged coaxially with the section. 3..
  • These two sections are not sealed to the envelope and since the envelope passes between the sections the space within the envelope is maintained vacuum or gas-tight without the necessity of seals along. the length of the sections 3: and 5 It is of course not necessary that thesections 3 and Eabut against the envelope although. the ends of these sections are preferably shaped to conform to the configuration of the envelope 2- and are disposed as close thereto as possible. In order to prevent or reduce the tendency for energy to escape at the discontinuity in the waveguide sections 3.
  • these ends are dimensioned so as to present a low impedance to said energy at the operating frequency.
  • these ends are provided with flanges 5 and. l respectively, the flanges each being of a width equal to where x is the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves in the material of which the envelope is made and n is any whole number including zero.
  • Flanges having such dimensions constitute in effect a transmission line which is open-circuited at" itsen'd remote from the waveguide sections and appears therefore to be short-ci-rcuited at the waveguide sections, thus providing said low impedance.
  • the thickness of the envelope should of course be kept as small as possible.
  • electromagnetic waves can pass from the resonator through the section 3 through the envelope 2 and into the section 5 or vice versa withrvery little loss.
  • the waveguide section 3 can be omitted and the resonator l disposed close tothe inner surface of the envelope 2, electromagnetic waves then passing from the aperture 4 through the envelope 2 and into the waveguide section 5.
  • the aperture will then be provided with a flange to co-operate with the flange I of the waveguide section 5 if the wall of the resonator is not (so-extensive with the flange 1.
  • the envelope is made, of the energy transmitted through the waveguide, whilst the portion of the flange 7 beyond the recess 8' is also arranged to be of the same radial length.
  • the recess 8 provides in effect a transmission. line which is short-circuited at its end; remote from the envelope and. thereriore presents at the envelope a high impedance which is reflected asa low impedance at the inner surfaces of sections 3 andfi andso causesthe net impedance at that. point to appear lower than the low impedance obtained with the.
  • The. portion of the flange i beyond therecess. serves as a. quarter wave open transmission line presenting. a low impedance in effective series relation with said high impedance at the open end of recess 8.
  • the flange 6' on the waveguide section. 3' is ex.- tended as indicated so. as to be co-extensive with. the periphery of the flange 1 Where standing Waves are present in the waveguide due for example to mismatching of. the debe understood that the invention is not limited in its application to such. devices as it can be applied to other devices employing cavity resonators, or to other devices where it is necessary to. transmit high. frequency electromagnetic waves through a vacuum or gas-filled envelope.
  • a high frequency electrical. device adapted to operate at a given frequency comprising two aligned hollow conductors adapted to transmit. electromagnetic waves therethrough, dielectric material separating said conductors, and. means for presenting a low impedance at the; operating frequency between said conductors at: the inner surface thereof, said: means including parallel:
  • one of said flanges being provided with a. recesshaving a depth equal to. a quarter wavelengthv in air at the operating frequency and having its. open end located at a distance from said inner surface 1 substantially equal to; a quarter wavelength at the operating frequency in said dielectric material, to provide a high impedance across said open end of said recess, the total Width of each of said flanges being equal to a half wavelength at the operating frequency in said dielectric material, whereby the quarter wave open transmission line section formed by the portions of said flanges outwardly from said recess provides, at said open end, a low impedance in series with said recess and the other of said flanges.
  • said dielectric material is a solid dielectric member in contact with said flanges.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
US701542A 1943-06-11 1946-10-05 High-frequency electrical device having gastight envelopes Expired - Lifetime US2638504A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB2638504X 1943-06-11

Publications (1)

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US2638504A true US2638504A (en) 1953-05-12

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US701542A Expired - Lifetime US2638504A (en) 1943-06-11 1946-10-05 High-frequency electrical device having gastight envelopes

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US (1) US2638504A (en:Method)
FR (1) FR944067A (en:Method)
SE (1) SE125124C1 (en:Method)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2881401A (en) * 1954-01-12 1959-04-07 Gen Electric Waveguide window
US2989741A (en) * 1955-07-22 1961-06-20 Epsco Inc Information translating apparatus and method

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2511812A1 (fr) * 1981-08-21 1983-02-25 Thomson Csf Commutateur d'ondes electromagnetiques

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2090033A (en) * 1932-11-11 1937-08-17 Meaf Mach En Apparaten Fab Nv Short wave discharge tube
US2122538A (en) * 1935-01-22 1938-07-05 American Telephone & Telegraph Wave amplifier
US2155508A (en) * 1936-10-31 1939-04-25 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Wave guide impedance element and network
US2223082A (en) * 1936-05-19 1940-11-26 Int Standard Electric Corp High frequency transmission system
US2351895A (en) * 1940-05-11 1944-06-20 Allerding Alfred Electron tube device for ultra short waves
US2364732A (en) * 1940-02-20 1944-12-12 Patelhold Patentverwertung Ultra high frequency generator
US2402540A (en) * 1941-08-26 1946-06-25 Gen Electric Co Ltd Electrical apparatus adapted to operate at very high frequencies
US2403303A (en) * 1943-02-25 1946-07-02 Rca Corp Ultra high frequency apparatus
US2403302A (en) * 1943-02-25 1946-07-02 Rca Corp Ultra high frequency apparatus
US2419049A (en) * 1943-03-29 1947-04-15 Westinghouse Electric Corp Metal supported glass window
US2454761A (en) * 1942-11-20 1948-11-30 Sperry Corp Ultra high frequency device
US2473724A (en) * 1943-09-24 1949-06-21 Westinghouse Electric Corp Ultra high frequency coupler between contiguous ends of aligned wave guide sections

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2090033A (en) * 1932-11-11 1937-08-17 Meaf Mach En Apparaten Fab Nv Short wave discharge tube
US2122538A (en) * 1935-01-22 1938-07-05 American Telephone & Telegraph Wave amplifier
US2223082A (en) * 1936-05-19 1940-11-26 Int Standard Electric Corp High frequency transmission system
US2155508A (en) * 1936-10-31 1939-04-25 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Wave guide impedance element and network
US2364732A (en) * 1940-02-20 1944-12-12 Patelhold Patentverwertung Ultra high frequency generator
US2351895A (en) * 1940-05-11 1944-06-20 Allerding Alfred Electron tube device for ultra short waves
US2402540A (en) * 1941-08-26 1946-06-25 Gen Electric Co Ltd Electrical apparatus adapted to operate at very high frequencies
US2454761A (en) * 1942-11-20 1948-11-30 Sperry Corp Ultra high frequency device
US2403303A (en) * 1943-02-25 1946-07-02 Rca Corp Ultra high frequency apparatus
US2403302A (en) * 1943-02-25 1946-07-02 Rca Corp Ultra high frequency apparatus
US2419049A (en) * 1943-03-29 1947-04-15 Westinghouse Electric Corp Metal supported glass window
US2473724A (en) * 1943-09-24 1949-06-21 Westinghouse Electric Corp Ultra high frequency coupler between contiguous ends of aligned wave guide sections

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2881401A (en) * 1954-01-12 1959-04-07 Gen Electric Waveguide window
US2989741A (en) * 1955-07-22 1961-06-20 Epsco Inc Information translating apparatus and method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR944067A (fr) 1949-03-25
SE125124C1 (en:Method) 1949-06-07

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