US2621310A - Thermionic valve - Google Patents

Thermionic valve Download PDF

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Publication number
US2621310A
US2621310A US96429A US9642949A US2621310A US 2621310 A US2621310 A US 2621310A US 96429 A US96429 A US 96429A US 9642949 A US9642949 A US 9642949A US 2621310 A US2621310 A US 2621310A
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Prior art keywords
disc
valve
anode
cathode
circuit
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Expired - Lifetime
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US96429A
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Bell James
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MO Valve Co Ltd
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MO Valve Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J21/00—Vacuum tubes
    • H01J21/02—Tubes with a single discharge path
    • H01J21/06—Tubes with a single discharge path having electrostatic control means only
    • H01J21/065—Devices for short wave tubes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a thermionic valve type oscillator for operation at high frequencies, for example, frequencies of the order of one thousand megacycles per second.
  • thermionic valves for operation at high frequencies are provided in which a control grid electrode is mounted on a disc-seal, so that in the case of a triode valve, for example, the disc-seal is earthed in operation and thus provides substantial screening between the anode and the cathode, the anode and the cathode lying on opposite sides of the disc-seal.
  • the object of this invention is to overcome the above disadvantage while retaining the advantages of low electrode-lead inductance obtained by the use of the disc-seal form of construction.
  • a high frequency oscillator including a thermionic valve having at least an anode, a cathode and a control electrode all contained in an envelope, the anode being supported by a metal disc sealed through the walls of the envelope in such manner that the seals of the respective lead-in connections through the envelope to the cathode and control electrode lie on opposite sides of the disc, the oscillator having two high frequency resonant circuits associated therewith, the first of which is connected between the disc and lead-in connection to the cathode, and the second of which is connected between the disc and lead-in connection to the control electrode.
  • Figure 1 shows a diagrammatic central sectional view of a thermionic valve for use in an oscillator according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a coaxial-line circuit suitable for use with a thermionic valve such as is shown in Figure 1 parts of the outer conductors of the circuit being cut away to show internal details.
  • the valve is provided with a cylindrical glass envelope I through one end of which is sealed a hollow metal cylinder 2 which supports a hollow cylindrical nickel cathode 3, the envelope I, cylinder 2, and cathode '2 3 all being coaxial.
  • the end furthest from the cylinder 2 and its outer longitudinal surface is provided with a.
  • the cathode 3 is provided with a spiral heater 4, one end of which is connected to the cathode '3.
  • the other end of the heater 4 is connected to a lead 5 which is disposed along the axis of the cylinder 2 and which is connected to .
  • a hollow metal pin 5 sealed into the outermost end of cylinder 2 by means of an insulating plug '7.
  • the interior of the cylinder 2 is sealed by means of a glass plug -8.
  • the control electrode is in the form of .a squirrel-cage grid 9 mounted so that it surrounds the cathode 3 .coaxially.
  • Thegrid 9 is supported by means of .an annular .copper disc II! disposed perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the grid 9.
  • the disc I0 is sealed through the .envelope I in the conventional manner to provide the lead-in connection to the control electrode.
  • the anode consists of a hollow open-ended copper cylinder I I disposed coaxially around the grid 9.
  • the cylinder II forms an integral part of a second copper disc I2, which is disposed parallel to the disc [0 and is sealed through the envelope I in the conventional manner to provide the lead in connection to the anode.
  • Attached to the disc I2 by means of tags I3 is a cylindrical metal shield I4 which is partially closed at the end further from the disc I2.
  • the shield I4 serves to prevent deposition on the envelope I of any material evaporated from the cylinder 2 during operation of the valve.
  • the discs I0 and I2 are provided with flanges I5 and I6 respectively for the purpose of locating the valve accurately when it is plugged into an associated circuit.
  • anode-cathode circuit having outer and inner conductors I! and I8 respectively
  • an anode-grid circuit having outer and inner conductors I9 and 20 respectively.
  • the anode cathode and anode-grid circuits are respectively tuned by means of fingered pistons 2
  • the end of the conductor I8 is enlarged into a hollow cylindrical cup 23 into which the outer end of cylinder 2 is designed to fit when the valve is plugged into the circuit.
  • the metal pin 6 is adapted to connect with a heater lead (not shown) which runs along the interior of conductor I8, the heater lead and conductor I8 being insulated from each other.
  • the conductor I! has an internal diameter greater than the external diameter of the envelope I, and is pro-
  • the cathode 3 is closed at vided at one end with an external flange made in two parts, 24 and 25, separated by an annular mica sheet 26.
  • the end of conductor 20 is also hollow and is provided with fingers 21 which are adapted to contact the flange [5 of the grid disc in when the valve is plugged into the circuit.
  • the conductor I9 is provided with an annular end plate made in two parts 28 and 29, separated by an annular mica sheet 39.
  • of part 29 is of such a diameter that when the valve is plugged into the circuit, the flange I5 of the anode disc l2 contacts the surface of the hole 3
  • the part 25 is provided with four teeth 32, 33, 34, 35 which are adapted to slide under four arcuate plates 36, 37, 38, 39 attached to part 29 when the outer faces of parts 25 and 29 are brought into contact and the two portions of the circuit are rotated relative to one another about their longitudinal axes.
  • the two portions of the circuit may thus be held together with the outer portion of the anode disc 12 clamped between the parts 25 and 29.
  • the plate 31 is turned over at one corner to provide a stop.
  • the anode disc I2 is electrically connected to the outer conductors H and 9 for alternating current, but not for direct current. Connection to the anode may be made by means of a tag 40 attached to the end plate of the grid-anode circuit.
  • a valve in an oscillator according to the present invention can be made with adequate capacitance between the cathode and control electrode to provide sufficient feed-back to sustain oscillation whilst at the same time making use of the disc-seal form of construction.
  • a high frequency oscillator comprising a thermionic valve having a cathode, a control electrode and an anode all contained in an envelope, a metal disc sealed through the walls of the envelope and supporting the anode, a leadin connection through the envelope to the oathode disposed on one side of the disc, and a leadin connection through the envelope to the control electrode disposed on the opposite side of the disc, a first tunable coaxial line circuit having its outer conductor capacitively coupled to the disc and its inner conductor connected to the lead-in connection to the cathode, and a second tunable coaxial line circuit having its outer conductor capacitively coupled to the disc and its inner conductor connected to the lead-in connection to the control electrode.

Description

I Dec. 9, 1952 L 7 2,621,310
' THERMIONIC VALVE Filed June 1, 1949 2 SHEETSSHEET l mvenrro Jqm En q'r'roR NEY Dec. 9, 19.52 J. BELL 2,621,310
THERM'IONIC VALVE Filed June 1, 1949 2 SHEETSSI-IEET 2 INVENTQR L/HM'S FETTORNEY Patented Dec. 9, 1952 THERMIONIC VALVE James Bell, Pinner, England, assignor to The Fri-O Valve Company Limited, LondomEngland Appiication June 1, 1949, Serial No.f96,429 In Great Britain May 24, 1948 2 Claims.
The present invention relates to a thermionic valve type oscillator for operation at high frequencies, for example, frequencies of the order of one thousand megacycles per second.
It is well known that thermionic valves for operation at high frequencies are provided in which a control grid electrode is mounted on a disc-seal, so that in the case of a triode valve, for example, the disc-seal is earthed in operation and thus provides substantial screening between the anode and the cathode, the anode and the cathode lying on opposite sides of the disc-seal.
When it is required to use such a disc-seal valve as an oscillator with the control grid electrode common to the two portions of the oscillatory circuit, however, it sufiers from the disadvantage that the capacitance between the anode and the cathode inside the valve is usually too small to provide sufiicient feed-back in the associated oscillatory circuit to sustain oscillations.
The object of this invention is to overcome the above disadvantage while retaining the advantages of low electrode-lead inductance obtained by the use of the disc-seal form of construction.
According to the present invention a high frequency oscillator is provided including a thermionic valve having at least an anode, a cathode and a control electrode all contained in an envelope, the anode being supported by a metal disc sealed through the walls of the envelope in such manner that the seals of the respective lead-in connections through the envelope to the cathode and control electrode lie on opposite sides of the disc, the oscillator having two high frequency resonant circuits associated therewith, the first of which is connected between the disc and lead-in connection to the cathode, and the second of which is connected between the disc and lead-in connection to the control electrode.
One arrangement according to the present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 shows a diagrammatic central sectional view of a thermionic valve for use in an oscillator according to the invention; and
Figure 2 shows a coaxial-line circuit suitable for use with a thermionic valve such as is shown in Figure 1 parts of the outer conductors of the circuit being cut away to show internal details.
Referring to Figure 1, the valve is provided with a cylindrical glass envelope I through one end of which is sealed a hollow metal cylinder 2 which supports a hollow cylindrical nickel cathode 3, the envelope I, cylinder 2, and cathode '2 3 all being coaxial. the end furthest from the cylinder 2 and its outer longitudinal surface is provided with a.
suitable electron-emissive oxide coating. The cathode 3 is provided with a spiral heater 4, one end of which is connected to the cathode '3. The other end of the heater 4 is connected to a lead 5 which is disposed along the axis of the cylinder 2 and which is connected to .a hollow metal pin 5 sealed into the outermost end of cylinder 2 by means of an insulating plug '7. The interior of the cylinder 2 is sealed by means of a glass plug -8.
The control electrode is in the form of .a squirrel-cage grid 9 mounted so that it surrounds the cathode 3 .coaxially. Thegrid 9 is supported by means of .an annular .copper disc II! disposed perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the grid 9. The disc I0 is sealed through the .envelope I in the conventional manner to provide the lead-in connection to the control electrode.
The anode consists of a hollow open-ended copper cylinder I I disposed coaxially around the grid 9. The cylinder II forms an integral part of a second copper disc I2, which is disposed parallel to the disc [0 and is sealed through the envelope I in the conventional manner to provide the lead in connection to the anode. Attached to the disc I2 by means of tags I3 is a cylindrical metal shield I4 which is partially closed at the end further from the disc I2. The shield I4 serves to prevent deposition on the envelope I of any material evaporated from the cylinder 2 during operation of the valve.
The discs I0 and I2 are provided with flanges I5 and I6 respectively for the purpose of locating the valve accurately when it is plugged into an associated circuit.
Referring now to Figure 2, the circuit is made in two portions, an anode-cathode circuit having outer and inner conductors I! and I8 respectively, and an anode-grid circuit having outer and inner conductors I9 and 20 respectively. The anode cathode and anode-grid circuits are respectively tuned by means of fingered pistons 2| and 22.
The end of the conductor I8 is enlarged into a hollow cylindrical cup 23 into which the outer end of cylinder 2 is designed to fit when the valve is plugged into the circuit. The metal pin 6 is adapted to connect with a heater lead (not shown) which runs along the interior of conductor I8, the heater lead and conductor I8 being insulated from each other. The conductor I! has an internal diameter greater than the external diameter of the envelope I, and is pro- The cathode 3 is closed at vided at one end with an external flange made in two parts, 24 and 25, separated by an annular mica sheet 26.
The end of conductor 20 is also hollow and is provided with fingers 21 which are adapted to contact the flange [5 of the grid disc in when the valve is plugged into the circuit. The conductor I9 is provided with an annular end plate made in two parts 28 and 29, separated by an annular mica sheet 39. The central hole 3| of part 29 is of such a diameter that when the valve is plugged into the circuit, the flange I5 of the anode disc l2 contacts the surface of the hole 3|.
The part 25 is provided with four teeth 32, 33, 34, 35 which are adapted to slide under four arcuate plates 36, 37, 38, 39 attached to part 29 when the outer faces of parts 25 and 29 are brought into contact and the two portions of the circuit are rotated relative to one another about their longitudinal axes. The two portions of the circuit may thus be held together with the outer portion of the anode disc 12 clamped between the parts 25 and 29. The plate 31 is turned over at one corner to provide a stop.
It will be seen that when the circuit is assembled with a valve plugged in it, the anode disc I2 is electrically connected to the outer conductors H and 9 for alternating current, but not for direct current. Connection to the anode may be made by means of a tag 40 attached to the end plate of the grid-anode circuit.
It will be appreciated that a valve in an oscillator according to the present invention can be made with adequate capacitance between the cathode and control electrode to provide sufficient feed-back to sustain oscillation whilst at the same time making use of the disc-seal form of construction.
What I claim is:
1. A high frequency oscillator comprising a thermionic valve having a cathode, a control electrode and an anode all contained in an envelope, a metal disc sealed through the walls of the envelope and supporting the anode, a leadin connection through the envelope to the oathode disposed on one side of the disc, and a leadin connection through the envelope to the control electrode disposed on the opposite side of the disc, a first tunable coaxial line circuit having its outer conductor capacitively coupled to the disc and its inner conductor connected to the lead-in connection to the cathode, and a second tunable coaxial line circuit having its outer conductor capacitively coupled to the disc and its inner conductor connected to the lead-in connection to the control electrode.
2. A high frequency oscillator according to claim 1, in which the lead-in connection to the control electrode comprises a second metal disc sealed through the walls of the envelope and supporting the control electrode.
JAMES BELL.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,320,941 Litton June 1, 1943 2,395,043 Goodchild Feb. 19. 1946 2,404,363 Chevigny July 23, 1946 2,446,829 Hergenrother Aug. 10, 1948 2,461,125 Nergaard Feb. 8, 1949
US96429A 1948-05-24 1949-06-01 Thermionic valve Expired - Lifetime US2621310A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2840746A (en) * 1956-10-22 1958-06-24 Gen Electric Electric discharge device including improved anode structure
US2952789A (en) * 1955-03-08 1960-09-13 Eitel Mccullough Inc Electron tube and socket
US3028516A (en) * 1959-02-13 1962-04-03 Eitel Mccullough Inc Electron tube and socket therefor

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2320941A (en) * 1942-05-12 1943-06-01 Int Standard Electric Corp Method of fabricating vacuum tubes
US2395043A (en) * 1941-12-02 1946-02-19 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Electron discharge device
US2404363A (en) * 1942-03-16 1946-07-23 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Electron discharge device
US2446829A (en) * 1946-02-21 1948-08-10 Hazeltine Research Inc Modulated-signal generator
US2461125A (en) * 1943-12-31 1949-02-08 Rca Corp Electron discharge device utilizing cavity resonators

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2395043A (en) * 1941-12-02 1946-02-19 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Electron discharge device
US2404363A (en) * 1942-03-16 1946-07-23 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Electron discharge device
US2320941A (en) * 1942-05-12 1943-06-01 Int Standard Electric Corp Method of fabricating vacuum tubes
US2461125A (en) * 1943-12-31 1949-02-08 Rca Corp Electron discharge device utilizing cavity resonators
US2446829A (en) * 1946-02-21 1948-08-10 Hazeltine Research Inc Modulated-signal generator

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2952789A (en) * 1955-03-08 1960-09-13 Eitel Mccullough Inc Electron tube and socket
US2840746A (en) * 1956-10-22 1958-06-24 Gen Electric Electric discharge device including improved anode structure
US3028516A (en) * 1959-02-13 1962-04-03 Eitel Mccullough Inc Electron tube and socket therefor

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