US2621638A - Fluid cooling of reciprocating piston - Google Patents

Fluid cooling of reciprocating piston Download PDF

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Publication number
US2621638A
US2621638A US211875A US21187551A US2621638A US 2621638 A US2621638 A US 2621638A US 211875 A US211875 A US 211875A US 21187551 A US21187551 A US 21187551A US 2621638 A US2621638 A US 2621638A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
piston
chamber
crown
passages
oil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US211875A
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English (en)
Inventor
Chatterton Ernest Edward
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Napier Turbochargers Ltd
Original Assignee
D Napier and Son Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by D Napier and Son Ltd filed Critical D Napier and Son Ltd
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Publication of US2621638A publication Critical patent/US2621638A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/0015—Multi-part pistons
    • F02F3/003—Multi-part pistons the parts being connected by casting, brazing, welding or clamping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/16—Pistons  having cooling means
    • F02F3/20—Pistons  having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston
    • F02F3/22—Pistons  having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston the fluid being liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J1/00—Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers
    • F16J1/09—Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers with means for guiding fluids

Definitions

  • This invention relates to pistons of the kind comprising a crown portion and a skirt portion with a ring-carrying portion between them provided with one or more ring grooves, and more particularly to pistons for internal combustion engines designed to operate under high load or other conditions in which the rate of heat now to the piston tends to be high.
  • the limit of output may be determined by the maximum temperature to which the piston can be brought without risk of mechanical failure or without affecting adversely conditions Within the combustion chamber or causing the function of the rings to be impaired, as by the rings reaching a temperature at which lubrication between them and the cylinder wall tends to break down or by the formation of excessive carbon in the grooves.
  • the object of :the present invention is to provide a modified arrangement of this type also aimed at minimising any transference of heat from the crown of the piston to the ring-carrying portion.
  • a piston of the kind referred to has an annular chamber behind the ring groove or grooves extending towards or into the skirt portion and closed at its lower end, a. crown-cooling chamber extending across the under surface of the piston crown, communieating with the annular chamber through one or more cooling liquid transfer passages and provided with one or more outlets communicat-v ing with the open interior of the piston, and means for delivering heat-transfer liquid from the connecting rod to the annular chamber in such quantity that it will be shaken from end to end of the annular chamber by the reciproca-tion of the piston and surplus liquid will be caused to 2 and for convenience, therefore, will be referred to herein as oil.
  • the transfer passage or each transfer passage opens out of the annular chamber at a point in its length such as to limit and determine the quantity of oil maintained in the annular chamber during reciprocation of the piston, that is to say so that the vtransfer passage or passages act as spill ports through which surplus oil covering the ports when the oil is thrown to the upper end of the chamber during each reciprocation of the piston is ejected into the crown-cooling chamber.
  • the form of the crown-cooling chamber may vary but in a preferred arrangement it comprises an annular channel lying adjacent to the circumference of the piston crown, a central pocket lying adjacent to the centre of the piston crown, and a series of channels extending between the annular channel and the central pocketk and vthrough which the oil is caused to flow in its passage from the transfer passage or passages to the outlet or outlets.
  • the transfer passage or passages conveniently communicate with the central pocket, while tWo or more outlet passages extend from circumferentially displaced points in the annular channel into the open interior of the piston.
  • a piston according to the invention may be constructed in various ways but one construction of such a piston is illustrated by way of example iri the accompanying drawings, in which Figure l is a plan view partly in section and partly broken away to show the form of the crown-cooling chamber,
  • Figure 2 is a sectional side elevation on the line 2-2 of Figure 1, and
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view on the lineA 3-3 of Figure 1.
  • the piston comprises inner and outer parts A and B, the outer part A being of tubular form and comprising a -K crown A1, a ring-carrying portion A2 provided pass through the transfer passage or passagesV with ring grooves A3 and a skirt portion A4, the ring-carrying portion having an internal diameter which is less than that of the skirt portion, while the skirt portion is provided with an internal flange A5, having a circumferential groove A6 therein.
  • the inner part B of the piston is of plug-like external form vand is provided internally with a wide diametral web B1 the lower end of which is forked to provide two gudgeon pin bosses B2 to receive the ends of a gudgeon pin C by which the connecting rod D is connected to the piston.
  • the external formation of the inner part B ls such, as shown, as to form with the portions A2 and A4 of the outer part A an annular chamber E which is closed at its lower end by the flange A5, the inner part B being rigidly secured within the outer part A by an expanding spring ring F engaging the groove A6 in the flange A5 and having a wide angle frusto-conical lower face cooperating with a similar face of the groove so as to exert an upward wedging action on the inner part B.
  • a crown-cooling chamber comprising an annular channel G lying adjacent to the circumference of the piston crown, a central pocket G1 at the centre of the crown and a series of radial channels G2 connecting the channel G to the Docket G1.
  • the upper end of the connecting rod D is formed in known manner to make a substantially fluid-tight seal with a part of the web B1 and has oil supply passages D1, D2 formed therein by which oil is fed toa collecting chamber K formed in this web and communicating with the annular chamber E by way of two oil delivery passages K1.
  • a piston for an internal combustion engine comprising a crown portion and a skirt portion with a ring-carrying portion between them provided with one or more ring grooves and including an annular chamber behind the ring grooves extending towards or into the skirt por- CTI tion and closed at its lower end, a crown cooling chamber extending across the under surface of the piston crown and communicating with the annular chamber through at least one cooling liquid transfer passage at a point intermediate in the length of the annular chamber and provided with at least one liquid outlet leading into the open interior of the piston, means for coupling the piston to a connecting rod and at least one passage for delivering heat-transfer liquid from the connecting rod into the annular chamber.
  • a piston as claimed in claim l in which the transfer passage or passages extend from a point in the annular chamber such that the internal volume of the part of the annular chamber lying on the side of that point adjacent to the piston crown is less than half the total volume of the chamber.
  • the crown cooling chamber comprises an annular channel lying adjacent to the circumference of the piston crown, a central pocket lying adjacent to the centre of the piston crown, and a series of channels extending between the annular channel and the central pocket, which channels in association with the annular channel and the central pocket constituting communicating passages between the transfer passage or passages and the outlet or outlets.
  • the crown cooling chamber comprises an annular channel lying adjacent to the circumference of the piston crown, a central pocket lying adjacent to the centre of the piston crown, and a series of channels extending between the annular channel and the central pocket and constituting passages for the flow of liquid from the transfer passage or passages to the outlet or outlets and in which the transfer passage leads from a point in the length of the annular chamber such that the volume of the part of the chamber between that point and the piston crown is less than half the total volume of the chamber.
  • a piston as claimed in claim 1 and comprising a tubular outer part carrying the ring grooves and having a closed end constituting the piston crown, and a plug-like inner part rigidly mounted within the outer part, forming therewith the annular chamber and the crown cooling chamber and having formed therein the transfer passage or passages and the outlet or outlets, means formed 011 the inner parl? for attachment thereof to a ⁇ connecting rod by means Qf a gudgecn pin,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
US211875A 1950-02-28 1951-02-20 Fluid cooling of reciprocating piston Expired - Lifetime US2621638A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB301898X 1950-02-28

Publications (1)

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US2621638A true US2621638A (en) 1952-12-16

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US211875A Expired - Lifetime US2621638A (en) 1950-02-28 1951-02-20 Fluid cooling of reciprocating piston

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BE (1) BE501587A (en))
CH (1) CH301898A (en))

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2720871A (en) * 1952-06-23 1955-10-18 Morris Dev Company Piston and connecting rod assembly
US2788774A (en) * 1953-11-09 1957-04-16 Napier & Son Ltd Fluid cooling of reciprocating pistons
US4005686A (en) * 1975-06-26 1977-02-01 J. Wizemann & Co. Piston-pin for liquid cooled pistons
JP2013238227A (ja) * 2012-05-11 2013-11-28 Man Diesel & Turbo Se 内燃エンジンのピストン

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2442408A (en) * 1944-09-15 1948-06-01 Specialloid Ltd Piston cooling construction
US2534573A (en) * 1948-03-22 1950-12-19 Napier & Son Ltd Piston

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2442408A (en) * 1944-09-15 1948-06-01 Specialloid Ltd Piston cooling construction
US2534573A (en) * 1948-03-22 1950-12-19 Napier & Son Ltd Piston

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2720871A (en) * 1952-06-23 1955-10-18 Morris Dev Company Piston and connecting rod assembly
US2788774A (en) * 1953-11-09 1957-04-16 Napier & Son Ltd Fluid cooling of reciprocating pistons
US4005686A (en) * 1975-06-26 1977-02-01 J. Wizemann & Co. Piston-pin for liquid cooled pistons
JP2013238227A (ja) * 2012-05-11 2013-11-28 Man Diesel & Turbo Se 内燃エンジンのピストン

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH301898A (fr) 1954-09-30
BE501587A (en))

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