US2623027A - Stain filler sealer - Google Patents

Description

Patented Dec. 23, 1952 STAIN FILLER SEALER George L. Deniston and Orion William Berglund,

liayton, Ohio, assignors to Chadeloid Corporatron, Dayton, Ohio, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Original application June 4, 1949, Serial No. 97,330. Divided and this application February 28, 1950, Serial No. 146,924

9 Claims. 1

This invention relates to wood finishing. More particularly it relates to a method of staining, filling and sealing wood. Still more particularly it relates to compositions which in a single application perform the three functions of staining wood, filling the pores, and sealing the surface preparatory to application of finish coatings.

This application is a division of our co-pending application, Serial No. 97,330, filed June 4, 1949.

Conventional stain fillers are known whereby the steps of staining, applying a wash coating of shellac and the like, and then applying a filler, have been reduced to a single operation. However, after these stain fillers are applied, the wood surface must be dried for at least 12 hours before the surface can be sanded and a sanding sealer applied.

Another disadvantage of prior commercial stain fillers is an oil vehicle is utilized. This oil is deposited on the surface of the wood in a thin film which does not dry readily. This film is still present when the lacquer is applied and tends to retard the drying and hardening of the lacquer film, which in turn slows down finishing operations. v

It is an object of the present invention to over-- come the disadvantages and difficulties associated with the above described stain fillers.

v It is a further object of the present invention to provide wood finishing compositions which prepare the wood for final lacquer coating and finish coating.

It is a still further object of the present in vention to provide a stain-filler-sealer in which there is nooil vehicle. 7

It is another object of the present invention to provide stain-filler-sealer compositions which seal the wood pores thereby eliminating the necessity for a sanding sealer.

A still further object of this invention is to produce a stain-filler-sealer composition which eliminates or reduces to a minimum shrinkage in the pores of the wood surface, thus leaving a prepared surface ready to receive a lacquer coat.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method of finishing wood wherein the stain-filling-sealing operation is performed in one step, and the wood prepared for lacquer spraying in less than ten minutes.

A still further object of the present invention is to provide a stain-filler-sealer composition of a transparency which brings out the natural rain of the wood.

A still further object of the invention is to simplify manufacturing procedure and to eliminate need for time consuming ball mill operations Still further objects and advantages of this invention will appear to those skilled in the art as the description proceeds.

In carrying out the objects of this invention, a coating composition is prepared which has incorporated therein, in addition to the stain filler components, dye and solvent, two different types of resins which apparently cooperate with one another to impart a sealing and hardening characteristic.

In a co-pending application by George L. Deniston, one of the inventors in the instant application, Serial No. 97,329, filed June 4, 1949, entitled Stain Filler Compositions and Pigmented Fillers Therefor, there is disclosed a stain filler having as a component of the composition certain air-drying resins.

These compositions, while excellent stain fillers, fail to have a sealing character. Now applicants have discovered that the combination of a pure air-drying alkyd or equivalent resin and a modified synthetic resin of the drying type having a short oil length, can be combined to impart to stain fillers the additional property of sealing the stained and filled wood surface.

in air when spread as a thin .film.

The companion or hardener resins which are necessary to obtain a resin combination having sealing characteristics are best exemplified by modified alkyd and modified phenolic resins. Excellent results are obtainable with a phenolic modified alkyd resin of phthalic anhydride-glycerol base, such as is sold under the trade name of Beckosol #1338.

When utilizing combinations of resins such as is described above, it has been found that standard combinations of stain-filler solvents produce unsatisfactory sealer solutions. The new combination of solvent vehicles utilizes as the major component of the solvent mixture, condensed ketones such as, for example, di-acetonealcohol.

To this base component is added solvents which have solvent power for either the dyetsuffs or the resins or both. Use of a single solvent simplifies formulation problems, but is not essential. Two or more compatible solvents having solvent power for one or the other of the basic constituents are equally effective.

The solvents in which acid organic dyestuffs are soluble are characterized by the presence of the hydroxyl group. Useful solvents having solvent power for resins as well as for the acid dyestuffs are the Carbitols, for example, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether; the Cellosolves such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol and equivalent alcohols.

Additional solvents useful in various solvent combinations are the amino alkyl alcohols, such as methyl amino propanol, ethyl amino butanol, cyclic alcohols such as furfuryl alcohol, cyclohexanol in mixture with each other or in mixtures with volatile alcohols.

These volatile alcohols are usually added in the form of a thinner mixture often composed of aromatic hydrocarbon, such as toluol, xylol, aromatic naphthas and alcohol, but more often consisting simply of aliphatic alcohols, such as ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, butanol amyl alcohol. A minor proportion of esters of said aliphatic alcohols, such as ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, and the like, may sometimes be added to the thinner.

All acid organic dyestuffs are operative for the process and the product of this invention. Thus, for example, the following dyestuffs may be utilized: Buffalo Black NBR Conc. 126%, Black Stain B34951, Nigrosine 4523J Conc. Powder; the

following yellow dyestuffs: Fast Wool Yellow 3 1' GL Conc. 125%, Fast Light Yellow 3G Ex. Conc., Fast Light Yellow D3GA; the following orangeyellow dyestuffs: Metanil Yellow 1955, Calcocid Yellow MXXX Conc.; the following orange dye- As inert pigments which have a darkening effect mainly upon the pores of the wood, we

may utilize such materials as burnt umber, sienha, burnt sienna, iron oxides, carbon black, activated carbon and the like.

Additional substances which may be added to the composition to improve one or more characteristics are dispersing and bodying agents.

Useful dispersing agents are morpholine, which is a secondary amine, or sulfonates or sulfates such as the sodium salt of alkyl naphthalene sulfonic acid (Darvan) and sodium heptadecyl sulfate (Tergitol #7).

Bodying agents may be selected from such rcpresentative groups as the polyvinyl family and metal soaps. Polyvinyl alcohol is preferred, but other compounds, such as polyvinyl acetate, may be used in its place.

Representative metal soaps are aluminum stearate, magnesium stearate. v

The compositions of this invention are prepared by simply mixing the ingredients together. Preferably the dye or dyes are wetted with methanol in an agitator such as a pony mixer. To the Wetted dye mixture is added a solvent such as diethylene glycol monoethyl ether and the mixture agitated until all the dye is dissolved.

- The mixture is continuously agitated while the other components, for example, diacetone alcohol, are added; then the resins; followed by polyvinyl alcohol; and lastly the fillers are added. A very simple and inexpensive method of manufacture, saves grinding time, and eliminates the use of expensive ball mills.

After thorough mixing, the composition is ready to be diluted to the desired consistency for brushing or spraying onto a wood surface.

After the stain-filler-sealer has been applied to the wood, the excess material is removed by padding or wiping which is standard stain-filler practice.

The stain-filler composition of this invention may be air dried in approximately 8 minutes after wiping and then sprayed with lacquer. The lacquer coat is dried 30 to minutes as desired before sanding and finishing to suit the operator.

Operations with the compositions of this invention may be speeded up by force drying. For example, the stain-filler-sealer may be force dried for five minutes at 120 to 140 F. immediately after it is wiped. It is then cooled for at least five minutes before the lacquer is sprayed.

The lacquer coat is air dried for a period of four to five minutes, and the coated wood returned to the same oven for approximately ten -minutes.

stuffs: Fast Light Orange 2G, Fast Light Orange 7 Certain of the fillers, such as Silene and Silexy are preferred because they can be used Without darkening pigments and thereby impart a clearness and transparency to the coating composition. Further, they enhance the natural brilliance of the wood.

Silex,

Upon its removal from the oven it is cooled for at least five minutes before sanding and then applying the next lacquer coat.

By use of force drying throughout the entire finishing process, the rubbing operation with rotten stone, oil, pumice or other types of rubbing compound, may be performed 30 minutes after drying of final drying lacquer coat.

The quantities of the basic constituents may be varied within reasonable limits depending upon the specific formulation desired. In general, it may be stated that a formulation including ethylene glycol monoethyi ether may have the ether and the companion alcohols which form a dye solvent vary from 5 to 50 parts methanol. 5 to 108 parts ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, and from 5 to parts of di-acetone alcohol.

The dye may constitute from 1 to 50 parts or more of the dye-solvent solution, depending upon the amount of 'inerts which wi-llbe added at a later step.

The resins may be varied from to 100 parts, depending upon the quantity of inerts being incorporated.

Polyvinyl alcohol, the preferred thickening agent, may be varied from 5 to 50 parts by weight.

Inasmuch as inerts cover a wide range of materiaLa specific proportion is very indefinite, but in general, it may be stated that the inerts may vary from to 100 parts by weight.

When a thinner mixture of, for example, methanol, toluol and ethyl acetate is used, the methanol may constitute from 5 to 75 parts of the thinner mixture. Ethyl acetate may be varied from 5 to parts, and the toluol may be varied from 5 to parts by weight.

Dispersing agents in general may be varied from about 1 part by weight of the total mixture to 20 partsby weight of the total mixture.

In thefollowing examples a few embodiments of the invention are illustrated and without intending thereby to limit the invention thereto:

Example I Parts 1. Methanol 3.1 2. Mahogany dye 2. 1

3.- Methyl Carbitol (diethylene glycol monomethyl ether) 3.5 4. Diacetone alcohol 1 15.5 5. Air-drying phthalic. anhydride-glycerol resin' (Beckosol #1313 E. L.) 4.0 5. Phenol modified phthalic anhydrides glcerol resin (Beckosol hardener #1338) 6.0 7. Polyvinyl alcohol low vis 3.0 8. Silex silica 325 mesh 62.5

The above mixture was prepared for application as a stain-filler-sealer by thinning out 5.5 pounds of the mix with 1 gallon of a thinner composed of by weight of methanol, 40% by weight of toluol, and 25% by weight of ethyl acetate. This gives a consistency suitable for spraying.

It will be recognized that the quantity and componenets of thinner may be varied to give any desired consistency, or that the proportions of thinners may be varied to alter the drying character of the stain filler-sealer.

The above composition before-dilution was stable and underwent no change during storage. However, when out with thinners and dried, as explained above, the alkyd resins oxidized to form a tough coating in the pores of the wood.

Example II Parts Methanol 9.1 Mahogany dye 3.4 Methyl Carbitol (-diethylene glycol monomethyl ether) 8.8 Diacetone alcohol 27.0 Air-drying phthalic anhydride-glycerol resin (Beckosol Resin #1313 E. L.) 11.5 Phenol modified phthalic anhydride-glycerol resin (Beckosol Hardener #1338) 17.2 Polyvinyl alcohol low vis 8.6 Silene E. F. precipitated calcium silicate--- 14.4

Example III I Parts Methanol 10.2 Croceine Orange dye 13.1 Croceine- Scarlet dye 4.2 Buffalo Black dye 3.5 'Ietrahydrofurfuryl alcohol 5 6 Diacetone alcohol 24.9 Tergitol #7 1.33 A-ir-dryingphthalic anhydride-glycerol res- In (Beckosol Resin #1313 E. L.) 10.6 Phenol modified phthalic. anhydride-glycerol resin (Beckosol Hardener #1338) 15.9

The above mixture is in the form of a solutionsuspension which is applied to the wood and the excess remaining on the surface of the wood wiped off.

W The' stain-filler-sealer of the foregoing. examples all produce compositions giving excellent surface which are relatively smooth and ready for lacquer finishing.

It will be understood that while there have been given herein certain specific examples of the practice of this invention, it is not intended thereby to have this invention limited to or circumscribed by the specific details of materials, proportions, or conditions herein specified, in view of the fact that this invention may be modified according to individual preference or conditions without necessarily departing from the spirit of this disclosure and the scope of the appended claims.

; -We claim:

1. As a new article of manufacture, a stamfiller-sealer containing substantially no oil vehicle comprising a solvent characterized by the presence of a glycol ether, acid organic dyestuff, diacetone alcohol, inert filler to the extent of between about 10 to parts by weight of the composition, and the combination of an air drying phenolic modified alkyd resin and an air drying binder resin selected from the group consisting of unmodified alkyd resins of phthalic anhydride base, and urea-formaldehyde resin in solution in said solvent.

' 2. As a new article of manufacture, a stainfiller-sealer containing substantially no oil vehicle comprising a solvent characterized by the presence of a glycol ether, acid organic dyestufl, inert filler to the extent of between about 10 to 100 parts by Weight of the composition, and the combination of an air-drying phenolic modified alkyd resin and an air-drying binder resin selected from the group consisting of unmodified alkyd resins of phthalic anhydride base, and. urea-formaldehyde resin, in solution in said solvent base.

3. As a coating composition for wood, a solution-suspension containing a solution of acid organic dyestuif in a glycol ether, an inert filler to the extent of between about 10 to 100 parts by weight of the composition, diacetone alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol bodying agent, an air-drying unmodified alkyd resin binder and a phenol modifled alkyd resin.

4. As a coating composition for wood, a solution suspension containing ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, an inert filler to the extent of between about 10 to 100 parts by weight of the composition, diacetone alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol, an air-drying unmodified alkyd resin binder, and a phenol modified alkyd resin.

5. In a transparent wood staining, fillin an sealing composition, a solution-suspension combination of a solvent characterized by the presence of a glycol ether, acid organic dyestufi,

diacetone alcohol, an inert filler selected from the group consisting of silica and precipitated calcium silicate, polyvinyl alcohol, and as a basic binder an air-drying alkyd resin, and as a hard ener a phenol modified alkyd resin. 1 f,

6. In a transparent wood staining, filling and sealing composition, the solution-suspension combination of a solvent characterized by diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, acid organic dyestuff, diacetone alcohol, an inert filler, polyvinyl alcohol, and as a basic binder an air-drying phthalic base alkyd resin, and as a hardener a phenolic modified alkyd resin.

'7. As a new article of manufacture a stainfiller-sealer composition consistin essentially of approximately 3.1 parts of ethylene glycol monoethylether, 15.5 parts diacetone alcohol, 40 parts air drying alkyd resin as a binder, 6.0 parts air drying'phenol modified phthalic anhydride-glycerol resin as a hardener, 3.0 parts polyvinyl alcohol, *62.5 par-ts inert filler,- and 2.4- parts acidorganic dyestufi. 8; Asa new article-of manufacture a stainfiller-sealer composition consisting approximately of 27.0 parts diacetone alcohol, 8.8 parts diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, 11.5' parts air drying alkyd resinas a'binder, 17.2 parts air drying phenol modified phthalic anhydride-glycerol resin as a hardener, 8.6 parts polyvinyl alcohol, and 14.4 partsinert filler. a

-9. As a new article of manufacture a stain filler-sealer composition which is substantially free of oil vehicle and comprises acid organic dyestuff and a solvent comprising a mixture of diacetone alcohol and a glycol ether, and as a hardener an air-drying phenol modified phthalic 211'.- hydride-glycerol resin and inert filler, said resin comprising from about 5 to 100 parts by weight of the composition and said inert material comprising from about 10 to 100 parts by weight of the composition, and as abinder asubstantial amount of an air-drying alkyd resin. 7 GEORGE L.'DENISTO N. ORION WILLIAM BERGLUND.

REFERENCES CITED The following references, are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS H I O'IfI-I ER REFERENCES. v Page 496,Lan'ges Handbook of Chemistry, fifth edition, published by Handbook Publishers, 'Inc.,

Sandusky'Ohio; 1944."

Claims (1)

1. AS A NEW ARTICLE OF MANUFACTURE, A STAINFILLER-SEALER CONTAINING SUBSTANTIALLY NO OIL VEHICLE COMPRISING A SOLVENT CHARACTERIZED BY THE PRESENCE OF A GLYCOL ETHER, ACID ORGANIC DYESTUFF, DIACETONE ALCOHOL, INERT FILLER TO THE EXTENT OF BETWEEN ABOUT 10 TO 100 PARTS BY WEIGHT OF THE COMPOSITION, AND THE COMBINATION OF AN AIR DRYING PHENOLIC MODIFIED ALKYD RESIN AND AN AIR DRYING BINDER RESIN SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF UNMODIFIED ALKYD RESINS OF PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE BASE, AND UREA-FORMALDEHYDE RESIN IN SOLUTION IN SAID SOLVENT.