US2625081A - Broaching machine - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 13, 1953 F. ci. WILSON BROACHING MACHINE- 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed May 9, 1950 3nventor Frank C Wilson,

(Ittorneg Jan. 13, 1953 F. c. WILSON BROACHING MACHINE Filed May 9, 1950 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 3nnentor Id C. WJJSOH,

Gttomeg Jane 13, 1953 F. c. WILSON BROACHING MACHINE 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed May 9, 1850 (Ittorneg 50 F1227? mm.

Frank C 14 173022,

Jan. 13, 1953 F. c. WILSON BROACHING MACHINE 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed May 9, 1950 3nnentor Fran (TM 175m,

Gttorneg Patented Jan. 13, 1953 UNITED STATES ATE-NT OFFICE BROACH'ING MACHINE Wilson, deceased Application May :9, 1950, SerialNo. 160,889

6 Claims. 1

The improvements constituting this invention relate to hydraulic presses and provide a machine which combines the availability for all broaching operations, whether pushing orpulling, with the availability for all ofthe operations of an arbor press.

The improved press is characterized by a rectangular ram-connected operating frame which is available both for broaching and arbor press operations and is movable relatively to a stationary supporting frame including standard structural upright elements suitably connected, either cross bar of the operating frame serving for the operative connection of the broach accordinglyas the breaching operation may be effected'by pulling or pushing. The upper crossbar of the operating frame cooperates with a work supporting bed or platen in'a push broaching'operation and in any of the sundry arbor press operations. The lower cross bar of the operating frame'cooperates with the platen in pull broaching operations.

Th structural elements of the supporting frame may be unfinished, i. e. not machined, which is an advantage from the standpoint of manufacturing economy, in which case novel provision is made for insuring the exact rectilinear movements of the operating frame, notwithstanding any irregularitie in the surface outline of the structural elements.

The improved'press may also be a unit selfcontained as to all essential operating features and, therefore, readily movable to any location on the'fioor of the shop which'may be most convenient'for the particular work to be performed.

In the accompanying drawings:

Fig-ure 1 is a front perspective view of a hydraulic press in accordance with the invention.

Figure 2 is a front elevation of the operating frame with the associated ram elements, certain parts being shown in section.

Figure 3 is a partial rear elevation of the press.

Figure 4 is a top plan view thereof.

Figure 5 is a horizontal sectional viewon' the line 5-5 of Figure 1, parts being shownin' eleva tion.

Figure 6 is-a partial side elevation of the. press,

Figure '7 is a vertical section on the line: 'l T of Figure 5 and is a central sectional projection of the part of the press shown in Figure 6.

Figure 8 is a detail section on thenline 88'of Figure 7, looking in the direction of thearrowsi Figure 9 is a detail section on the line 99 of Figure 2, looking in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 10 is a detail vertical sectional. viewof anelement attached in the manner of a boss to the upper crossbar of the operating fram and which is available for the connection of the breach in a pushing operation and also for the application of pressure to the work in any of the uses of the pressas. an arbor press.

Figure 11 is a detail vertical section in the plane H-il of Figure 5.

Figure 12 is a detail horizontal section on the line l2-l2 of Figure-7.

Fig-urelB is a fragmentary elevation of one of the two similar. platesconnected to the'lower part of the-supporting frame and used in directing the flow of the coolant.

The supporting-frame includes a pair of vertical uprights I and la which are preferably standard channel structural shapes with their flanges facing outward. The uprights are connected by transverse plates arranged in pairs; namely a lower pair 2 (Figure 7') an intermediate pair 3 and upper pairs 4 and 4a (Figure 2). The plates 2, 3, 4 and 4a are arranged adjacent the side edges of the uprights and are connected to their inner faces in any suitable manner, e. g; as by Welding. A bed plate or platen 5 extends between the uprights and is supported by the plates 3, being connected to them by screws 6- (Figure-5). The lower portion. of the supporting frame fits within a boxlwhichmay be lagged tothe floor and-has its upperiside. partiallyopen met 8 (Figure .1) to accommodate the uprights, The uprights and one .of the plates 2 vmaybesuitably attached, e. g. asby welding, tothe rear wall of the box I (Figure 7 The box extends forwardly for a suitable distance andlat the front of the. press carries a removable cover plate 9 which provides a platform upon which the operator may stand. The portion of the box I 'at the .front of the press may be conveniently used to hold various forms of breaching tools which may be supported upon racks I'fi'. Theplaten 5 is provided with an opening 5a through which the. broaching tool I I may move either as a pull broach or'a push breach.

The-operatingframe-comprisesupper and lower cross heads l2 and 1'3 and a pair of vertical tie rods M having shoulderswhich bear against the innerhorizontalfaces-of the cross heads and are formed with threaded terminal extensions which project through openings in the cross heads and carry securing nuts.- The cross-head i2-is arranged above the platen 5' and the crosshead i3 is arranged below it.

The operatingoframe is positively guided. For this purpose a pair of stationary vertical guide rods 15 is-provided, one of whichis carried by each of the uprights adjacent its inner face. The guide rods l may be of any suitable cross sectional shape. As shown and preferred they are cylindrical. The platen 5 is formed with recesses 51) which are open to its end faces and which provide clearances to accommodate the tie rods I4 and the guide rods IS. The cross heads I2 and I3 are formed in their end faces with recesses l6 (Figures 3 and 5) to accommodate suitable bushings |6a which have a close fit upon the guide rods, conforming to them in outline and cross sectional dimensions.

In order to insure the proper alinement of the operating frame, notwithstanding any irregularities in outline of the inner faces of the uprights, each guide rod l5 carries adjustable alining blocks I! (Figure 2), preferably three in each instance, these being provided at or near the upper and lower ends of the guide rod and at an intermediate point. The blocks I1 are recessed to take over the guide rods and are rigidly secured to them by diametrically arranged screws I8 (Figures 7 and 8) tapped into the blocks. Each block I! is connected to an upright by bolt and nut fastenings l9 arranged adjacent opposite sides of the guide rods. The blocks ll carry screws 20 (Figures '7 and 8) which are tapped through the blocks and bear against the inner faces of the uprights. These screws are provided in pairs at each side of the blocks and the screws of each pair are located respectively above and below the bolt fastenings IS. The screws 20 are individually adjustable whereby as a series they will all bear upon the inner face of the adjacent upright or la regardless of any surface irregularities. In effecting the adjustment of the screws 20 the nuts of the fastenings H! are backed off and the screws 20 are then individually turned to engage their terminals with the inner face of the adjacent column. When the adjustment of the screws 28 has been effected the nuts of the fastenings l9 and the screws 20 are tightened against the blocks l'l, thereby securely to attach the blocks to the uprights. The engagement of the screws 20 with the adjacent inner surfaces of the uprights in connection with the capacity for the individual adjustment of the several screws in order to compensate for surface irregularities insures that the blocks will, by means of the screws, have uniform multi-point bearing against the inner faces of the uprights, regardless of surface irregularities, while at the same time guide rods l5 will be maintained in exactly vertical and exactly parallel relation. In this way it is assured that the movements of the operating frame will be free from binding and will be truly rectilinear in a vertical path.

The operating frame is directly ram operated. In the embodiment shown the ram comprises a stationary cylinder 2| and a vertically movable piston rod 22. The ram is located above the operating frame and the rod 22 is directly and rigidly connected to the upper cross bar |2 by a suitable coupling 22a. The cylinder 2| is located between the cross plates of the pairs 4 and 4a and includes a top or cover plate 23. Horizontal supporting plates 24 and 25 for the cylinder 2| bridge the lower plates 4a of the upper pairs at their upper and lower sides. The cover plate 23 and the lower supporting plate 25 are connected by tie rods 26 which pass through openings in the upper supporting plate 24 and carry rigidly attached collars 21 for engagement with the upper face of this plate, thereby to provide for the rigid support of the cylinder 2| by the plates 4a.

The piston rod 22 may be connected to the upper cross head |2 prior to the adjustment of the screws 20 in which case the nuts 21a at the ends of the tie rods 26 will not be tightened until the adjustment of the screws has been completed. The plate 24 preferably carries a pair of upright posts 28 which are located adjacent opposite sides of the cylinder 2|. Between the bars 4 each post 28 carries a screw 29 (Figures 2 and 4) which bears against the cylinder 2| and similar screws 30 are tapped through the upper plates 4 and bear against the cylinder at points midway between the points of bearing of the screws 29. The purpose of the screws 29 and 30 is to make such adjustment of the cylinder 2| relatively to the piston 22 as will insure the perfect alinement of the cylinder and piston and the vertical movement of the piston in a true rectilinear path exactly alined with the path of movement of the operating frame.

The source of the hydraulic power for the actuation of the ram and sundry associated features may have a remote location relatively to the press. The ideal, however, is a press which, as to the power elements, in a self-contained unit. The embodiment disclosed is a press so characterized.

The various parts involved in the hydraulic operation may be located in the box 1. It is preferred, however, that they be supported by a plate 3| (Figures 3 and 4) attached to the upper portions of flanges of the uprights, the attachment being effected preferably by welding. The various essential parts involved in the hydraulic operation and supported by the plate 3| are the reservoir 32 for the hydraulic liquid, the pump 33, the motor 34, the motor shaft 35, the pump shaft 38 and the coupling 31 between the shafts 35 and 36. Merely for the purpose of appearance a dummy panel 3|a may be removably attached to the supporting frame in opposed relation to the plate 3|.

The circuit flow connections between the reservoir and the ram and the features adjunctive to the circuit flow are standard and conventional.

The flow of the hydraulic liquid is controlled by a manually actuated valve 40 known in industrial manufacture as a "four-way valve and having a by-passing feature. This valve may be of any suitable known construction, various forms of which are sold by industrial supply houses. It, therefore, requires no detailed illustration or description, it being deemed sufficient to identify the pipes involved in the circuit flow line and their connections to the valve and to other parts.

The valve 40 is mounted upon the upright la at its outer side. A pipe 38 connected to the output side of the pump extends upwardly and over the top of the supporting frame (Figures 3 and 4) and thence downwardly between the flanges of the upright la and at its lower end is connected to this valve A by-pass pipe 4| is also connected to the valve 40 and to the bottom of the reservoir 32. The valve actuating handle 42 is pivoted and has three positions, namely raised, lowered, and intermediate or neutral. When the handle 42 is in neutral the liquid flows in an idle circuit through the pipe 4| and the reservoir 32. A pipe 43 extends from the valve 40 to the cover plate 23 of the cylinder 2|. When the handle 42 is lowered the liquid under pressure flows through the pipe 43 into the top of the cylinder 2| and causes the ram piston 22 to move downward in ts operati e st isa annihilatin ex nds the liquid in the cylinder 2| above the piston flowing in reverse through the pipe 43 to the valve 40 and thence to the reservoir 32 through the by-pass pipe iii. Similarly, when the liquid enters the upper end ofthe cylinderi-l from the pipe 43 the liquid in the cylinder 2| below the piston flowsin reverse through the pi e 44.1 the valve 4-!) and thence to thereservoir, 3.2 through the by-pass pipe Al. The liquid flows into the lowpressure side of the pump through a pipe 45, which extends from thebottom-of the reservoir- 32.

The conventional adjunctive features are an air-cushion valve;4 .6 arranged in the pipe 44 for the purpose-of preventing a too sudden actionof thepiston in either direction of its movement; a pressure gauge 41 interposedin a line48 which extends between the point of connection of the pipe 44 tothe valve .40 and the casing of the valve 45; a pressure relief valve 49 connected to the pipe 38; a switch 55 mounted on the upright Ia and controlling the starting and stopping of the motor 34; and a reset box also mounted on the upright and connected in the line which leads from the switch 50.

The lower cross head 13 of the operating frame carries at its upper side a centrally located socket 52 (Figures 2 and 7) which is provided at the upper end of a shank 53 extending through an opening in the cross head and held in fixed relation by a securing nut mounted on its lower end. The socket 52 accommodates the lower end of the broaching tool H as used for a pull broaching operation, the tool having a smooth surfaced lower extension Ha. The particular breaching tool selected, of course, depends on whether the broaching is to be internal or external, the tool selected for illustration being adapted for internal broaching. The socket 52 is formed with alining diametrical slots 54 and the lower extension Ha. of the broaching toolis formed with a slot, 55 which registers with the slots 54. The breaching tool is positively connected to the socket 52 bya key 56 which extends through the slots 54 and 55. When the breaching tool is to be connected to the socket 52 the operating frame is moved to its upper position. The. extension I la of the b oaohing tool is then inserted in the socket and the key 55is inserted through the slots 54 and 55. The bars 3, are provided adjacent the platen 5 with recesses 51 (Figure 1) which afford clearances to enable the operator to insert the key 56 as a positive connection between the broaching tool and the socket 52.

The work piece W selected for illustration. has an opening which is in alignment with the opening; 5;; in the platen. In the connection of the breaching tool to the socket .52 the extension 1 la, is initially passed through the opening in the work piece. The breaching operation is effected bythe downward movement of the, operating.

For external breaching-the work piece is secured, to

the platen iby means of any wellknownclamn ns lie r othershop tool ad pted for th purpose-,

For u h r a hin perations h up e cr ss head I2 of the operatingf-rame carries adjacent its lower face a centrally located boss 58 (Figures 3 and 1-0) which may have a flat tool en aging surface but which is preferably in the form of a socket as shown in Figure 10, The boss 58 is,

detachably connected to the cross head 12 and may be removed when its use is not required. In the "socketed form of the boss 58 the breaching tool is preferably positively connected by a key and slot arrangement similar to that above described for the connection of thebloachingtool to the socket 52. When the workconforms to the form W herein shown itis centered upon the. p aten relatively to the lower end of the breachingtool, the operating frame at such time being; in an elevated position. ihereupon the operating frame is moved downward to effect the broachingoperation.

.If the boss 58 be flat surfaced the breaching tool may be initially positioned relatively to the work piece whereby when the operating frame moves downward the boss. 58 will engage the f ner end .of the broaching tool and push it through the work.

In the use of the machine as an arbor press any platen suitable for the particular work to be performed may, if necessary, be substituted for the platen 5 as herein shown. In arbor press work the cross head l2 of the operatingv frame is utilized and if desired or necessary may (as shown. by dot and dash lines in Figure 2). carry a downwardly projecting shank 59 which is alined with the ram piston rod 22 and performs. the

work that is performed by the downwardly projecting piston rod or plunger of the ram of. thev usual arbor press. Where, the shank 59, is used the cross head i2 may carry a detachably connected boss 56 which may be generally similar to the boss 58 as shown in Figure 10 and to which the shank 59 may be rigidly attached in any suitable manner.

In broaching work it is necessary to use, a coolant. The drawings disclose acoolant circulating system incorporated with the press as a selfcontained unit and which is integrated with the supporting frame construction and the box 1.

The box I which is of suitably greater width than the distance between the uprights includes a transverse partition BI located in front of, and

0 shown in Figure 12), the web of the upright Ia,

and a partition 62, coplanar with said web and located between it and the partition 6 I, provide a tank 63 which is at once a reservoir and a sump tank for the coolant. Therear wall of the box "I, the upright la, the partitionv62, the partition 61 and the end wall of the box at the rightv (as shown in Figure, 12,) provide a chamber v64 in communication with the reservoir. 63' by screened openings 65 (F ur s? a d. ormed in the wehof the upright la and the partition 62 near their lower ends, The circulation of the coolant isv efiected by a motordriven pump 66, the motor feature. 6] of which is supported upon the top of'the box] adjacent theouter side of the upright la. and the pump feature 68 of which (Figure 6) is located in the chamber 64, The pump feature includes :at.

itslowpressure side an inlet 69 inopen communi,

cation with the chamber and at its outletside is-in, communication with a pipe;l0- through which;

7 the coolant is forced under suitable pressure. At its upper end the pipe 10 is connected to a flexible hose section H terminating in a nozzle 12 (Figures 1 and 5). The operator, grasping the section H, directs the coolant discharged from the nozzle 12 against the breaching tool at a point adjacent and above the work piece W. The excess coolant flows upon the platen 5 and cascades from its transverse edges. The flow of the coolant as discharged by the nozzle H may be regulated by a valve a (Figures 1 and 6) fitted in the pipe 10 near its upper end.

The coolant circulating system includes dished panels 13 respectively adjacent the front and rear sides of the lower portion of the supporting frame and extending between the platen 5 and the box I. The panels 13 are supported for quick detachment and for this purpose are provided with inturned marginal side flanges 14.

For the purpose of the attachment of the panels 13 the flanges of the uprights are provided with headed studs 15 (Figure l) and below the studs with ogee shouldered brackets 16. The flanges 74 are provided near their upper ends with keyhole slots 11. In the attachment of the panels 13 the keyhole slots are articulated in the usual manner with the studs 14 and the panels are then lowered until the lower edges of the flanges M are behind the upwardly projecting portions of the brackets 16 and confined between them and the adjacent flanges of the uprights. When it is required that the panels be removed they are raised sufficiently for the larger ends of the keyhole slots to aline with the heads of the studs 14 and for the lower edges of the fianges 14 to be above the upwardly projecting portions of the brackets 15, whereupon the panels are freely detachable.

The upper edges of the panels 13 (Figure 7) are spaced in suitable degree from the side faces of the platen 5 to provide clearance passages 18 through which the coolant cascades. On their inner faces the panels are provided (Figure l) with downwardly converging strips '19 which extend from the upper edges of the panels at points beyond the ends of the platen 5 and are spaced at their lower ends to provide a coolant discharge passage 80. Either (or both) of the strips 19 may have at its lower end a downward vertical extension 8! to effect the issuance of the coolant in a concentrated stream. Suitably below the lower ends of the strips '19 the panels are each provided with a transverse strip 82 downwardly and inwardly inclined, the strips 82 projecting into the upper end of the reservoir 63. The coolant cascading from the side edges of the platen 5 is directed by the strips 79 to the passage 80 and thence falls upon the strips 82 by which it is directed into the reservoir 63. The coolant which follows the breaching tool through the opening 50. of the platen, of course, falls into the reservoir 63.

The coolant which is discharged into the reservoir 63 carries the chips and small metal particles resultant from the breaching operation. In order that the coolant as delivered by the nozzle 72 may be free of the chips and metal particles a basket 83 of wire screen mesh of suitable gage is supported within the reservoir 53 upon the upper faces of the cross plates 2. The coolant flows through the meshes of the screen mesh walls of the basket 82 into the reservoir 63 and the chips and other metal particles, which will not pass through the meshes, ar retained in the basket as shown in Figure 7, When the accumulation of chips and metal particles in the basket is in" sufficient degree to require the cleaning of the basket the panels 13 are removed and the basket is lifted from the reservoir 63 and removed from the machine to be cleaned. In order that the basket may be conveniently so lifted and removed its nd walls are provided with suitable bails 84.

The panels 13 are provided along their upper edges (Figures 7 and 13) with recesses which register with the recesses 5'! of the bars 3 to enable the fitting or removal of the key 56, the edges of the recesses 84 being preferably finished with beadin 86 for the protection of the operators hands in the application and removal of the key 56.

The motor feature 61 of the pump 66 is connected in circuit with the switch 50 whereby both motors 34 and 61 may be started and stopped at the same time, the circuit of the motor 61 being regulated by a micro-switch under the control of the valve handle 42 and being open when the valve handle is in its neutral position. Since the circuit features, including the micro-switch arrangement, are within the routine skill of any competent electrician, their illustration is deemed unnecessary. The circuit of the motor feature 61 also includes a standard reset box 81 which is supported by the upright la.

Iclaim:

l. A hydraulic press available selectively for push or pull breaching operations and arbor press operations comprising a supporting frame composed of parallel uprights and transverse plates connecting the uprights, a fixed horizontal platen mounted between the uprights, an operating frame comprising upper and lower cross heads and tie rods rigidly connecting the cross heads and maintaining them in spaced parallel relation, the lower cross head being arranged below the platen, and the upper cross head being arranged above the platen, either cross head being available for cooperation with a breaching tool, the upper cross head being used in cooperation with the platen for push breaching and arbor press operations and the lower cross head being used in cooperation with the platen for pull breaching, a pair of parallel vertical guide rods, each guide rod being connected for support to a corresponding upright and arranged adjacent its inner face, the cross heads having their end portions articulated with the guide reds for guiding cooperation, and a vertical hydraulic ram carried by the supporting frame and located outside the operating frame, the ram including a vertically movable element connected to one of the cross heads at a point central thereof and in alinement with the central vertical axis of the operating frame, thereby to effect the downward and upward movement of the operating frame.

2. A hydraulic press as set forth in claim 1 wherein the vertical guide rods each carry in fixed and spaced relation blocks for supporting connection to the uprights, each block carrying a plurality of individually adjustable screws, the terminals of which bear against the inner faces of the uprights, the adjustment of the screws in the blocks compensating for surface irregularities in the uprights and insuring that the guide rods are supported in truly vertical and parallel relation.

3. A hydraulic press as set forth in claim 1 wherein the platen is mounted upon a pair of transverse plates connecting the uprights, the

lower cross head is provided with a centrally arranged socket for a breaching tool and the plates which support the platen are provided with recesses to enable the manual connection or disconnection of the broaching tool relatively to the socket.

4. A hydraulic press as set forth in claim 1 wherein a transverse connection between the uprights of the supporting frame is arranged above the operating frame, the stationary element of the ram is a fixed vertical cylinder connected for support to the transverse connection arranged above the operating frame, and means located suitably above said transverse connection is provided for adjusting the position of the cylinder with respect to a perpendicular axis in order to insure its accurate axial alinement with the central vertical axis of the operating frame.

5. A hydraulic press as set forth in claim 1 wherein the vertical guide rods each carry in fixed and spaced relation blocks for supporting connection with the uprights, each block carrying a plurality of individually adjustable screws, the terminals of which bear against the inner face of the uprights, the adjustment of the screws in the blocks compensating for surface irregularities in the uprights and insuring that the guide rods are supported in truly vertical and parallel relation, a transverse connection between the uprights of the supporting frame is arranged above the operating frames, the stationary element of the ram is a fixed vertical cylinder connected for support to the transverse connection arranged above the operating frame, and means located suitably above said transverse connection is provided for adjusting the position of the cylinder with respect to a perpendicular axis in order to insure its axial alinement with the central vertical axis of the operating frame.

6. A hydraulic press as set forth in claim 1 wherein a lower pair of transverse plates connecting the uprights is arranged above the operating frame, an upper pair of transverse plates connecting the uprights is arranged above the lower pair, the stationary element of the ram is a fixed cylinder connected for support to, and extending upwardly from, the lower pair of transverse plates, fixed upright posts extend from the lower plates to the upper plates and between the upper plates and screws are tapped I through the posts and through the plates of the upper pair for engagement with the cylinder in order to adjust its position with respect to a perpendicular axis, thereby to insure its accurate alinement with the central vertical axis of the operating frame.

FRANK C. WILSON.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,831,960 LaPointe Nov. 17, 1931 1,875,033 LaPointe Aug. 30, 1932 1,905,164.- Ferris et al Apr. 25, 1933 2,140,838 Hart Dec. 20, 1938 2,180,477 Morton Nov. 21, 1939 2,333,147 Bonnafe Nov. 2, 1943

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