US2634886A - Collapsible fluid container - Google Patents

Description

April' 14, 1953 Er H. LAND 2,634,885

COLLAPSIBLE FLUID CONTAINER Filed March 7, 1946 1 VIIIIIIIIIINIIIIJ TIIIIIII.

E@ @zz/M7 Patented Apr. 14,l 1953 COLLAPSIBLE FLUID CONTAINER Edwin H. Land, Cambridge, Mass., assigner to Polaroid Corporation, Cambridge, Mass., a corporation of Delaware Application March 7, 1946, Serial No. 652,612

. Claims. 1

This invention relates to fluid containers and more particularly to containers adapted to contain a fluid composition suitable, for example, for use in a process of forming positive photographic prints.

One of the objects of the invention is to provide a container for releasably containing a liquid suitable for forming a positive photographic print in conjunction with associated materials.

Another object is to provide a liquid-carrying container substantially impervious to said liquid and to oxygen.

A further object is to provide a fluid-carrying container having pliable walls and differential sealing means adjacent edge portions thereof whereby said liquid may be directionally released when the container is subjected to compression.

Still another object is to provide a collapsible liquid-carrying container formed from a pliable sheet material, said container being suitable for attachment to a material adapted either to carry or to otherwise serve in the formation of a positive photographic print.

A still further object is to provide a collapsible container releasably enclosing a viscous liquid, said container being formed from pliable and deformable materials and being suitable for positioning between sheet materials comprising a photosensitive film and a material for carrying a positive photographic print whereby said liquid may be released between said sheet materials and serve to form said print when the aforesaid container is subjected to compression.

Yet another object is to provide a collapsible container releasably carrying a predetermined quantity of a liquid suitable for release to an adjacent photographically exposed lm whereby a positive print of the subject image of said lm may be formed.

Yet a further object is to provide a collapsible container releasably carrying a liquid suitable for processing a photographically exposed photosensitive film, for transporting an image-forming component to a material for carrying a positive print of the subject image of said lm, and for forming said positive print. Y

Other objects of the invention will in part be obvious and will in part appear elsewhere.

' The invention accordingly comprises the products possessing the features, properties, and relation of components which are exempliiied in the following detailed disclosure, and the scope of the application of which will be indicated in the claims.

In the drawings, wherein like reference characters refer to like parts throughout the several views:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of one form of liquid container prior to introduction of a liquid thereinto and subsequent closure of container walls;

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view comprising the liquid container of Fig. 1 after introduction of a liquid and closure of container walls, the container being shown mounted on a carrying material;

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a modification of the container of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view comprising the container of Fig. 3, after introduction of a liquid and closure of container walls, the container being embodied in a sheet material;

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a modification of the liquid-carrying container of Fig. 4 similarly embodied in a sheet material; and

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a composite assembly comprising the container of Fig. 1, having a liquid sealed therein, mounted on a sheet material suitable for use in forming a positive photographic print.

Referring to Fig. 1, a form of fluid container comprehended by the invention is illustrated, sai-d container being constructed of a multi-layer. preferably medially folded material comprising walls I2 and I4, said `individual walls being formed by medial fold I6. A surface portion of one of said walls as, for example, portion I8 of wall i4, is suitable for receiving and in part confining said uid and a substantially equal surface portion of the other of said walls as, for example, surface portion I9 of wall I2 is suitable for further confining said fluid upon closure of said walls. A composition of fluid particularly adapted to introduction to the container shown is one having a high viscosity, said characteristic of the fluid tending to prevent its escape prior to closure and sealing of said container.

The aforesaid uid container is preferably constructed of an oxygen impermeable sheet material and, more particularly, of a metal foil such as a sheet of lead foil 20 as, for example, a sheet of said lead foil .001 inch in thickness and having other dimensions predetermined according to intended use, said use comprising association of the container with a photosensitive nlm of predetermined dimensions. One surface of said sheet material is preferably coated with a material 22 substantially impervious to the uid composition to be enclosed as, for example, with a film comprising a polyvinyl acetal such as polyvinyl acetal or polyvinyl butyral. More particularly adapted to serve as a coatingfor said surface is a mixture of 'B0-'72% polyvinyl butyral, 10-'23% 1/2- second nitrocellulose, and approximately of dibutyl sebacate. face of the aforesaid sheet of lead foil may preferably be laminated to a sheet material 26 as, for example, to a craft paper or scrim material for limiting deformation of container walls. A suitable composite sheet material for forming said container comprises a layer of lead foil, a layer comprising a mixture of polyvinyl butyral and other ingredients, above described, and a layer of craft paper.

VIn the completed, closed, liquid-carrying container, the aforesaid coating serves both to substantially preventdirect contact of the carried fluid with s'aidlea'd'foil and as a means for bonding together facing marginal portions of said coated materialbordering 'the enclosed liquid, when, 'for example, said portions are subjected to an ap- .plication of heat and/.or pressure, said portions, '.thus'b'onded, providing means for sealing said liquid within'the container. A second coating 24 of a material such as ethyl cellulose or an ethyl cel- .luloseand parafn mixture overlayed on a mar- Y ginalportionof said rst-named coating 22, when 'bonde'd toa facing marginal portion having said Y,coating 22'thereonserves as a means for bonding "said "facing marginal portions differentially with .respect --to otherfacing marginal portions having solely coating'22 thereon.

Ilponclosure of said walls I2 and I4, marginal surface- portions 28, 30 and 32 come in contact withmarginal surface portions 28a, 38a, and 32a, respectively, and may be suitably bonded together and when thus bonded, provide, in conjunction lwith fold I6, means for effecting a completely sealed enclosure or space. The aforesaid materials and constructions provide a container capable of substantially confining a liquid as, for example, a liquid adapted t0 the processing of a photographically exposed photosensitive'lm and Yto the forming of a positive photographic print in conjunction therewith, said container effectivelypreventing loss of liquid content due to exudation, absorption, or evaporation thereof, and acting to preserve said liquid substantially free from oxidation, it being understood that the liquid may be introduced to .the container in an inert atmosphere.

In the cross-sectional drawing of Fig. 2, the container of Fig. 1 is shown carrying a liquid 34 as, for example, a viscous liquid adapted to the aforementioned photographic function, said con= tainer having wall I2 folded to extreme position with respect to wall I4 and having wall marginal surface portions sealed, as above described, said sealing of marginal surface portions 30 and 39a vbeing illustrated, and the layer type construction of container VWalls shownin Fig. 1 being understood to exist although not delineated. .The liquid, ,asshowrr preferably substantially lls the space betweensaid walls, thereby furtherpreclud- Ain'gthe presence of oxygen Within the container.

The outer or noncoated sur- A The container is represented as attached by means of adhesive material 36 to a strip of sheet material 38, for example, to a material suitable for serving as a carrier for the container Where propulsion of said container is required in ultimate use, and which may likewise serve, in conjunction with the aforesaid photographically exposed lm, as a carrying material for a positive print when the liquid in the container is released thereto and to said film. An adhesive material suitable for effecting said attachment of container and carrying strip is polyvinyl acetatein solution.

The aforementioned constructions .and materials of the liquid-carrying container are such that, in use, the contained liquid may be released in a predetermined manner upon an application of compressive stress to the container walls as, for example, by superposing a second strip of sheet material upon the assembly of container and carryingmaterial shown in Fig. 2, and passing said superposed materials between pressure rollers in 'a predetermined direction. Upon said application of compression, the container is adapted to release of said contained liquid between marginal surface portions 3@ and 30a for the reason that overlaid coating `24 (Fig. l) of said portionSO-of .lower Wall I4 bonded to coating.22 v,ofsaid portion a of upper wall I2, comprising the bonding of differential coatings, provides a relatively Vweaker bondthan that existing between bonded marginal surface portions 2li-28a and 3.2-32a having identical coatings thereon. It is likewise to be understood that fold Iii and other wall portions are less susceptible to fracture than are said marginal `surface portions Sil- 38a to separation.

It will be apparent that alternative but func- Ytionallyvsimilar means for providing differential adhesion of marginal surface portions of a container, or for -providing a portion thereof prone to `fracture or separation, may be employed for obtaining directional release of a contained liquid, said means being suitable for use in conjuncprise the insertion of a strip of material as, for

example, a strip of cellulose-.acetate between mar- 1ginal rsurface portions Sil-30a, or, for example, thelemployment of facing marginal surface por- .tions of substantially equal width bonded together Vunder the influence y of differential applications of heat and pressure.

, The'container shown in Fig, 3 is a modification of that illustrated in Fig. l and comprises walls 39 vand 40 yformed by lmedial fold 42, said Wall 40 having a concave portion 0r recess 44 embossed therein and said recess being adapted to the reception and partial connement of a liquid. Aplanar area.46 of wall 3S substantially equal to the planar dimensions of said recess is adapted .to eifect further confinement of said liquid upon closureof said walls. The materials, constructions` and functions of `said container may in all .other respectsbe similar to those above-described with respect to the container of Fig. 1.

In the cross-sectional drawing of Fig. 4, the containerzof Fig. 3 is shown carrying a liquid 48 as, Jfor example, a viscous liquid ofthe typeV previv,ously described, said container having Wall 39 folded to extreme position with respect to Wall 40 and' having wall marginal surface portions sealed in the aforementioned manner, said relatively weaker bonded marginal surface portions forming liquid release area 50 being illustrated, and the layer type construction of container Walls shown in Fig. 3 being understood to exist although not delineated. The container is represented as attached by means of an adhesive material 52 to a strip of sheet material 54, said adhesive and sheet material being similar to adhesive 36 and carrying material 38 shown in Fig. 2. It will be noted that the recessed portion of container wall 40 lies Within a similarly embossed recessed portion of sheet material 54, said last-named material thus providing, in effect, a reinforcing wall portion contiguous said wall 40.

Fig. 5 represents, cross-sectionally, a modification of the container illustrated in Fig. 4 wherein walls 56 and 58 are formed from two separate sheets of multilayer material of the type described relative to Fig. 3, bonded marginal surface portions 60 thus supplanting the fold previously shown, where a single folded sheet was employed. It will be understood that marginal surface portions 62 are less rmly bonded than said portions 60 whereby directional release of contained liquid 64 between said portions 62 may be obtained by an application of compression to said container walls, as previously described.

With reference to Fig. 6, a substantially longitudinal view of an assembly comprising a plurality of containers 66 and 68 of the type shown in Figs. 1 and 2 and the arrangement of said containers on a fragmentary length of carrying material suitable for the reception of a positive photographic image as, for example, a paper material 1U, having a surface coating of baryta and lead acetate, to which said containers are attached, is shown. It will be noted that an area 12 of said coated paper material lies adjacent container 65, said area being suitable for receiving the released liquid of container 66 and for carrying a photographic print of similar dimensions to a photographically exposed frame of lm with which the assembly is designed for use, in superposed relationship, in forming said positive print. Adjacent area 12 is an area 14 of said paper material suitable for use in trapping any excess of liquid which may pass beyond area 12, one form of said liquid-trapping means being shown and comprising a plurality of perforations 16 in said paper material through which said liquid may pass to an absorbent material 18, such as a strip of blotting paper attached to the under side of paper material 10. Container 68 is a counterpart of container 66 and the liquid therein is designated for release to area 80 of the paper material, said area, shown in part only, being intended for use with a second frame of exposed film for forming a second positive print of the subject image thereof. In accordance with the aforesaid function of elements, it will be apparent that said containers are spaced at predetermined longitudinal intervals of print-carrying material 10, a given container, in the form of assembly shown, having Wall i4 thereof attached to said carrying material in a manner whereby a long dimension of the container lies transverse of the carrying material and the aforesaid relatively weaker bonded marginal surface portions 3i), Sa are adjacent print area 12. Visible marginal areas 82, 84, and 86, surrounding the liquid-carrying portion of the container on three sides, represent those surface portions of container wall I2 to which heat and/or pressure have been directly applied to vrprovide the aforementioned bonding of j6 facing marginal surface portionsshown in Fig. 1, the fourth side adjacent said liquid-carrying portion being formed by medial fold 42 and requiring no sealing.

In use, it is contemplated that the visible portions of the assembly of Fig. 6 are to be superposed with a photosensitive film more particularly in a manner whereby photographically exposed frames of said lm are superposed, respectively, With areas 12 and 80 of material 10. It is further to be understood that said photosensitive film and assembly, in facing relationship, are to be subjected at least to compressive force for obtaining release and spreading of the container-carried liquid over said superposed lm frames and areas 12 and 80, and that any excess of said liquid is to be received and substantially confined by trapping means 14. Said assembly, either in conjunction With aseparate, superposed photographic film of the aforesaid type, or attached to a photosensitive film, exposable, for example, through its base material, and thus forming a composite assembly, is adapted to use either in a photographic darkroom, or in a novel camera apparatus such as that described in my copending application, Serial No. 578,379, filed February 17, 1945 (now abandoned and replaced by application Serial No. 64,870, filed December 11, 1948, and issued as Patent No. 2,543,181 on February 27, 1951), wherein said film and assembly, as shown, may be subjected to compressive and propulsive forces as, for example, between pressure rollers, said assembly being adapted to insertion between said rollers at left-hand extremity 88 and to propulsion therebetween from left to right.

It will be understood that both the form and capacity of the container and the dimensions and surfacing composition of the materials over which said liquid is to be spread are predetermined relative both to each other and to the compressive properties of pressure rollers or other suitable means for imparting compression. The supply of said liquid carried by a given container may, for example, be in excess lof the minimum quantity required for coverage of adjacent areas of lm and print-carrier material to insure complete coverage thereof under conditions most favorable to the spreading of said liquid. Said liquid may preferably be provided in a quantity sufficient at least for obtaining adequate coverage of said areas under conditions of contemplated use least favorable to the spreading procedure as, for example, under conditions where a relatively low temperature would impede the flow of said liquid and where the compressive properties of pressure rollers would be lessened by reason of their rotation at excessive speeds. It will thus be obvious that said excess portion of contained liquid is supplied in a quantity dependent upon influences of predetermined magnitude unfavorable to said liquid-spreading process. Y

The adhesive properties of said liquid interposed between said lrn and print-carrier ma.- terials, under compression, are such as to provide a lamination of said materials which is maintained after relief of said compressive force therefrom. Where said' materials are substantially opaque and inasmuch as an inner surface of said materials carries the positive print, or Where for'- mation of a transparency is intended andone of said materials is substantially opaque, it will be apparent that separation of said materials is re'- quired for viewing the completed print. Accordingly, the adhesive properties of said interposed liquid or of an interposed nlm-like coating derived from an ingredient of said liquid are prede,-

'sassarese termined *for* 'permitting the separation of said `Amaterials upon completion 4of the `iormationroi rsaid positive print.

Referring to Fig. 6, after formationofe-a posi tive prin-t uponfsurfaceV area TIL-severance of ex- :subject image of said exposed layer maybeformed.

'Said ireceiving 'layer Lmay comprise either the :print-:carrier"material:i8 'of'.Fig. 6 oriaiilm-,like :coating formed 'on IsaidmaterialV by gan. ingredient of said liquid. The degree 'of viscosity of .the

aforesaid liquid is established accordingitothe includedvquantity oi-,at least an'ingredient'conitributing thereto. as, J for example, of said 4iilinforming ingredient.

.Agliquidicomposition suitable forthe above- Ydescribed 'photographic purposes vmay, for eX- zample,1comprise 200 cc.'of Water, 9g. of sodium :sulte, ,8.75 1g. of sodium hydroxide, 21.31,g. of fsodium carboxymethyl Ycellulosa-9 1g. of hydroquinone, .and g. 4of sodiumthiosulfate, it beiner understood that :saidcomposition is presented-.in "an illustrativesense only and thatvthe invention `iss;not;1imited to the aforesaidv materials yor, profportions, .asrsetfforth For .imageareas of lm Aand iprintfcarrier material of approximately [21A-x31@ inches, .35 g. to .5 goithe above-formu- .ilated `liquid is capable of providingva coating v:therebetween .0001 in thickness and slightly morezthan .1 g. in weight, and is sulcient to form aapositive .print Within or upon said coating.

:Thereis thus `provided a novel containerffor `a-liquidA adapted, upon application of mechanical stress thereto, tovrelease the contents thereofin za .predetermined direction, Asaidcontainer Vbeing .impervious to 'said liquid `and to theivapor` of said liquid. The container is preferably'formed iof :faamultilayer composite material comprising as an inner layer, i. e., vas thelayer in ,contact "rwith .the liquid contents of the container, famaterialwhich isimpervious to theiliquidgandias zaisecondlayer .a substance whichk is impervious tothe vapor ofsaid liquid and Which isprotected zagainst Areaction with said liquid .by-saidnrst .'layer. 'Where the liquidcontent of theicontainer l is y,to kbe an alkaline :solution ,suchA as ,the :photographic Acomposition hereinbefore "described, the container is preferably formed of ga composite materialwhose innerrlayer is a nlm which is vnot hydrolyzed bythe composition or a nlm :which undergoes an initial, hydrolysis upon Vconitact"with the liquid, but whose .nlm-.forming properties and impermeability tothe liquid :are fnotadversely `affected by :such hydrolysis. Acfcordingly,'in its preferredform the present-ingventiontcomprises a Acontainer formed'of 'a 'multilayer: material YWhose Y inner layer 1 is formed'. of a plastic lsuch as Va polyvinyl .butyral composition which .isisubstantially inert to` an alkaline` solution, said layer .being `backed by ka metal foil which f is :impervious v:toi the vapors V Aof saidl 'solution. v,Although rplastics such as `the polyvinyl facetalsfof the'type which'.undergono'hydro'lysis 75 58 are preferred materials-sforithe inrrer:coatinggit Iis to; be'iexpresslyi,understoodthatiothernnaterials `whichzare-hydrolyzedl by an valkaline ,solution'may .be employed as the `.inner protective lm, l:pro-

;5 .vided said 'materials :retain their flm-iorming 'properties :and are not :rendered :permeable -to --the L liquid composition by :said Ahydrolysis. LEX- ;amples :of hydrolyzable plastics v.which may ibe 1 used: are polymeric .esters v4suchas cellulosen acetate, =,cellulose acetate ibutyrate, ,and ivinyl acetate.

'It Vwill :be apparent that alternative zforms vtof y.containers :andof arrangementithereof with 1ezspect 5to a v,carrier material .may -be y provided 15 :Within thegscopenffthe invention. Saidzmodications may, for example, compriseza liquid-,carryingportion ofa containenhavingi-.either agreater .or ,lesser transverse Ifor :longitudinal `dimension .thanthe containers shown, or saidrmodied vcon- '20 tainen may ,have separable marginal :surfacapor- .tions .for releasing the contained liquid :which lvary from the. straightlinearqportions': illustrated. It is ,further tobe understood :that liquid-.carry- -ing containers of -ithe -general ,i form illustrated 525 are; adapted to introduction .tothe Y aforesaidflm andgprintl-carrier material-,from a sourcegof supply vseparate therefrom as, for example, :from 2a .magazine'which may: releasalolyi retainisaid-:con-

tainers out of contactfwith.saidmateria1sfsaid y magazinei having associated kmeans for predeterminedly dispensing said containers, between lportions of'said materials. Where said -dispensable methodiof providing voperational',assemblytofcontainers Withlm-and printfcarrierimaterials ,is

V employed, saidicontainersxmay :be strengthened by i a `more :rigid `,backing material, .as crequired, fand .attachment `of said :containers :to either of sid materials ,f by V:adhesive: means may be obv-i- .a ed.

VSincevcertain changes maybe made vin `the above 'products land different embodiments ofthe 'invention could be made without departing'from the scopethereof, it is intended that 'alli'matter contained in the above-description vor shown-'in the accompanying drawings yshallY beinterpreted 55 together to provide a liquid-containing cavity,

`said cavityholding af'highly alkaline processing liquid, each'ofsaid walls-beingformedof afsheet material comprising-a plurality of layers and fat least one of said vWalls being flexible and deform- -able `rfor transmitting Apressure vapplied to Ythe -'exterior-'of the container 'directly Vto the lcontainer contents, the internallayerfjfl each v'said :Wall being a nlm ofi-resin substantially impervious tothe alkaline liquid infthefcavity and inertto '70 alkalineliqui'ds marginal portions offsaidwwalls Ybeing adhesively secured together` in face-toeface relation to provide fa' plurality of fclosures 'for fSa'd= Cavity, said closures being "formed 1 at least in fpart 1 by 'directly vrbonding `together the aresin 'lms Voi =saidiwallsffone AVof` said:.closuresparalleling said cavity being substantially weaker than the remaining closures, whereby the application of pressure to the exterior of said container causes said one closure to rupture prior to the others and form a liquid-dispensing passage providing for the direct discharge of the liquid from the container over an area substantially as wide as said one closure, each of said opposed walls extending continuously, without folds, throughout its liquid-conning area and the area of said closures.

2. The product of claim 1 wherein the principal constituent of the resin rllmis a polyvinyl acetal and the metallic foil is a lead foil.

3. A product capable of directly dispensing a processing liquid in a relatively uniform layer over the interface area of a pair of superposed elements when squeezed between said elements by a pair of pressure-applying members, said product comprising a rupturable disposable container having a pair of opposed walls secured together to provide a liquid-containing cavity, said cavity holding a highly alkaline processing liquid, each of said walls being formed of a sheet material comprising a plurality of layers and at least one of said walls being flexible and deformable for transmitting pressure applied to the exterior of the container directly to the container contents, the internal layer of each said wall being a film of resin substantially impervious to the alkaline liquid in the cavity and inert to said liquid, another of the layers of each said wall, separated from the container contents by said film of resin, being substantially vapor impervious and comprising a metallic foil susceptible to chemical attack by direct contact with alkaline liquids, marginal portions of said walls being adhesively secured together in face-to-face relation to provide a plurality of closures for said cavity, said closures being formed at least in part by directly bonding together the resin iilms of said walls, one of said closures paralleling said cavity being substantially weaker than the remaining closures, whereby the application of pressure to the exterior of said container causes said one closure to rupture prior to the others and form a liquid-dispensing passage providing for the direct discharge of the liquid from the container over an area substantially as wide as said one closure, each of said opposed walls extending continuously, without folds, throughout its liquid-confining area and the area of said closures, each of said pair of opposed walls of said container being one fold of a single integral blank of said sheet material.

4. A product capable of directly dispensing a processing liquid in a relatively uniform layer over the interface area of a pair of superposed elements when squeezed between said elements by a pair of pressure-applying members, said product comprising a rupturable disposable container having a pair of opposed walls secured together to provide a liquid-containing cavity, said cavity holding a highly alkaline processing liquid, each of said walls being formed of a sheet material comprising a plurality of layers and at least one of said walls being flexible and cleformable for transmitting pressure applied to the exterior of the container directly to the container contents, the internal layer of each said wall being a lm of resin substantially impervious to the alkaline liquid in the cavity and inert to said liquid, another of the layers of each said Wall, separated from the containers contents by said iilm of resin, being substantially vapor impervious and comprising a metallic foil susceptible to chemical attack by direct contact with alkaj line liquids, marginal portions of said Walls being adhesively secured together in face-to-face relation to provide a plurality of closures for said cavity, said closures being formed at least in part by directly bonding together the resin films of said walls, one of said closures paralleling said cavity being substantially weaker than the remaining closures, whereby the application of pressure to the exterior of said container causes said one closure to rupture prior to the others and form a liquid-dispensing passage providing for the direct discharge of the liquid from the container over an area substantially as wide as I said one closure, each of said opposed walls extending continuously, without folds, throughout its liquid-coniining area and the area of said closures, each of said pair of opposed Walls of said container being one fold of a single integral blank of said sheet material, and said blank being folded along a line which extends in the direction of the long dimension of the liquid-containing cavity, the latter being elongated and said one closure paralleling its length.

5. A product capable of directly dispensing a processing liquid in a relatively uniform layer over the interface area of a pair of superposed elements when squeezed between said elements by a pair of pressure-applying members, said product comprising a rupturable disposable container having a pair of opposed walls secured together to provide a liquid-containing cavity, said cavity holding a highly alkaline processing liquid, each of said walls being formed of a sheet material comprising a plurality of layers and at least one of said Walls being flexible and deformable for transmitting pressure applied to the exterior of the container directly to the container contents, the internal layer of each said wall being a film of resin substantially impervious to the alkaline liquid in the cavity and inert to said liquid, another of the layers of each said walls, separated from the container contents by said lm of resin, being substantially vapor impervious and comprising a metallic foil susceptible to chemical attack by direct contact with alkaline liquids, marginal portions of said walls being adhesively secured together in face-to-face relation to pro- I vide a plurality of closures for said cavity, said closures being formed at least in part by directly bonding together the resin lms of said walls, one of said closures paralleling said cavity being substantially weaker than the remaining closures, whereby the application of pressure to the exterior of said container causes said one closure to rupture prior to the others and form a liquid-dispensing passage providing for the direct discharge of the liquid from the container over an area substantially as wide as said one closure, each of said opposed walls extending continuously, without folds, throughout its liquid-confining area and the area of said closures, said opposed walls being separate blanks of said sheet material.

EDWIN H. LAND.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,077,835 Kelly Nov. 4, 1913 1,207,042 Hochstelter Dec. 5, 1916 (Other references on following page) Nin'nber- 1I UNITED STATES PATENTS Name Datev Brayer Aug.r 27, 1918 Howlett Oct. 19,A 1920 Viegelmann Aug. 12, 1924 Viegelmann July 13, 1926 Steele Nov. 12, 1929 Hoover Jan. 7, 1930 Kilchling Jan. 23, 1934 Schleimbohm Dec.v 21 1937 Kittredge July 19, 1938 H111 Mar. 21, 1939. Muskat June 13, 1939 Rape Dec. 19, 1939 Ham Apr'.` 9, 1940,

Number Namel Date; Albers Sept; 10,1194()`v Hestermann Y J an. 27., 1942, Knott A191;` 6, 1943` Salfsberg May 18, 19,43' Boysen Nov. 16, 1943' Salsberg June 6, 1944 Baer Apr. 10, 1945i Cowen June 25,1946' FOREIGN PATENTS Country Datel Great Britain 1906: Switzerland Jan. 16, 1945 Germany May 8, 1930 Germany Dec. 24, 1932

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