US2626863A - Desulfurization of metals and alloys by silicon - Google Patents
Desulfurization of metals and alloys by silicon Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2626863A US2626863A US87853A US8785349A US2626863A US 2626863 A US2626863 A US 2626863A US 87853 A US87853 A US 87853A US 8785349 A US8785349 A US 8785349A US 2626863 A US2626863 A US 2626863A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- silicon
- ferrochromium
- alloys
- metals
- sulphur
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 title claims description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title description 10
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title description 8
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 title description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- DWFFKGPZNGKUPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenesilicon Chemical compound S=[Si] DWFFKGPZNGKUPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001996 bearing alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 1
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D3/00—Diffusion processes for extraction of non-metals; Furnaces therefor
- C21D3/02—Extraction of non-metals
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the desulphurization of metals and alloys in the solid state.
- silicon should be present in a stoichiometrical amount at least equal to that required to form silicon sulphide with the sulphur to be removed. Silicon is usually volatilized as the monosulphidc, but the possible occurrence of the disulphide is not excluded for the purposes of this application.
- the material to be desulphurized should be in comminuted form to permit the ready escape of expelled silicon sulphide as well as proximity between reacting materials. The comminuted material may, if desired, be compressed into pellets or otherwise bonded together.
- the heating stage should be conducted in vacuo, or at very low pressures, and at a temperature below the melting point of the materials employed.
- Both portions were heated at 1250 C. for 8 hours at an absolute pressure of about one m. m. of mercury. After this treatment each portion was reground and analyzed. Each portion contained 0.08% sulphur. One portion was repelleted without any silicon addition. The other portion was mixed with a quantity of comminuted silicon equal to 4.5% of the weight of the portion and the mixture was repelleted. Both portions were then reheated for an additional 8 hours at 1250 C. at an absolute pressure of about one m. m. of mercury and then cooled and crushed. Analysis of the two portions showed that the silicon-treated material contained only 0.035% sulphur. The other material, which except for the silicon addition, was otherwise treated identically with the first portion, contained 0.06% sulphur.
- Method for the solid phase desulphurization of ferrochromium which comprises incorporating with said ferrochromium to be desulphurized a quantity of silicon at least equal to that required stoichiometrically to form silicon sulphide with the sulphur to be removed from said ferrochromium; comminuting the material to be treated; and heating said comminuted material at very low subatmospheric pressure and at an elevated temperature sufficient to form silicon sulphide by reaction between the sulphur in said ferrochromlum and the silicon incorporated therewith but below the melting point of the material being treated.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
Description
patented Jan. 27, 1953 was DESULFURIZATION OF METALS AND ALLOYS BY SILICON Hendrik de W. Erasmus, Lewiston, N. Y., assignor to Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation, a corporation of New York No Drawing. Application April 15, 1949, Serial No. 87,853
4 Claims. 1
The invention relates to a method for the desulphurization of metals and alloys in the solid state.
According to the invention sulphur may be removed from certain metals and alloys by heating such materials in vacuo in the presence of included or added silicon at temperatures below the melting point of the materials. The method of the invention may be used with metals and alloys of the type which have vapor pressures substantially below that of silicon sulphide. Among such metals are those in the same valence groups of the periodic chart of the elements as copper, titanium, vanadium, chromium and iron, the forementioned metals being the lightest members of these groups.
In the solid phase, vacuum decarburization of high-carbon metals and alloys with an oxidant, it is often desirable to eiiect desulphurization of the decarburized metals and alloys. The method of the invention is particularly suitable for this purpose.
In the practice of the method of the invention in the desulphurization of metals and alloys, silicon should be present in a stoichiometrical amount at least equal to that required to form silicon sulphide with the sulphur to be removed. Silicon is usually volatilized as the monosulphidc, but the possible occurrence of the disulphide is not excluded for the purposes of this application. The material to be desulphurized should be in comminuted form to permit the ready escape of expelled silicon sulphide as well as proximity between reacting materials. The comminuted material may, if desired, be compressed into pellets or otherwise bonded together. The heating stage should be conducted in vacuo, or at very low pressures, and at a temperature below the melting point of the materials employed.
The following specific example of the desulphurization of ferrochromium will serve to illustrate the principles and practice of the invention. A mixture of comminuted high-carbon ferrochromium and comminuted oxidized ferrochromium in an amount sufiicient to provide an oxygen excess of 18% over that required to combine with the carbon of the ferrochromium was prepared and bonded with chromic acid into pellet form. The pellets were divided into two portions and treated as follows:
Both portions were heated at 1250 C. for 8 hours at an absolute pressure of about one m. m. of mercury. After this treatment each portion was reground and analyzed. Each portion contained 0.08% sulphur. One portion was repelleted without any silicon addition. The other portion was mixed with a quantity of comminuted silicon equal to 4.5% of the weight of the portion and the mixture was repelleted. Both portions were then reheated for an additional 8 hours at 1250 C. at an absolute pressure of about one m. m. of mercury and then cooled and crushed. Analysis of the two portions showed that the silicon-treated material contained only 0.035% sulphur. The other material, which except for the silicon addition, was otherwise treated identically with the first portion, contained 0.06% sulphur.
In this application and in the appended claims whenever the word silicon is used, it is intended to mean the element silicon, which may be added as silicon metal, silicon-bearing alloys, silicides, or metallic silicon from whatever source derived.
What is claimed is:
1. Method for the solid phase desulphurization of ferrochromium which comprises incorporating with said ferrochromium to be desulphurized a quantity of silicon at least equal to that required stoichiometrically to form silicon sulphide with the sulphur to be removed from said ferrochromium; comminuting the material to be treated; and heating said comminuted material at very low subatmospheric pressure and at an elevated temperature sufficient to form silicon sulphide by reaction between the sulphur in said ferrochromlum and the silicon incorporated therewith but below the melting point of the material being treated.
I 2. Method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the comminuted material to be desulphurized is pelleted prior to said heating step.
3. Method for the solid phase desulphurization of high-carbon ferrochromium which comprises incorporating with said high-carbon ferrochromium an oxidant in an amount at least sufiicient stoichiometrically to react with the carbon to be removed from said high-carbon ferrochromium and silicon in an amount at least equal to that required stoichiometrically to form silicon sulphide with the sulphur to be removed from said high-carbon ferrochromium; comminuting the material to be treated; and heating said comminuted material at very low subatmospheric pressure and at a temperature sufficient to promote reaction but below the fusion point of the charge.
4. Method as claimed in claim 3 wherein the comminuted material to be desulphurized is pelleted prior to said heating step.
I-IENDRIK DE W. ERASMUS.
(References on following page) 3 4 REFERENCES CITED Number Name Date The following references are of record in the 2,473,019 Erasmus June 141 1949 file Of this patent: OTHER REFERENCES UNITED STATES PATENTS 5 Alloys of Iron and Chromium, vol. II, High Number Name Date Chromium Alloys, pages 346 and 347. Published 35 2 Becket June 25, 1907 in 1940 by the McGraw-Hill Book Company, New 2,172,427 Wulff Sept. 12, 1939 York-
Claims (1)
1. METHOD FOR THE SOLID PHASE DESULPHURIZATION OF FERROCHROMIUM WHICH COMPRISES INCORPORATING WITH SAID FERROCHROMIUM TO BE DESULPHURIZED A QUANTITY OF SILICON AT LEAST EQUAL TO THAT REQUIRED STOICHIOMETRICALLY TO FORM SILICON SULPHIDE WITH THE SULPHUR TO BE REMOVED FROM SAID FERROCHROMIUM; COMMINUTING THE MATERIAL TO BE TREATED; AND HEATING SAID COMMINUTED MATERIAL AT VERY LOW SUBATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE AND AT AN ELEVATED TEMPERATURE SUFFICIENT TO FORM SILICON SULPHIDE BY REACTION BETWEEN THE SULPHUR IN SAID FERROCHROMIUM AND THE SILICON INCORPORATED THEREWITH BUT BELOW THE MELTING POINT OF THE MATERIAL BEING TREATED.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US87853A US2626863A (en) | 1949-04-15 | 1949-04-15 | Desulfurization of metals and alloys by silicon |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US87853A US2626863A (en) | 1949-04-15 | 1949-04-15 | Desulfurization of metals and alloys by silicon |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2626863A true US2626863A (en) | 1953-01-27 |
Family
ID=22207637
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US87853A Expired - Lifetime US2626863A (en) | 1949-04-15 | 1949-04-15 | Desulfurization of metals and alloys by silicon |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2626863A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2939784A (en) * | 1958-09-26 | 1960-06-07 | Union Carbide Corp | Process for elimination of sulfur from metals |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US858328A (en) * | 1907-03-05 | 1907-06-25 | Electro Metallurg Co | Process of reducing vanadium sulfid. |
| US2172427A (en) * | 1937-05-11 | 1939-09-12 | Chemical Foundation Inc | Corrosion-resistant ferrous alloys |
| US2473019A (en) * | 1948-04-13 | 1949-06-14 | Union Carbide & Carbon Corp | Production of ferrochromium |
-
1949
- 1949-04-15 US US87853A patent/US2626863A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US858328A (en) * | 1907-03-05 | 1907-06-25 | Electro Metallurg Co | Process of reducing vanadium sulfid. |
| US2172427A (en) * | 1937-05-11 | 1939-09-12 | Chemical Foundation Inc | Corrosion-resistant ferrous alloys |
| US2473019A (en) * | 1948-04-13 | 1949-06-14 | Union Carbide & Carbon Corp | Production of ferrochromium |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2939784A (en) * | 1958-09-26 | 1960-06-07 | Union Carbide Corp | Process for elimination of sulfur from metals |
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