US2638423A - Method and apparatus for continuously plating irregularly shaped objects - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for continuously plating irregularly shaped objects Download PDFInfo
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- US2638423A US2638423A US112308A US11230849A US2638423A US 2638423 A US2638423 A US 2638423A US 112308 A US112308 A US 112308A US 11230849 A US11230849 A US 11230849A US 2638423 A US2638423 A US 2638423A
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- objects
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/54—Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
- Y10T29/53313—Means to interrelatedly feed plural work parts from plural sources without manual intervention
Definitions
- This invention relates to the art of the deposition of metals. More particularly, it relates'to the coating of small metal objects ofirregular shape. Still more particularly it relates to the plating of objects by the deposition of metal from readily decomposed metal bearing compounds and apparatus for carrying out the process.
- Depositing of thin films of metals such as iron, nickel, cobalt, and so forth, upon metal bases has been accomplished in the past by enclosing and object to be plated in a chamber, charging the chamber with a decomposable metal-bearing gas and heating the object to the decomposition temperature for said metal-bearing gas.
- the material is thin metal sheet.
- This fiat material is brought to the gas decomposition temperature by ,resistance heaters placed on the underside of the sheet.
- the upper side of the sheet is exposed to the decomposablegases, and a metallic coating is deposited upon only one side of the metal sheet.
- This metal sheet is brought into and outoi-the-plating chamber by passing the sheet'through a'water bath which-acts as a seal forthegas chamber. 1
- a still further object'of; this invention isto.” provide apparatus which allows continuous movement of objects into the plating zone without passing through a metal wetting seal.
- Another object of this invention is to provide a new style look for plating chambers which allows ingress of objects without danger of escapeof toxic gases into the outside atmosphere.
- Another object is to provide apparatus having a single chamber divided into segments by a simple divider mechanism which, in conjunction with control of gas pressure, seals the apparatus against leakage of plating gas.
- the atmosphere in the plating chamber may be maintained either at pressures above atmospheric or at pressures below atmospheric maintained by suction or'vacuum drawn on the chamber.
- the vapors are, generally diluted with an inert gas, carbon dioxide, helium, nitrogen, hydrogen, the; gaseous product of controlled burning of hydrocarbon gases free of oxygen, and the like, have been utilized as a carrier medium as well as being the inert gas medium utilized in the nonplating operation.
- the use of hydrogen is preferred, as for example, in the cleaning anneal chamber Where its ability to act as a reducing bonyls, for example, cobalt nitrosyl carbonyl; hy
- drides such as antimony hydride, tin hydride; metal alkyls, such as chromypphlorideaand carbonyl halogens, for example, osmium carbonyl bromide, ruthenium carbonyl chloride, and the like.
- Each material r from which a unetal may be plated has a temperature atwhich-decomposition is -complete.
- decomposition -- ma-ytake placeslowlw-ata lower temperature orwhile the vaporsarebeing-raised in temperature through some particular-range.
- a large number of the-metal carbonyls-and-hydrides may be-effectively-- and eilicientl-y decomposed at atemperaturein the range of 350 F.-to
- the invention will be more filearlyzunderstw fromt e:f l ow n d ser ti nninn embodiment of, the apparatus and-,its, mode of ;.ope rzaft ion.
- t Figurefi is a perspectiverview of the :continuous bflltand the: supports for. thezfixtures lEi iuifej Gi h plan Y-ieW Ofime uppemplatinghpor- 4 tion of the apparatus with the roof cut away over various locks and chambers;
- Figure 7 is a View along the line II-71 of Figure 6;
- Figure' 8 is a; perspective view cfthe drive and continuous belt path arrangement whereby objects are carried through various baths;
- Figures 9 and 10 are enlarged views of the re- ;silient partition, gas locks showing the progress :of an object throughsaid lock and Figure 1l.-.;is;an; elevational view of the foot control for the apparatus actuated by the operator 1oacling and unloading fixtures.
- Objects, iii are mounted on fixtures H which arecarried by a continuous belt 52 such as a chain belt.
- Belt i2 is supported and actuated by sprockets is and l mounted on framework i5.
- unit I5 is a-series of tanks 39 to 36, inclusive, --enclosed' in a housing 31. *Housing e'l carriesthebearings- BS audits for shafts 26 and for shaftsl 8, respectively.
- compartment Jll is adapted for heating the objects in an inert atmosphere.
- Compartment ll is closed-at the ends with locks 44 and 2 5' and the lockpartition framework Mu andjfiSa, :respectively, and has a glassitop side ldthrough which infrared heating raysxmay' be 'directed'jfrom lamps ii.
- Compartment is provided-with'gaseous inlet and outlet uct 48 a d v.LCIomnartment 42 is, similar to. compartments 4
- compartment 42 isof double ;-cons.t-r1 1ction as illustrated, in, Figure '7.
- compartment as illustrated, consists, ofta r tan ular CrOSs ,1sect onal;.ccznlui v 5
- Within the ;-conduit g5! is-asmaller conduit-52 of. rectangular cross section. Each :of .these conduits is provided .with :a glass topwhen infrared" heatingis utilized.
- Conduit 52 is --the -:p1ating chamber through which belt I2 conveysobiects H].
- Conduit 52 is provided with inlet and outlet gas conduits -53 andi5'4.
- spaee:;hetweemconduits-j I and-152 is -prgs1 vided with in ress lationofinertgas.
- compartment is 'i-prouideu with-gas: i iletuandzaowte let iconduitsifil :and fl.
- Each arm is made up of two half sections,-:'or-
- object is roontactmgarms (E'ieurealthftherohieotris zeiear of arm lzzpermitting theta-rm close sand thus prevents iineresssof 1am.
- roontactmgarms E'ieurealthftherohieotris zeiear of arm lzzpermitting theta-rm close sand thus prevents iineresssof 1am.
- thererare two orxmore 'armsrhlosingrthesentmnoeor-sexit :to gas 'transierzdurihg-athe massa e 510i an.
- the belt carries the headthnoueh ardeereasma chamber '35 where it is washed with greaseisob vents such as light qnaphtlia.v
- the ,belt then moves the object through ,a1caustio bathlin'tank 35, which may consist of '4 normalwsoldiuih .hy-
- a method of plating objects by the: deposition of metal from heat-decomposable metal compounds which comprises the steps of conveying said objects to be plated while maintained in spaced relationship with respect to each other;
- said gaseous metalcompound being selected from the group consisting of the gaseous metal carbonyls of chromium, nickel, iron, molybdenum, cobalt and mixtures thereof, and subjecting said objects to an inert gaseous cooling medium after movement of the same through said plating chamber and before conveying said plated objects into the open atmosphere.
- a method of plating objects by the deposition of metal from heat-decomposable metal compounds which comprises the steps of conveying said objects to be plated while maintained in spaced relationship with respect to each other through a plating chamber, circulating gaseous material through said plating chamber at least a portion of which comprises a heat-decomposable metal compound, heating said objects by contacting the same with a hot inert gaseous medium prior to entering said plating chamber, said objects being heated to a temperature sufficient to cause decomposition of said gaseous metal compound in said plating chamber and deposition o-f metal on said objects while the same are conveyed through said chamber, said gaseous metal compound consisting of nickel carbonyl, and subjecting said objects to an inert gaseous cooling medium after movement or the same through said plating chamber and before conveying said plated objects into the open atmosphere.
- a method of plating objects by the deposition of metal from heat-decomposable metal compounds which comprises the steps of conveying said objects to be plated while maintained in spaced relationship with respect to each other through a plating chamber, circulating gaseous material through said plating chamber at least a portion of which comprises a heat-decomposable metal compound, heating said objects by contacting the same with a hot inert gaseous medium prior to entering said plating chamber, said objects being heated to a temperature sufficient tocause decomposition of said gaseous metal compound in said plating chamber and deposition of metal on said objects while the same are conveyed through said chamber, said gaseous metal compound consisting of chromium carbonyl, and subjecting said objects to an inert gaseous cooling medium after movement of the same through said plating chamber and before conveying said plated objects into the open atmosphere.
- a method of plating objects by the depocompounds comprising conveying said objects to be plated while heated through a chamber in which is circulated a heat-decomposable metal compound, the improvement which consists in preheating said objects to a temperature surficient to decompose said heat-decomposable metal compound in the plating chamber by subjecting said objects while the same are conveyed along toward said plating'chamber to an inert hot gaseous medium, thereafter conveying said preheated objects into said plating chamber to cause decomposition of said heat-decomposable metal compound and deposition of metal on said objects, and cooling the plated objects after passage of the same from said chamber by subjecting said objects to an inert gaseous cooling medium.
- apparatus for continuously plating objects of irregular shape comprising an endless belt; fixtures carried by said belt for holding objects thereon in spaced relation; guides for said belt directing its travel through a plating chamber; mechanical locks limiting gaseous movement at the inlet and outlet of said chamber; said locks comprising spaced flexible walls having a separable portion therein for the passage therethrough of objects to be plated; heating means for said objects; and inlet and outlet means for introducing and removing gaseous material from said chamber.
- apparatus for continuously plating objects of irregular shape comprising an endless belt; fixtures carried by said belt for holding objects thereon in spaced relation; guides for said belt directing its travel through conduits joined in series; mechanical locks limiting ingress and egress of gaseous material from each conduit; said locks comprising spaced flexible walls having a separable portion therein for the passage therethrough of objects to be placed; heating means associated with one of said conduits; and inlet and outlet means for introducing and removing gaseous material from each conduit.
- apparatus for continuously plating objects comprising an endless belt; fixtures carried by said belt for holding objects thereon in spaced relation; a series of tanks; guides for said belt directing the belt in a path carrying the objects into and out of each tank; a drying chamber; means in said drying chamber for reversing the direction of said belt; conduits adapted to have the belt travel therethrough in series; mechanical locks limiting ingress and egress of gaseous material from each conduit; said locks comprising spaced flexible walls having a separable portion therein for the passage therethrough of objects to be plated; heating means associated with one of said conduits; and inlet and outlet means for introducing and removing gaseous material from each conduit.
- apparatus for continuously plating objects comprising an endless belt; fixtures carried by said belt for holding objects thereon in spaced relation; guides for said belt directing its travel through an elongated chamber; mechanical locks at the inlet and outlet of said chamber and at positions dividing said chamber into segments, said locks consisting of a series of spaced flexible walls divided along the central vertical axis; heating means associsltion of metal from heat-decomposable metal F? with Segments adjacent the inlet; d
Description
May 12, 1953 O, D s ETAL 2,638,423
METHOD AND APPAR S FOR CONTINUO S Y PLATING IRREGULARLY SHAPED OBJE Filed Aug. 25, 1949 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 FIG 1 m INVENTORS N OLIVER F. s
m HANS G.BELI
ATTORNEYS n 5 s v 4, m fin I. N w a M l. 7 6 u Err E V B T 2 6 NR A e IE6 h N 3 A DAVIS ET AL 0. F. METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONTINUOUSLY PLATING IRREGULARLY SHAPED OBJECTS May 12, 1953 Flled Aug 25, 1949 Patented May 12, 1953 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONTINU- OUSLY PLATING IRREGULARLY SHAPED OBJECTS Oliver F. Davis, Troy, and Hans G. Belitz, Dayton,
Ohio, assignors to The Commonwealth Engineering Company of Ohio, Dayton, Ohio, a
corporation of Ohio Application August 25, 1949, Serial'No. 112,308 Claims. (Cl. 117-+50) This invention relates to the art of the deposition of metals. More particularly, it relates'to the coating of small metal objects ofirregular shape. Still more particularly it relates to the plating of objects by the deposition of metal from readily decomposed metal bearing compounds and apparatus for carrying out the process.
Depositing of thin films of metals such as iron, nickel, cobalt, and so forth, upon metal bases has been accomplished in the past by enclosing and object to be plated in a chamber, charging the chamber with a decomposable metal-bearing gas and heating the object to the decomposition temperature for said metal-bearing gas.
In the only process of which applicants have knowledge, whereinan object is moved in; the plating zone, the material is thin metal sheet. This fiat material is brought to the gas decomposition temperature by ,resistance heaters placed on the underside of the sheet. The upper side of the sheet is exposed to the decomposablegases, and a metallic coating is deposited upon only one side of the metal sheet. This metal sheet is brought into and outoi-the-plating chamber by passing the sheet'through a'water bath which-acts as a seal forthegas chamber. 1
. The above described operations have many disadvantages, chief of which was thediscon tinuity of the processes other than the last described. I v
In the latter operation'continuous plating was only possible dition, these strips were brought intotheplat ing chamberthrougha liquid sealing bath, which bath had the effect of wetting the surfaceoi the metal and leaving enough liquid onthe surface to interfere with good metal'deposition. J
Itv is an objectof this invention to overcome thedisadvantages andlimitations of the processes'known heretofore.
It is another object of this invention to providc a process which is continuous. g
It is a still further object of this invention to' provide a process to plate'objects other than flat surfaces on a continuous basis. a
It is another object'of this invention to provide a process wherein objects are chemically cleaned and plated and the coating rendered ductile by heating in a continuous operation which may be handled with a minimum of labor.
A still further object'of; this invention isto." provide apparatus which allows continuous movement of objects into the plating zone without passing through a metal wetting seal.
upon one side of fiat strips. in ad-.
Another object of this invention is to provide a new style look for plating chambers which allows ingress of objects without danger of escapeof toxic gases into the outside atmosphere.
It'is another object of this invention to provide a process which may be operated under either positive or negative pressure conditions.
Another object is to provide apparatus having a single chamber divided into segments by a simple divider mechanism which, in conjunction with control of gas pressure, seals the apparatus against leakage of plating gas.
Other and more specific objects and advantages will be apparent to one skilled in the artas the following description proceeds; 1
In this new process small objects are mounted in a fixture carried by a-continuous belt. This fixture supports the objects in an extended position, so that in their early travel they project downward into solution baths, then reverse their course and project upwardly, while passing through plating and annealing chambers.
In this way it is possible to get compact equipment operable with a minimum of costly manual labor. It also provides meansfor countercur-- rent movement of objects and plating gas through a plating chamber.
The atmosphere in the plating chamber may be maintained either at pressures above atmospheric or at pressures below atmospheric maintained by suction or'vacuum drawn on the chamber.
It is possible in this new process and apparatus to utilize a gaseous atmosphere formed by mixing an inert gas with the vapors of a volatile metal compound or by atomizing a liquid metal compound into a blast of hot inert gas or other equivalent method.
Thus, it is possible to use volatile metal compounds which are or can be converted into vapors either by themselves or by making solutions of the metal compound and highly volatile solvents.
When introducing the metal compounds the vapors are, generally diluted with an inert gas, carbon dioxide, helium, nitrogen, hydrogen, the; gaseous product of controlled burning of hydrocarbon gases free of oxygen, and the like, have been utilized as a carrier medium as well as being the inert gas medium utilized in the nonplating operation.
In some instances the use of hydrogen is preferred, as for example, in the cleaning anneal chamber Where its ability to act as a reducing bonyls, for example, cobalt nitrosyl carbonyl; hy
drides, such as antimony hydride, tin hydride; metal alkyls, such as chromypphlorideaand carbonyl halogens, for example, osmium carbonyl bromide, ruthenium carbonyl chloride, and the like.
Each material r from which a unetal may be plated has a temperature atwhich-decomposition is -complete. However, decomposition --=ma-ytake placeslowlw-ata lower temperature orwhile the vaporsarebeing-raised in temperature through some particular-range. For-example-nickel carbonyl completely decomposes at a temperature in the=range f"375 -'F: to400"= F. Howeven-nickel carbonyl starts to --decompose slowly at about 175 and, therefore, decomposi-tion continues during the time of heating from=200* F.=to 380 -F.
A large number of the-metal carbonyls-and-hydrides may be-effectively-- and eilicientl-y decomposed at atemperaturein the range of 350 F.-to
450 F. When working -with most metal -carbonyls we prefer to operate ---i-n -a temperature range of 37-5 F.--to-425'F.
"Maintenance -01 'the object -at temperatures generally: in the decomposition range iyreadily accomplished by-=causing= the obiecttobe heated by I infrared-- rays orby induction heating. T-he advantage --of this type of a heating w is l its ready control within 1 the temperature ranges utilized in the process. These :tem-pera-tures -generaily range irorn 350 F.-to 450F.inthe plating zones and from 800 l to 1200" F. inthe annealing zones.
',-Preparatory: to coating the objeetsi-the obj ects maybecleaned byiemploying conventional methods.-.used. in: the art, comprisingsimple coatings through: electrochemical cleaning -by moving the object through baths of alkali or acid electrolyte.
iWhen .the -objects {are =me-tal they "may --be pickled.=.withxhydrochloric,-sulfiuric or nitrimacid, or.:.a combinationsof acida and the .obiect then thoroughly rinsed .and av ashedpricruto -I further reatment.
The invention will be more filearlyzunderstw fromt e:f l ow n d ser ti nninn embodiment of, the apparatus and-,its, mode of ;.ope rzaft ion.
Inih dra n s 1 ,Figure, 1 is aperspectiye view ofthe. equipment with portions cut away to disclose the inte nal appa us a ran emen F re? is a dia mma illustration oflthe process "stepscarried out in "the apparatus of Figure l *FigureB is =an-elevational-view partly in section of the. fixture and the-shanhofan object to be plated;
Figurezijs a.-. -view; along the line-44M of' Figure 3;
tFigurefi is a perspectiverview of the :continuous bflltand the: supports for. thezfixtures lEi iuifej Gi h plan Y-ieW Ofime uppemplatinghpor- 4 tion of the apparatus with the roof cut away over various locks and chambers;
Figure 7 is a View along the line II-71 of Figure 6;
:Figure' 8;is a; perspective view cfthe drive and continuous belt path arrangement whereby objects are carried through various baths;
Figures 9 and 10 are enlarged views of the re- ;silient partition, gas locks showing the progress :of an object throughsaid lock and Figure 1l.-.;is;an; elevational view of the foot control for the apparatus actuated by the operator 1oacling and unloading fixtures.
Referring to the drawings in detail, first in connection with-Figures l and 5, there is shown objects Hl,"in' this case illustrated as heads of a ulfrclub.
Objects, iii are mounted on fixtures H which arecarried by a continuous belt 52 such as a chain belt. Belt i2 is supported and actuated by sprockets is and l mounted on framework i5.
-Framework iii ii-iterrnediate the-endsproCkEt forms abase for support of the bottomseries of units indicated at l-dinore details of which'will be'givenuponreference toFigureZ, and an upper seriesof-cha-mbers orconduits indicated at 5?, more details of which will be given withrelation to Figuresfi and 7 Sprocket 43 is in an enclosed r-chamber it which is; providcdwith inlet'and outlet ducts i9 and "29 for introduction and removal of hot air. Sprocket i3 is the primary-drive unit for the belt I? andis driven through drive shaft-2 l and-gears 22 from a-sou-rce of power'fifi such' as an electric motor.
""Drive shaft 2-! also-carries a gearil-which meshes with a-gear25 en the-shaft 26. As indicated in Figure -8 shaft- 26 carries gears 2'! which drive gears iid which are mounted-on shaft 29 for 'directing "and driving the chain belt 12 throu h the series of tanksof unit it.
As indicated in Figure 2- unit I5 is a-series of tanks 39 to 36, inclusive, --enclosed' in a housing 31. *Housing e'l carriesthebearings- BS audits for shafts 26 and for shaftsl 8, respectively.
-=Inthe-upperportion of housing "37 is mounted the chamber unitindicated at W. This unit consists of a'number ofcompartments, herein illustra ted'with-fthree compartments M, 42 and 43.
As'in-dicatedi-n Figure-"2,- compartment Jll is adapted for heating the objects in an inert atmosphere. Compartment ll is closed-at the ends with locks 44 and 2 5' and the lockpartition framework Mu andjfiSa, :respectively, and has a glassitop side ldthrough which infrared heating raysxmay' be 'directed'jfrom lamps ii. Compartment is provided-with'gaseous inlet and outlet uct 48 a d v.LCIomnartment 42 is, similar to. compartments 4| and '43, being separatedtherefrom,bylocks 45,.and .-50. For safety in preventingleakage of toxic carbon monoxide, compartment 42 isof double ;-cons.t-r1 1ction as illustrated, in, Figure '7.
-;.'I!he compartment ,as illustrated, consists, ofta r tan ular CrOSs ,1sect onal;.ccznlui v 5| mounted inwunit l1 framework. Within the ;-conduit g5! is-asmaller conduit-52 of. rectangular cross section. Each :of .these conduits is provided .with :a glass topwhen infrared" heatingis utilized.
-0onduit 52 -=is --the -:p1ating chamber through which belt I2 conveysobiects H]. Conduit 52 is provided with inlet and outlet gas conduits -53 andi5'4.
The spaee:;hetweemconduits-j I and-152 is -prgs1 vided with in ress lationofinertgas.
The housing. 3:! iiseprovided withtaig iassrtnptfiia overizthe compartment :42: Heat :raysane direeted j into compartment 42 iirom infrared ilamps 55st,-
suspended tromtthe. lightzfixturefi Compartments is sham-orbits tturthersend: bysloek and itszpartition framework-11m; 1
compartment :is 'i-prouideu with-gas: i iletuandzaowte let iconduitsifil :and fl.
The .1oohs-.permitt'mg rpasszge of asolid obieots. carried thy the beltzare',turtheriifllustratethin rm ures 9 sand'illfl with meierenoe i110 hook/50. Eiscgnsists of spaced: Nita-11s Ems-and 2111' having resilient: arms :12,- 113,14 andazISasextenritng ithere between. 7
Each arm is made up of two half sections,-:'or-
example, ziza-zandv :Ub; Eaoh .sarmlzis ilateraliy spacedrtoiprovideraireohamhers; only'tw .iofiwhioh; are :in acommunioation. an object: massing;
through ,one :arm.
.As .i'llustratedin z'Figure .9 when, .cobiectirlzfl starts through aloe]: :itucontaets term: 512;. center Z01 separation point; :By the time ithe:
object .is roontactmgarms (E'ieurealthftherohieotris zeiear of arm lzzpermitting theta-rm close sand thus prevents iineresssof 1am. thererare :two orxmore 'armsrhlosingrthesentmnoeor-sexit :to gas 'transierzdurihg-athe massa e 510i an.
SEhe fobiert. passing: through a dock: :mustzbe securely fixed to. itsuppert detailed} rim-1s.- tration ofga fixture-m1. fiecurihgianrohjectzis shawlv inEieuresB nd =4,
the lengthvoi the platingschamber,forthedepflsiw tion of a. fixed thioknesstof: coating ton ztheiobjeot having a ce tai surfaceareat v Other variables relatedto deposition. of metal are present in thepro c.es,s ,ii 2r example, the.grinoen'tration of carbonyl vapors, fed" .0 thfl pla a chamber. Itwill be understood; therefore, that thefollowing 'iiescription unereiy is -fi1ust: 1"a't ive ofthe-oonditions which are -operative fora given bel t-speed-and tor-objects of a'g-iven size and=for plating aspecifio depth tofcoati-ne', and met hy wayuofw'timitation.
:fio1f.;o1ub heads arehnounted.tonefixturesel I got belt 12 as shown in Figure 2 at the loadingszone. he be1t- 2 marmoveat ithematerozfsz ie tim m u eh r ootofihlatiheztchamber.
The belt carries the headthnoueh ardeereasma chamber '35 where it is washed with greaseisob vents such as light qnaphtlia.v The ,belt then moves the object through ,a1caustio bathlin'tank 35, which may consist of '4 normalwsoldiuih .hy-
droxide solution. The belt then moves the v .objectthroug'h' hotlanjd cold Water rinses in'pseries.
Following rinsing'the golf club heads are dipped into 'a pickling bath in taiikfiz asjor when en aged. wine;
Menuhin-mu erdriedzinrohmnheratflwheresa elean hat-rairia assttureaofsapproximatew lmwfh'risseineulated:
The golf h ad t nassestthrongahttookmlonto oouohantmentzflmaintainedtwithzaminentratmoshheresofrearhomdioxideteas:undei'zamressureaofi bout mounds ii nohzgagei hassmg-tthmueh :reompartnmnt: 14:1: the gotftolubeheom sizheateki ttosanotoximateiyufleot E: H'he heated r'zheadaathenmasses.rthroilehjflouk 45 time thesptflingaeuwortmentifl; z'limsvoomeuartmenti. edatmoisturetuttitaizhonadioxhie:seas- .anuzmetaiseorbonui;:zsuehre miokel-icarhonyhsat argassrateon 'thesnanee ofczfi-tto 1t ouhicfifeetmen mfitmte-tmithazthe; iter tetra-mp1s,- i okeheauhottyh eontenttoi aipmoztimatehr touno'ssof harhorw huor ouhieifootz-zof-seathon oxide.
"itihesheadsxzmaiy tplartedeto savsdenhhrofzuwz ihohninta aflssecon'cltplhting-sintewflili 'ithethlzazted; headtmoues' 'hrougvh .loekzifioi'intoithereooling som partmentifiwhere'xheiheaeisecoolunza ooldxinent gaswatmospheneb xusually rcarhon fliQXide= igaL maintained under 30 mounds :nefr. square inch:
eas -r iwhema long plating iohamher isrnsedia'nd-rthe; belt atheretorv f speededgfiihe :Zbfll'ib' :r-may' :be trims/en; by aunotor eleotri-oailwoonneeted for'rnomentesrst interruption of drive to a foot pedalflflmrsarifltfitratediimhigure '1m',-'Whieh .;aisruhderetheseuntroizof the-toperator attherloadingtzonez lt-nvinazbewunoierstood rthatzimrhile :the :method' and apparatus :disolosed rdesoribosl; hemm; illustrate :a pretetredfior-moi 'iiureirtion, amortifloations lean 'bermaue wi thatttx dehartm rfmmcthe spirit of the invention, and tmottifieationfi; that fall within the. scope ofthe a ppenderi relafims are i-n-tendedwto" moulded therein.
=1. A m-ether otf platingiob ieotsi'lo tithe zelehosiftion of "metal firom heat-decomposable :metal compoimds which:oomprisos -therfibeps .;of:o-onuey,- ing *sa'zid objeets to he :plated while ;masi=ntainect in-spaoeei reiations'hip with respect toseaehnother through aplating ohambei', oireulating Egg 333G118 metat compound through said chamber, yheatine saiwobjeots by contaoti-ng the same twith a :hot gaseous -me'diumwhile the: same are conveyed thereaklong and :prior to entering chamber,
thereafter movingsaid objects -i-ntoisaid -platm chamber and subjecting the same to" a tempera:- ture sufiioienttowcause decomposition .iofpsafid gaseousmeta1-compound in said chamber and deposition o f-meta 1 on saiti-ohieets white :the
, sameareeonveyed'there along throughzsaidfiplats ing --oham ber-, and-subjecting said obj acts "to a inert gaseous =ooo1ing mediumraifter apassageof the same *from said ohamber and before said obj 861393339 conveyedintothe open atmosphere.
'92. 'Kmethod ofimating (objeets by' the-: rieposittionof metal from heat-decomposable -meta1 compounds which comprises-the steps -of convey ing 5895M objects sto be platedthrough a; plating chamber mutating-s a gaseous metal compound throughasaid charmbeiy heating-said ;;Obj0b$ bycontacting thesame-With a hot gaseousmedium prior to conveying thee'same intosaid oham10er- .to "a. temperature "S'Ii ffiCieHt to =eause -decompesistion 'ofsaid gaseous metal compound -said chamber anddeposttion-uf meta hon said obieots while the same-rare :oonteyed: atherealongithrongh said tpl'ating zchamber, conveyin -15am heated objects into said plating chamher hohauseheeomhositionsoafasaid saeeousunetalztoomoumi and .demsitmntoftmetahonraaidmhiects;who
ing said objects to an inert gaseous cooling me-' dium after passage of the same from said chamber and before said objects are conveyed into the open atmosphere, said heating being carried out in an inert atmosphere.
3. A method of plating objects by the: deposition of metal from heat-decomposable metal compounds which comprises the steps of conveying said objects to be plated while maintained in spaced relationship with respect to each other;
to cause the decomposition of said gaseous metal compound in said plating chamber and deposition of metal on said objects while the same are con-' veyed through said chamber, said gaseous metalcompound being selected from the group consisting of the gaseous metal carbonyls of chromium, nickel, iron, molybdenum, cobalt and mixtures thereof, and subjecting said objects to an inert gaseous cooling medium after movement of the same through said plating chamber and before conveying said plated objects into the open atmosphere.
4. A method of plating objects by the deposition of metal from heat-decomposable metal compounds which comprises the steps of conveying said objects to be plated while maintained in spaced relationship with respect to each other through a plating chamber, circulating gaseous material through said plating chamber at least a portion of which comprises a heat-decomposable metal compound, heating said objects by contacting the same with a hot inert gaseous medium prior to entering said plating chamber, said objects being heated to a temperature sufficient to cause decomposition of said gaseous metal compound in said plating chamber and deposition o-f metal on said objects while the same are conveyed through said chamber, said gaseous metal compound consisting of nickel carbonyl, and subjecting said objects to an inert gaseous cooling medium after movement or the same through said plating chamber and before conveying said plated objects into the open atmosphere.
5. A method of plating objects by the deposition of metal from heat-decomposable metal compounds which comprises the steps of conveying said objects to be plated while maintained in spaced relationship with respect to each other through a plating chamber, circulating gaseous material through said plating chamber at least a portion of which comprises a heat-decomposable metal compound, heating said objects by contacting the same with a hot inert gaseous medium prior to entering said plating chamber, said objects being heated to a temperature sufficient tocause decomposition of said gaseous metal compound in said plating chamber and deposition of metal on said objects while the same are conveyed through said chamber, said gaseous metal compound consisting of chromium carbonyl, and subjecting said objects to an inert gaseous cooling medium after movement of the same through said plating chamber and before conveying said plated objects into the open atmosphere.
6. In a method of plating objects by the depocompounds comprising conveying said objects to be plated while heated through a chamber in which is circulated a heat-decomposable metal compound, the improvement which consists in preheating said objects to a temperature surficient to decompose said heat-decomposable metal compound in the plating chamber by subjecting said objects while the same are conveyed along toward said plating'chamber to an inert hot gaseous medium, thereafter conveying said preheated objects into said plating chamber to cause decomposition of said heat-decomposable metal compound and deposition of metal on said objects, and cooling the plated objects after passage of the same from said chamber by subjecting said objects to an inert gaseous cooling medium.
7. In apparatus for continuously plating objects of irregular shape, the combination comprising an endless belt; fixtures carried by said belt for holding objects thereon in spaced relation; guides for said belt directing its travel through a plating chamber; mechanical locks limiting gaseous movement at the inlet and outlet of said chamber; said locks comprising spaced flexible walls having a separable portion therein for the passage therethrough of objects to be plated; heating means for said objects; and inlet and outlet means for introducing and removing gaseous material from said chamber.
8. In apparatus for continuously plating objects of irregular shape, the combination comprising an endless belt; fixtures carried by said belt for holding objects thereon in spaced relation; guides for said belt directing its travel through conduits joined in series; mechanical locks limiting ingress and egress of gaseous material from each conduit; said locks comprising spaced flexible walls having a separable portion therein for the passage therethrough of objects to be placed; heating means associated with one of said conduits; and inlet and outlet means for introducing and removing gaseous material from each conduit.
9. In apparatus for continuously plating objects the combination comprising an endless belt; fixtures carried by said belt for holding objects thereon in spaced relation; a series of tanks; guides for said belt directing the belt in a path carrying the objects into and out of each tank; a drying chamber; means in said drying chamber for reversing the direction of said belt; conduits adapted to have the belt travel therethrough in series; mechanical locks limiting ingress and egress of gaseous material from each conduit; said locks comprising spaced flexible walls having a separable portion therein for the passage therethrough of objects to be plated; heating means associated with one of said conduits; and inlet and outlet means for introducing and removing gaseous material from each conduit.
10. In apparatus for continuously plating objects the combination comprising an endless belt; fixtures carried by said belt for holding objects thereon in spaced relation; guides for said belt directing its travel through an elongated chamber; mechanical locks at the inlet and outlet of said chamber and at positions dividing said chamber into segments, said locks consisting of a series of spaced flexible walls divided along the central vertical axis; heating means associsltion of metal from heat-decomposable metal F? with Segments adjacent the inlet; d
conduit means for introducing and removing Number Name Date gaseous material from each chamber segment. 1,981,149 Parker et a1. Nov. 20, 1934 OLIVER F. DAVIS. 2,159,297 Shover 1- May 23, 1939 HANS G. BELITZ. 2,332,309 Drummond Oct. 19, 1943 5 2,344,138 Drummond Mar. 14, 1944 References Cited in the file of this patent 2,3 7,174 ki Jan 9, 1945 UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,384,500 StOll Sept. 11, 1945 Number Name Dat 2,405,662 McManus et a1. Aug. 13, 1946 9 2,442,485 Cook June 1, 1948 1,804,484 Wetmore May 12, 1931 m
Claims (1)
1. A METHOD OF PLATING OBJECTS BY THE DEPOSITION OF METAL FROM HEAT-DECOMPOSABLE METAL COMPOUNDS WHICH COMPRISES THE STEPS OF CONVEYING SAID OBJECTS TO BE PLATED WHILE MAINTAINED IN SPACED RELATIONSHIP WITH RESPECT TO EACH OTHER THROUGH A PLATING CHAMBER, CIRCULATING A GASEOUS METAL COMPOUND THROUGH SAID CHAMBER, HEATING SAID OBJECTS BY CONTACTING THE SAME WITH A HOT GASEOUS MEDIUM WHILE THE SAME ARE CONVEYED THEREALONG AND PRIOR TO ENTERING SAID CHAMBER, THEREAFTER MOVING SAID OBJECTS INTO SAID PLATING CHAMBER AND SUBJECTING THE SAME TO A TEMPERATURE SUFFICIENT TO CAUSE DECOMPOSITION OF SAID
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US112308A US2638423A (en) | 1949-08-25 | 1949-08-25 | Method and apparatus for continuously plating irregularly shaped objects |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US112308A US2638423A (en) | 1949-08-25 | 1949-08-25 | Method and apparatus for continuously plating irregularly shaped objects |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2638423A true US2638423A (en) | 1953-05-12 |
Family
ID=22343193
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US112308A Expired - Lifetime US2638423A (en) | 1949-08-25 | 1949-08-25 | Method and apparatus for continuously plating irregularly shaped objects |
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Cited By (26)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2760261A (en) * | 1952-04-17 | 1956-08-28 | Ohio Commw Eng Co | Method of bonding articles |
| US2812270A (en) * | 1954-01-28 | 1957-11-05 | Continental Can Co | Method and apparatus for depositing metal coatings on metal bases |
| US2817141A (en) * | 1953-04-14 | 1957-12-24 | Ohio Commw Eng Co | Composite metal structure |
| US2847330A (en) * | 1954-07-28 | 1958-08-12 | Ohio Commw Eng Co | Method and apparatus for gas plating printing circuits |
| US2877138A (en) * | 1956-05-18 | 1959-03-10 | Ind Rayon Corp | Method of heating a filament to produce a metal coating in a decomposable gas plating process |
| US2881094A (en) * | 1953-07-16 | 1959-04-07 | Thomas B Hoover | Process of coating with nickel by the decomposition of nickel carbonyl |
| US2881518A (en) * | 1956-11-23 | 1959-04-14 | Ohio Commw Eng Co | Continuous gas plated metal article |
| US2898235A (en) * | 1957-01-16 | 1959-08-04 | Ohio Commw Eng Co | Metal dienyl gas plating |
| US2930347A (en) * | 1956-04-13 | 1960-03-29 | Ohio Commw Eng Co | Vacuum seal for evacuated systems |
| US2933415A (en) * | 1954-12-23 | 1960-04-19 | Ohio Commw Eng Co | Nickel coated iron particles |
| US2934820A (en) * | 1954-04-15 | 1960-05-03 | Union Carbide Corp | Metal-to-metal adhesive bonding |
| US2990293A (en) * | 1956-01-13 | 1961-06-27 | Ohio Commw Eng Co | Method of impregnating and rustproofing metal articles |
| US3004866A (en) * | 1957-11-04 | 1961-10-17 | Union Carbide Corp | Method and apparatus for gas plating nickel films with uniformity of resistance |
| US3023491A (en) * | 1958-01-02 | 1962-03-06 | Union Carbide Corp | Use of dioxane as a solvent for vapor plating molybdenum, tungsten and chromium from their hexacarbonyls |
| US3030225A (en) * | 1959-05-13 | 1962-04-17 | Union Carbide Corp | Gas plating bumpers |
| US3061465A (en) * | 1959-10-09 | 1962-10-30 | Ethyl Corp | Method of metal plating with a group iv-b organometallic compound |
| US3061464A (en) * | 1959-10-09 | 1962-10-30 | Ethyl Corp | Method of metal plating with a group iv-b organometallic compound |
| US3075858A (en) * | 1958-01-21 | 1963-01-29 | Union Carbide Corp | Deposition of composite coatings by vapor phase plating method |
| US3111731A (en) * | 1958-10-17 | 1963-11-26 | Union Carbide Corp | Die construction |
| US3160517A (en) * | 1961-11-13 | 1964-12-08 | Union Carbide Corp | Method of depositing metals and metallic compounds throughout the pores of a porous body |
| US3198167A (en) * | 1961-03-10 | 1965-08-03 | Alloyd Corp | Vapor deposition device |
| US3213827A (en) * | 1962-03-13 | 1965-10-26 | Union Carbide Corp | Apparatus for gas plating bulk material to metallize the same |
| DE1274979B (en) * | 1964-08-24 | 1968-08-08 | Aluminium Coil Anodizing Corp | Transport device for a system for anodic oxidation of metal objects |
| US5002009A (en) * | 1987-03-07 | 1991-03-26 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Furnace for formation of black oxide film on the surface of thin metal sheet and method for formation of black oxide film on the surface of shadow mask material by use of said furnace |
| US6626997B2 (en) | 2001-05-17 | 2003-09-30 | Nathan P. Shapiro | Continuous processing chamber |
| US20060051512A1 (en) * | 2004-08-13 | 2006-03-09 | Orosz Gary R | Apparatus and systems for coating objects |
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| US1804484A (en) * | 1927-07-30 | 1931-05-12 | American Thermos Bottle Co | Bottle-silvering machine |
| US1981149A (en) * | 1932-09-10 | 1934-11-20 | Rogers Radio Tubes Ltd | Automatic machine for processing thermionic tubes and the like |
| US2159297A (en) * | 1932-06-26 | 1939-05-23 | Strip Tin Plate Company | Apparatus for coating metal |
| US2332309A (en) * | 1940-05-20 | 1943-10-19 | Ohio Commw Eng Co | Gaseous metal deposition |
| US2344138A (en) * | 1940-05-20 | 1944-03-14 | Chemical Developments Corp | Coating method |
| US2367174A (en) * | 1942-08-10 | 1945-01-09 | Henry A Roemer | Seal for gas pickling furnace muffles |
| US2384500A (en) * | 1942-07-08 | 1945-09-11 | Crown Cork & Seal Co | Apparatus and method of coating |
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| US2442485A (en) * | 1944-06-24 | 1948-06-01 | Frederick C Cook | Method of descaling and coating hot-rolled ferrous metal |
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| US1804484A (en) * | 1927-07-30 | 1931-05-12 | American Thermos Bottle Co | Bottle-silvering machine |
| US2159297A (en) * | 1932-06-26 | 1939-05-23 | Strip Tin Plate Company | Apparatus for coating metal |
| US1981149A (en) * | 1932-09-10 | 1934-11-20 | Rogers Radio Tubes Ltd | Automatic machine for processing thermionic tubes and the like |
| US2332309A (en) * | 1940-05-20 | 1943-10-19 | Ohio Commw Eng Co | Gaseous metal deposition |
| US2344138A (en) * | 1940-05-20 | 1944-03-14 | Chemical Developments Corp | Coating method |
| US2405662A (en) * | 1941-08-30 | 1946-08-13 | Crown Cork & Seal Co | Coating |
| US2384500A (en) * | 1942-07-08 | 1945-09-11 | Crown Cork & Seal Co | Apparatus and method of coating |
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| US2442485A (en) * | 1944-06-24 | 1948-06-01 | Frederick C Cook | Method of descaling and coating hot-rolled ferrous metal |
Cited By (27)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2760261A (en) * | 1952-04-17 | 1956-08-28 | Ohio Commw Eng Co | Method of bonding articles |
| US2817141A (en) * | 1953-04-14 | 1957-12-24 | Ohio Commw Eng Co | Composite metal structure |
| US2881094A (en) * | 1953-07-16 | 1959-04-07 | Thomas B Hoover | Process of coating with nickel by the decomposition of nickel carbonyl |
| US2812270A (en) * | 1954-01-28 | 1957-11-05 | Continental Can Co | Method and apparatus for depositing metal coatings on metal bases |
| US2934820A (en) * | 1954-04-15 | 1960-05-03 | Union Carbide Corp | Metal-to-metal adhesive bonding |
| US2847330A (en) * | 1954-07-28 | 1958-08-12 | Ohio Commw Eng Co | Method and apparatus for gas plating printing circuits |
| US2933415A (en) * | 1954-12-23 | 1960-04-19 | Ohio Commw Eng Co | Nickel coated iron particles |
| US2990293A (en) * | 1956-01-13 | 1961-06-27 | Ohio Commw Eng Co | Method of impregnating and rustproofing metal articles |
| US2930347A (en) * | 1956-04-13 | 1960-03-29 | Ohio Commw Eng Co | Vacuum seal for evacuated systems |
| US2877138A (en) * | 1956-05-18 | 1959-03-10 | Ind Rayon Corp | Method of heating a filament to produce a metal coating in a decomposable gas plating process |
| US2881518A (en) * | 1956-11-23 | 1959-04-14 | Ohio Commw Eng Co | Continuous gas plated metal article |
| US2898235A (en) * | 1957-01-16 | 1959-08-04 | Ohio Commw Eng Co | Metal dienyl gas plating |
| US3004866A (en) * | 1957-11-04 | 1961-10-17 | Union Carbide Corp | Method and apparatus for gas plating nickel films with uniformity of resistance |
| US3023491A (en) * | 1958-01-02 | 1962-03-06 | Union Carbide Corp | Use of dioxane as a solvent for vapor plating molybdenum, tungsten and chromium from their hexacarbonyls |
| US3075858A (en) * | 1958-01-21 | 1963-01-29 | Union Carbide Corp | Deposition of composite coatings by vapor phase plating method |
| US3111731A (en) * | 1958-10-17 | 1963-11-26 | Union Carbide Corp | Die construction |
| US3030225A (en) * | 1959-05-13 | 1962-04-17 | Union Carbide Corp | Gas plating bumpers |
| US3061465A (en) * | 1959-10-09 | 1962-10-30 | Ethyl Corp | Method of metal plating with a group iv-b organometallic compound |
| US3061464A (en) * | 1959-10-09 | 1962-10-30 | Ethyl Corp | Method of metal plating with a group iv-b organometallic compound |
| US3198167A (en) * | 1961-03-10 | 1965-08-03 | Alloyd Corp | Vapor deposition device |
| US3160517A (en) * | 1961-11-13 | 1964-12-08 | Union Carbide Corp | Method of depositing metals and metallic compounds throughout the pores of a porous body |
| US3213827A (en) * | 1962-03-13 | 1965-10-26 | Union Carbide Corp | Apparatus for gas plating bulk material to metallize the same |
| DE1274979B (en) * | 1964-08-24 | 1968-08-08 | Aluminium Coil Anodizing Corp | Transport device for a system for anodic oxidation of metal objects |
| US5002009A (en) * | 1987-03-07 | 1991-03-26 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Furnace for formation of black oxide film on the surface of thin metal sheet and method for formation of black oxide film on the surface of shadow mask material by use of said furnace |
| US6626997B2 (en) | 2001-05-17 | 2003-09-30 | Nathan P. Shapiro | Continuous processing chamber |
| US20060051512A1 (en) * | 2004-08-13 | 2006-03-09 | Orosz Gary R | Apparatus and systems for coating objects |
| US7455732B2 (en) * | 2004-08-13 | 2008-11-25 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Apparatus and systems for coating objects |
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