US2632297A - Gas turbine plant - Google Patents

Gas turbine plant Download PDF

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Publication number
US2632297A
US2632297A US109841A US10984149A US2632297A US 2632297 A US2632297 A US 2632297A US 109841 A US109841 A US 109841A US 10984149 A US10984149 A US 10984149A US 2632297 A US2632297 A US 2632297A
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gas
stage
air
compressor
turbine
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US109841A
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Ogston Walter Mactavish
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Power Jets Research and Development Ltd
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Power Jets Research and Development Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
    • F02C3/22—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products the fuel or oxidant being gaseous at standard temperature and pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/002—Evacuating and treating of exhaust gases

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  • This invention relates to improvements in gas turbine plant when applied to the generation of More particularly the ing fluid exhausted from a gas turbine imparts heat indirectly through a heat exchanger to a pressurised gas stream, such an arrangement being adopted, for example, when it is desired to generate a hot high pressure stream of air or other gas with its oxygen content conserved and which cannot therefore be heated by having fuel burnt in it.
  • the invention is envisaged as having particular application to the formation of a hot air blast for blast furnace operation but may be also applied wherever a stream of hot compressed gas is required.
  • the usual method of heating air for use as an air blast in a blast furnace is to burn a portion of the blast furnace exhaust gas and to pass the hot products of combustion produced thereby for a given period through one of two regenerative heat exchangers of the Cowper stove or chequer brick type, after which the supply of hot gas is transferred to the other stove while cold air is passed through the hot stove to lbe heated on its Way to the blast furnace.
  • the flows of hot gas and cold air are reversed after a certain period and these alterations are continually repeated.
  • One object of the present invention is toavoid these disadvantages and accordingly the invention provides a generator of hot high pressure gas comprising means for supplying pressurised gas, a continuously operable heat exchanger for receiving and indirectly heating said pressurised gas supply, means for supplying hot gas to said heat exchanger to effect such heating comprising a multi-stage gas turbine from which the hot gas supply is derived at an intermediate pressure stage, which stage is so selected that the hot gas pressure is similar to that of the gas to be heated thereby.
  • the heat exchanger is preferably of the regenerative kind and comprises a rotary disc or drum containing a matrix having a large number of small axial or radial channels respectively through which the two gas streams ow in opposite directions.
  • heat exchangers of this type have in general, important advantages in respect to bulk and efficiency compared with heat exchangers of other kinds, but have the attendent disadvantage that effective sealing against leakage between the respective gas streams is difficult tol achieve and maintain; however, the difficulty is minimised when the gas streams are at similar pressures, and it is this condition which the invention is intended to bring about.
  • the gas to be indirectly heated is air which is compressed in a compressor driven by the turbine rotor.
  • this compressor is a multi-stage one from which the air to be heated is taken oi at an intermediate stage, while air for the turbine working fluid is taken off at the final stage.
  • the latter in the particular application to blast furnaces, is burnt with blast furnace exhaust gas as the fuel, which is first raised to an appropriate pressure by a gas compressor mounted on the same shaft as the main compressor.
  • the hot gas stream is derived from the outlet of one high pressure stage turbine coupled to a second low pressure stage turbine and both driving the compressor.
  • the hot gas from the outlet of the high pressure turbine may be burnt with additional fuel before it passes through the heat exchanger and this fuel may also be blast furnace gas derived from an intermediate stage of a multi-stage gas compressor.
  • the gases After passing through the heat exchanger, the gases pass through the second or low pressure turbine from the outlet of which they pass directly to atmosphere or through an auxiliary I heat exchanger, which may be of the tubular recuperative type, for heat exchange with air to be used as blast air and derived from an intermediate stage of the air compressor.
  • an auxiliary I heat exchanger which may be of the tubular recuperative type, for heat exchange with air to be used as blast air and derived from an intermediate stage of the air compressor.
  • the plant includes a low pressure compressor stage I, a high pressure compressor stage 2, a high pressure turbine stage 3 and a low pressure turbine stage 4 all mounted on the same shafting so that the two turbine stage rotors drive the two compressor stages.
  • the remainder of the lair discharged from the low pressure compressor stage I passes to the high pressure compressor stage 2 and thence to a combustion chamber 8 where it supports the combustion of a fuel; the combustion products pass to the high pressure turbine stage 3 and then to a reheat combustion chamber 9 where more fuel is burnt, before passing successively through 'the main heat exchanger 6, the low pressure turbine stage 4 and the auxiliary heat exchanger 5, and finally exhausting to atmosphere.
  • Fuel economy in the plant is eifected lby utilising a portion of the blast furnace exhaust gases as fuel for heating purposes.
  • these gases are collected at the furnace upstakes IB and, after suitably cleaning and cooling, are led to a two-#stage gas 4compressor I I, I 2 which -is driven by the main turbo-compressor rotor; after compression in the low pressure stage I I a proportion o'f the fuel gas is bled off and delivered to the reheat c'zoinbustion chamber 9., While the remainder is -fully' "cmpressed in the high pressure stage I2 cf the gas ⁇ compressor and is delivered to the combustion chamber 8.
  • the plant is arranged for normal operation on a constant pressure cycle, that for combustion in each -of the ⁇ combustion chambers 9 and 9 to take place without a substantial variation Vin gasrpressures, it is ⁇ apparent that by selecting similar pressure ranges for the high pressure compressor and turbine stages 2 and 3- respectively, 'a low or negligible pressure differential in the heat exchanger 6 is ensured. Furthermore, the lhigh pressure stage I2 ⁇ of the fuel gas Vcom- Apre'ssor'ma'y be similarly selected so that both the lfuel and 'the combustion-supporting gases are supplied at similar pressures to each of the respective combustion chambers.
  • the invention is of particular advantage for use with a rotary regenerative heat exchanger, due to the elimination of the necessity for pressure resistant gas seals and "so making .possible high rotary speed, it also presents advantages when used in combination with 'a recu- .fperative heat exchanger, for example, of the tu- 4 bular type since, due to the pressure of the air and gas ows being approximately equal, the walls of the tubes may be relatively thin and will therefore be less costly and lighter.
  • Y Gas turbine power plant for supplying -a blast ,of hot air under pressure suitable for use in a blast furnace, including a low pressure compressor stage supplying at an intermediate pressure both blast and other air, a high pressure compressor stage receiving said other air from said low pressure compressor stage and delivering it at a higher pressure, a high pressure turbine stage and a low pressure turbine stage driving said high and low pressure compressor stages, a combustion chamber receiving said other air from said high pressure compressor stage and supplying combustion products to said high pressure turbine stage, and a heat exchanger, of the type having a continuously moving element transferring heat between independent gas streams, receiving on the one Ahand blast air from said 10W pressure compressor stage to be heated and on the other hand combustion products from said high pressure turbine stage to heat the blast air, said combustion products being delivered thereafter to-,said low pressure turbine stage, the intervmediate pressure yof the combustion products during heat exchange being not greatly different from that of the blast air so that leakage between 'their independent stream in the heat exchanger tends to be minimized.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Description

March 24, 1953 w. MacT. oGsToN 2,632,297
@A s TURBINE PLANT Filed Aug. 12,@949
Attorneys hot gas under pressure. invention is concerned with the case where work- Patented Mar. 24, 1953 GAS TURBN E PLANT Walter MacTavish Ogston, Dumfries, Scotland,
assigner to Power Jets (Research and Development) Limited, London, England, a British Company Application August 12, 1949, Serial No. 109,841
In Great Britain August 27, 1948 1 claim. l
This invention relates to improvements in gas turbine plant when applied to the generation of More particularly the ing fluid exhausted from a gas turbine imparts heat indirectly through a heat exchanger to a pressurised gas stream, such an arrangement being adopted, for example, when it is desired to generate a hot high pressure stream of air or other gas with its oxygen content conserved and which cannot therefore be heated by having fuel burnt in it. The invention is envisaged as having particular application to the formation of a hot air blast for blast furnace operation but may be also applied wherever a stream of hot compressed gas is required.
As is known, the usual method of heating air for use as an air blast in a blast furnace is to burn a portion of the blast furnace exhaust gas and to pass the hot products of combustion produced thereby for a given period through one of two regenerative heat exchangers of the Cowper stove or chequer brick type, after which the supply of hot gas is transferred to the other stove while cold air is passed through the hot stove to lbe heated on its Way to the blast furnace. The flows of hot gas and cold air are reversed after a certain period and these alterations are continually repeated.
One disadvantage of such an arrangement is that due to the substantial pressure of the cold air above atmospheric there is a considerable loss in heat when the two gas ows are reversed. A
, further disadvantage is that the above-mentioned stoves are necessarily very large and consequently very costly.
One object of the present invention is toavoid these disadvantages and accordingly the invention provides a generator of hot high pressure gas comprising means for supplying pressurised gas, a continuously operable heat exchanger for receiving and indirectly heating said pressurised gas supply, means for supplying hot gas to said heat exchanger to effect such heating comprising a multi-stage gas turbine from which the hot gas supply is derived at an intermediate pressure stage, which stage is so selected that the hot gas pressure is similar to that of the gas to be heated thereby.
The heat exchanger is preferably of the regenerative kind and comprises a rotary disc or drum containing a matrix having a large number of small axial or radial channels respectively through which the two gas streams ow in opposite directions. It is well known that heat exchangers of this type have in general, important advantages in respect to bulk and efficiency compared with heat exchangers of other kinds, but have the attendent disadvantage that effective sealing against leakage between the respective gas streams is difficult tol achieve and maintain; however, the difficulty is minimised when the gas streams are at similar pressures, and it is this condition which the invention is intended to bring about. In a preferred form of the invention intended particularly for use in blast furnace operation, the gas to be indirectly heated is air which is compressed in a compressor driven by the turbine rotor. Preferably this compressor is a multi-stage one from which the air to be heated is taken oi at an intermediate stage, while air for the turbine working fluid is taken off at the final stage. The latter, in the particular application to blast furnaces, is burnt with blast furnace exhaust gas as the fuel, which is first raised to an appropriate pressure by a gas compressor mounted on the same shaft as the main compressor.
Preferably the hot gas stream is derived from the outlet of one high pressure stage turbine coupled to a second low pressure stage turbine and both driving the compressor. The hot gas from the outlet of the high pressure turbine may be burnt with additional fuel before it passes through the heat exchanger and this fuel may also be blast furnace gas derived from an intermediate stage of a multi-stage gas compressor.
After passing through the heat exchanger, the gases pass through the second or low pressure turbine from the outlet of which they pass directly to atmosphere or through an auxiliary I heat exchanger, which may be of the tubular recuperative type, for heat exchange with air to be used as blast air and derived from an intermediate stage of the air compressor.
By way of example one embodiment of the preferred form of the invention is now described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing which represents schematically the plant arrangement of a hot high pressure gas generator for supplying blast air to a furnace. The plant includes a low pressure compressor stage I, a high pressure compressor stage 2, a high pressure turbine stage 3 and a low pressure turbine stage 4 all mounted on the same shafting so that the two turbine stage rotors drive the two compressor stages.
Air from the atmosphere enters the low pressure compressor stage I and, when discharged therefrom is divided, a proportion of the air being taken through an auxiliary heat exchanger for heat exchange with hot exhaust gases leaving the low pressure turbine stage 4, and subsequently to a main rotary regenerative heat exchanger 6 from which the air, being both pressurised and heated, passes to the tuyres lof a blast furnace 1. The remainder of the lair discharged from the low pressure compressor stage I passes to the high pressure compressor stage 2 and thence to a combustion chamber 8 where it supports the combustion of a fuel; the combustion products pass to the high pressure turbine stage 3 and then to a reheat combustion chamber 9 where more fuel is burnt, before passing successively through 'the main heat exchanger 6, the low pressure turbine stage 4 and the auxiliary heat exchanger 5, and finally exhausting to atmosphere.
Fuel economy in the plant is eifected lby utilising a portion of the blast furnace exhaust gases as fuel for heating purposes. Thus, these gases are collected at the furnace upstakes IB and, after suitably cleaning and cooling, are led to a two-#stage gas 4compressor I I, I 2 which -is driven by the main turbo-compressor rotor; after compression in the low pressure stage I I a proportion o'f the fuel gas is bled off and delivered to the reheat c'zoinbustion chamber 9., While the remainder is -fully' "cmpressed in the high pressure stage I2 cf the gas `compressor and is delivered to the combustion chamber 8.
An 'electric power 4ge'rierator I3 is also driven from the turbo=cornpressor shaft and provides an outlet for surplus power produced in the plant; provision may also be made for motoring this generator in order t'o start the plant, using power previously accumulated.
If the plant is arranged for normal operation on a constant pressure cycle, that for combustion in each -of the ` combustion chambers 9 and 9 to take place without a substantial variation Vin gasrpressures, it is `apparent that by selecting similar pressure ranges for the high pressure compressor and turbine stages 2 and 3- respectively, 'a low or negligible pressure differential in the heat exchanger 6 is ensured. Furthermore, the lhigh pressure stage I2 `of the fuel gas Vcom- Apre'ssor'ma'y be similarly selected so that both the lfuel and 'the combustion-supporting gases are supplied at similar pressures to each of the respective combustion chambers.
Although the invention is of particular advantage for use with a rotary regenerative heat exchanger, due to the elimination of the necessity for pressure resistant gas seals and "so making .possible high rotary speed, it also presents advantages when used in combination with 'a recu- .fperative heat exchanger, for example, of the tu- 4 bular type since, due to the pressure of the air and gas ows being approximately equal, the walls of the tubes may be relatively thin and will therefore be less costly and lighter.
I claim: Y Gas turbine power plant for supplying -a blast ,of hot air under pressure suitable for use in a blast furnace, including a low pressure compressor stage supplying at an intermediate pressure both blast and other air, a high pressure compressor stage receiving said other air from said low pressure compressor stage and delivering it at a higher pressure, a high pressure turbine stage and a low pressure turbine stage driving said high and low pressure compressor stages, a combustion chamber receiving said other air from said high pressure compressor stage and supplying combustion products to said high pressure turbine stage, and a heat exchanger, of the type having a continuously moving element transferring heat between independent gas streams, receiving on the one Ahand blast air from said 10W pressure compressor stage to be heated and on the other hand combustion products from said high pressure turbine stage to heat the blast air, said combustion products being delivered thereafter to-,said low pressure turbine stage, the intervmediate pressure yof the combustion products during heat exchange being not greatly different from that of the blast air so that leakage between 'their independent stream in the heat exchanger tends to be minimized.
WALTER MACTAVISH OGSTON.
REFERENCES CITED i The following references are of record in the le of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS OTHER REFERENCES Ser. No. 217,505, Jendrassik (A. l?. 0.), published April 27, 1943.
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Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2714378A (en) * 1951-10-06 1955-08-02 Porta Products Corp Air heating method
US2758827A (en) * 1952-03-25 1956-08-14 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Gas turbine plant for use in metallurgical works
US2847952A (en) * 1954-09-02 1958-08-19 Westinghouse Electric Corp Drives for forced draft fans in steam plants
US2859954A (en) * 1951-06-08 1958-11-11 Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd Gas turbine plant for providing a continuous supply of hot compressed air
US2869830A (en) * 1948-03-05 1959-01-20 Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd Method and apparatus for heating fluid
US2888802A (en) * 1954-09-07 1959-06-02 James A Dosmann Vehicle gas turbine power system
US3181599A (en) * 1958-03-05 1965-05-04 Jospeh N Koehegyi Process to raise combustion temperatures
US3216712A (en) * 1962-08-15 1965-11-09 United Aircraft Corp Air supply for a blast furnace
US3704586A (en) * 1970-02-07 1972-12-05 Steinkohlen Elektrizitaet Ag Starting system for a gas-turbine installation
US3978657A (en) * 1974-02-06 1976-09-07 Combustion Turbine Power, Inc. Turbine system
US4275562A (en) * 1979-08-06 1981-06-30 Institute Of Gas Technology Composite energy producing gas turbine
US4858428A (en) * 1986-04-24 1989-08-22 Paul Marius A Advanced integrated propulsion system with total optimized cycle for gas turbines
DE4030332A1 (en) * 1990-06-20 1992-01-09 Zimmermann & Jansen Gmbh Process and plant for energy recovery from blast furnace gas - comprises pressure recovery turbine with generator and by=pass with gas compressor, combustion chamber with fuel enrichment
JP2009180222A (en) * 2008-01-31 2009-08-13 General Electric Co <Ge> Reheat gas and exhaust gas regenerator system for a combined cycle power plant
US20110266726A1 (en) * 2010-05-03 2011-11-03 General Electric Company Gas turbine exhaust as hot blast for a blast furnace
EP2626439A1 (en) * 2008-03-18 2013-08-14 JFE Steel Corporation Method for separating blast furnace gas
US10793780B2 (en) 2017-10-12 2020-10-06 Red Leaf Resources, Inc. Heating materials through co-generation of heat and electricity

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1762446A (en) * 1922-08-23 1930-06-10 Ljungstroms Angturbin Ab Regenerative air preheater
US1997229A (en) * 1933-02-20 1935-04-09 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Heat exchange plant
FR822929A (en) * 1936-06-12 1938-01-11 Blast furnace operating process
US2282740A (en) * 1938-11-11 1942-05-12 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Heat exchange system
US2312995A (en) * 1937-08-04 1943-03-02 Anxionnaz Rene Gas turbine plant
US2313081A (en) * 1937-02-02 1943-03-09 Jarvis C Marble Heat exchange
GB560883A (en) * 1942-11-05 1944-04-25 George Raymond Shepherd Improved method of and apparatus for converting thermal energy into mechanical or electrical energy
GB585959A (en) * 1944-07-24 1947-03-03 David Macleish Smith Improvements in regenerative gas turbine plant
US2423472A (en) * 1942-11-04 1947-07-08 English Electric Co Ltd Power plant of the free piston type

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1762446A (en) * 1922-08-23 1930-06-10 Ljungstroms Angturbin Ab Regenerative air preheater
US1997229A (en) * 1933-02-20 1935-04-09 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Heat exchange plant
FR822929A (en) * 1936-06-12 1938-01-11 Blast furnace operating process
US2313081A (en) * 1937-02-02 1943-03-09 Jarvis C Marble Heat exchange
US2312995A (en) * 1937-08-04 1943-03-02 Anxionnaz Rene Gas turbine plant
US2282740A (en) * 1938-11-11 1942-05-12 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Heat exchange system
US2423472A (en) * 1942-11-04 1947-07-08 English Electric Co Ltd Power plant of the free piston type
GB560883A (en) * 1942-11-05 1944-04-25 George Raymond Shepherd Improved method of and apparatus for converting thermal energy into mechanical or electrical energy
GB585959A (en) * 1944-07-24 1947-03-03 David Macleish Smith Improvements in regenerative gas turbine plant

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2869830A (en) * 1948-03-05 1959-01-20 Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd Method and apparatus for heating fluid
US2859954A (en) * 1951-06-08 1958-11-11 Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd Gas turbine plant for providing a continuous supply of hot compressed air
US2714378A (en) * 1951-10-06 1955-08-02 Porta Products Corp Air heating method
US2758827A (en) * 1952-03-25 1956-08-14 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Gas turbine plant for use in metallurgical works
US2847952A (en) * 1954-09-02 1958-08-19 Westinghouse Electric Corp Drives for forced draft fans in steam plants
US2888802A (en) * 1954-09-07 1959-06-02 James A Dosmann Vehicle gas turbine power system
US3181599A (en) * 1958-03-05 1965-05-04 Jospeh N Koehegyi Process to raise combustion temperatures
US3216712A (en) * 1962-08-15 1965-11-09 United Aircraft Corp Air supply for a blast furnace
US3704586A (en) * 1970-02-07 1972-12-05 Steinkohlen Elektrizitaet Ag Starting system for a gas-turbine installation
US3978657A (en) * 1974-02-06 1976-09-07 Combustion Turbine Power, Inc. Turbine system
US4275562A (en) * 1979-08-06 1981-06-30 Institute Of Gas Technology Composite energy producing gas turbine
US4858428A (en) * 1986-04-24 1989-08-22 Paul Marius A Advanced integrated propulsion system with total optimized cycle for gas turbines
DE4030332A1 (en) * 1990-06-20 1992-01-09 Zimmermann & Jansen Gmbh Process and plant for energy recovery from blast furnace gas - comprises pressure recovery turbine with generator and by=pass with gas compressor, combustion chamber with fuel enrichment
JP2009180222A (en) * 2008-01-31 2009-08-13 General Electric Co <Ge> Reheat gas and exhaust gas regenerator system for a combined cycle power plant
EP2626439A1 (en) * 2008-03-18 2013-08-14 JFE Steel Corporation Method for separating blast furnace gas
US20110266726A1 (en) * 2010-05-03 2011-11-03 General Electric Company Gas turbine exhaust as hot blast for a blast furnace
US10793780B2 (en) 2017-10-12 2020-10-06 Red Leaf Resources, Inc. Heating materials through co-generation of heat and electricity

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