US2621031A - Carburetor with diffusion and distribution chambers - Google Patents

Description

Deu'9, 1952 GILBERTO sABcRm GONZALEZ ETAL 2 CARBURETOR WITH DIFFUSION AND DISTRIBUTIQN CHAMBERS Filed Oct. 23, 1948 i s I I I l i I N VE/Vrd es r G. Same/o fio vzu 2 61691.05 5480a) GOA/26462 Patented Dec. Q, 1952 UNITED STATES ATENT OFFICE CARBURETOR WITH DIFFUSION AND DISTRIBUTION CHAMBER-S Application October 23, 1948, Serial No. 56,182 In Mexico July 21, 1948 7 Claims.

They present invention relates to an airfilter of the oil-bath type combined with a carburetor for. internal combustion engines having diffusion and distribution chambers, and forming a compact unit.

The filter-carburetor, embodying the present invention and having diffusion and distribution chambers differs from usual carburetors in that all of its parts are arranged coaxially thereby, forming a compact and simple unit. which comprises, besides the objects mentioned, a float and needle valve system regulating the entrance of the fuel into the carburetor which is devoid of any levers whatsoever.

The function of all carburetors consists of feeding into their respective motors a proportionate mixture of air and fuel. Since the fuel admission to the motors is relative to the load and the load in turn alters the speed of the motor, and the speed of the motor also alters said admission, the problem of feeding a motor with a uniformly proportionate mixture of air and fuel for the changing loads on the motor is quite complicated. To this day, the problem is solved on usual carburetors by the use of mechanisms serving to correct the operation of the Venturi tube of the carburetor for the various loads applied tothe motor. Therefore, the different patents in the field of carburetors are mainly based on the mechanical means used as correctors of the Venturi operation.

In the present carburetor the Venturi tube is completely eliminated and, instead, diffusion and distribution chambers are used; the design and operation of which are original, said chambers causing the carburetor to operate with high precision, even when the fuel air mixture admitted to the motor varies, and without the need of correcting devices. Consequently, this carburetor is. more economical in construction, operative for longer periods without repair or adjustment, has a more efficient operation, and is less expensive. as regards the. fuel consumed.

An object of this invention is to provide a. carburetor of simplified construction for use with internal combustion engines.

Another object of the present invention is to eliminate the use of the Venturi tube or tubes and the mechanical devices correcting the operation thereof.

Still a further purpose of the invention is to eliminate the use of atomization nozzles by the use. of two chambers, one for diffusion, the other for distribution.

A still further purpose pf the instant inven- 2 tion is to provide. a carburetor having diffusion and distribution chambers arranged so that a more perfect diffusion of the fuel with the air and a homogeneous distribution of the fuel particles in the mass of; air is effected.

A still further object of the invention herein is to construct said, diffusion and distribution chambers so that there is no need of mechanisms correcting their operation. I

Other objects and advantages will be apparent from the annexed drawing and the following description of an illustrative embodiment of the invention.

The characteristic details of the invention are clearly shown in the following description and accompanying drawing as an illustration of said description; the same reference numbers being used to show like parts in the only figure presented.

In the following description of: the illustrated embodiment, capital letters will refer to the parts of the assembly generally, while numerals will refer to their corresponding details.

In the drawing which shows an elevated sectional view of the carburetor comprising the invention herein, air filter A is an intergral crown made of tin, the part thereof forming annular passages through which the air fed. into. the carburetor is allowed. to pass. The air enters through the first ring I and becomes purified in the oil deposit 2, the level of which has been illustrated by a. dotted line; hence, itv proceeds upwardly through the. downwardly open ring 3 and passes radially through a series of peripheral orifices 4 formed adjacent the. top of ring 5..

The fuel tank or chamber Bis a cylinder fitting within ring 5 and furnished interiorly with three or more guides 6, which are uniformly spaced; said guides also extending radially inward at the bottom of the tank for. a. short length. The tank is provided with three or more angularly spaced radial ribs 1' at the external base thereof.

The cover C of the tank consists. of a disk'provided with a threaded central orifice 3, and having one or more radial bent passages 9, and holes in adjacent the periphery through which bolts D are pressed for clamping; the cover C and tank B to a base or adapter A needle valve assembly E includes a housing in the form of a cylindrical member'provided with a threaded nipple onits lower end so as to threadedly engage in the central orifice B: of the cover 0. A central orifice is. provided in the valve housing and at an enlarged lower. portion receives a needle valve III. The needle I l is round at its lower portion and has a conical point at its top end. The upper portion I2 of the housing of the valve E serves as a connection for the entrance of the fuel.

The float F is a hollow, toric, sealed member, furnished with a central tubular passage i3 which perpendicularly extends through the float. The float F is provided in its upper portion with a central bridge I4, upon which the needle it rests. The bridge It in turn is provided wit holes or slots I5 through which the fuel is allowed to freely pass.

A diffusion chamber G is formed in an elongated cylindrical member, centrally fixed on the base of the tank B. The upper portion of said member enters tank B and the tubular passage I3 of float F, while the lower part thereof enters a throat tube I6 depending from the base 23 and forming, with the latter, the adapter H. Member G is provided, in the lower portion thereof, with two series of peripherical passages, marked If] and 20. A valve bonnet J in the form of a sleeve surrounds the upper portion of member G, leaving a space 29 between the inner wall of the valve bonnet and the outer contour of member G. At the base of the valve bonnet J there is a series of radial orifices 22, which allow the passage of the fuel from the tank B into the space 29. The member G contains a longitudinal central chamber I! and is provided with a calibrated orifice I8, located at the upper end there-- of. The calibrated orifice I8 establishes a communication between chamber I! and chamber 29.

The adapter H, consisting of the circular plate 23 and the tubular section defining passage i6, is completed by an oblong base 2 The tubular section has bearings supporting the shaft 25, on which a butterfly throttle K is mounted.

The butterfly throttle K is the usual type and consists of a disk mounted inside the tubular passage I6 and supported by the shaft 25. On the shaft 25 is connected the lever regulating system (not shown) which causes the throttle K to be opened or closed.

The oblong base 24 of adapter H is provided with openings 26, through which are passed the screws or bolts for securing the carburetor to the manifold of the motor.

The carburetor operates as follows:

During the operation of the motor the pistons are displaced in their cylinders and produce a partial vacuum in the manifold. As the carburetor is connected with this manifold, the air pressure in the carburetor is also reduced, and

therefore, as the atmospheric pressure is higher,

there is created, through the carburetor and the direction of the manifold, an air current and a concurrent flow of fuel.

The air current passes downwardly through the annular space between the rings I and 3. It becomes pure in the oil-deposit 2, rises up the annular space between the rings 5 and 3, and after passing through the orifices t comes through the passage between tank B and ring 5 on through the space 21 between the base of the tank B and the plate 23 of the adapter H and the spaced. ridges or ribs I. Hence the air proceeds through the distribution chamber 28, defined between the tube I6 of the adapter H and the outer contour of member G. Through the tube IS, the air goes on towards the motor manifold, passing through the space allowed by the butterfly throttle is. according to the position thereof.

The motor rotation puts in operation the fuel pump which feeds the tank 13 of the carbureto and the float F keeps the fuel level 3%, shown with dots in the drawing, lower than the upper end of the orifice I8. The fuel level 30 is regulated by either raising or lowering the seat of the needle valve II relative to the cover C of the carburetor. The housing of valve assembly E is accordingly threaded for this purpose.

The diffusion chamber I! of the member G in communication through the passages 20 at the lower end thereof with the tube or threat I5 of the adapter H, and due to the shape of the appendix 2| of member G, the air pressure around said appendix is lower than the air pressure existing at the point where the passages I9 connect with the diffusion chamber H.

In order to illustrate the successive reductions in pressure in the carburetor, we shall call P the atmospheric air pressure; P1, the pressure acting on the fuel in tank B; P2, the pressure at the point where the passages I9 are in communication with member G; P3, the pressure in the diffusion chamber I'I; P4, the pressure at the point where the passages 20 are in communication with member G; P5, the pressure in tube 58 of the adapter H, and Pa, the pressure in the manifold of the associated engine.

During the operation of the carburetor, the above-mentioned pressures gradually decrease in numerical value, according to the order in which they have been enumerated.

Simultaneously with the air current, the fuel current is established, said fuel current passing from the tank B of the carburetor through the orifices 22 at the bottom of the valve bonnet J into space 29 between said valve bonnet and member G, and after passing through the orifice i8 at the top of the latter, the fuel flows into the diffusion chamber I! of member G and com-es out through the passages 20 adjacent the bottom thereof. While the level 30 of the fuel in tank B is below the top of orifice I8, the pressure P; within chamber G is lower than atmospheric pressure so that a reduced pressure acts on the fuel in space 29 and the atmospheric pressure, acting on surface 33, raises the fuel in space 29 for pa."- sage through orifice I8.

Since the air pressure existing at the outside of the passages I9 of the diffusor is P2 and the pressure existing in the diffusion chamber I1 is P} and the pressure at the outside of the passages 20 is even less, that is P4, an air current is established through the lower portion of the diffusion chamber IT. This air current, coming through the passages I9 and leaving through the passages 20 serves to diffuse the fuel in the air within the diffusion chamber H.

The fuel having been diffused, it is distributed in the annular distributor chamber 23, in which it is mixed with the air coming down from the space 21. The mixture, after passing through the space allowed by the poistion of the butterfly throttle K is then fed into the motor.

As the air current and the fuel current are provoked by the gradual variations of pressures in the carburetor, the greater or lesser admission of fuel to the motor, which is controlled by means of the butterfly throttle K, alters only the mixture volume allowed into the motor, but the proportions of the mixture are kept constant for the varied amounts of fuel-admissions to the motor. Since the air mass (not its volume) admitted into the motor decreases proportionately to the partial vacuum in which it operates and since the fuel volume, being liquid, does not undergo any noticeable diminution, in order to maintain the proportion of the air and fuel mixture on the same scale, the necessary correction is effected, the dim nsio o t ate p ssa vary n T-he friction in this passage I8 modifies the theoretical fuel volume, relative to the partial vacuum of the carburetor, said. v lume decreasin in the same rate as the air mass imin shes.

The application of this carburetor to internal combustion motors has caused a saving in fuel up to 40% at least, as has been shown by experience both in laboratory tests and in practice.

These savings are due to three main reasons, namely:

First: Owing to the simplicity of design and the coaxial arrangement of the elements, many inconveniences are eliminated, such as are presented by the usual type carburetors, for example: uncontrollable turbulenoes owing to changes in air direction, unnecessary frictions, tubular passages, multiple fuel atomizing nozzles, to mention a few.

Second: Since in the above described carburetor the air is passed through the distribution chamber formed by the inner wall of tube It of the adapter H and the outer contour of appendix 21 of member G, an annular passage instead of a tubular passage is provided. With this construction, it is possible to distribute with great accuracy the fuel previously diffused in the diffusion chamber ll.

Third: As no Venturi tube is used in this carburetor, the corrections required for the proper function of such a tube become unnecessary with the present invention, and the fuel losses caused by the interference of the parts that accomplish the corrections are eliminated.

From the foregoing description taken in connection with the accompanying drawing, it is apparent that an improved, practical integral filter-carburetor with diffusion and distribution chambers is provided. It is apparent, however, that immaterial changes and modifications may be made by skilled persons without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention as outlined in the appended claims.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:

1. A carburetor comprising a vented fuel chamber, valved fuel admission means connected to said chamber, a float in said chamber operatively connected to said valved fuel admission means for maintaining a constant level of fuel in said chamber, a cylindrical throat member extending downwardly from said fuel chamber for connection to the manifold of an engine, means at the top of said throat member admitting air laterally thereto, an elongated hollow diiiusion member extending upwardly into said fuel chamber and terminating above said fuel level and downwardly into said throat member, a fuel inlet orifice formed in the upper end of said diffusion member, a bonnet covering the upper end of said diffusion member and spaced therefrom, openings formed in said bonnet below the level of the fuel in said fuel chamber to permit fuel to flow into the space between said bonnet and said diffuser member, passageways extending through said diffusion member adjacent the top of said throat member, and other passageways formed in the lower end of said diffusion member in an area of relatively low pressure whereby in response toa low p essure i said throa mb 't e ai pres sure acting on the surface of the fuel in said, space b tw en the bon et and he diffusion member will be decreased to effect the raising-of the fuel level in said space so that the fuel will flow into said diifusion member through said orifice and be diffused with the air entering the diffusion member through said first mentioned passageways for discharge into said throat member through said other passageways.

2. A carburetor comprising a fuel chamber vented to atmosphere, means maintaining a constant fuel level in said chamber, a throat member extending downwardly from said chamber for connection to the manifold of an engine, means admitting air laterally at the top end of said throat member, an elongated hollow diffusion member extending upwardly into said fuel chamber and downwardly into said throat member. the upper end of said diffusion member being disposed above said constant fuel level and formed with a fuel inlet orifice, a bonnet covering said upper end and spaced therefrom, means formed in said bonnet below said fuel level admitting fuel to the space between said bonnet and said diffusion member, first passageways formed in said diffusion member adjacent the top of said throat member communicating the interior of said diffusion member with the latter, and second passageways formed in the lower end of said diffusion member communicating the interior of said diffusion member with a relatively low pressure area in said throat member so that the air pressure in said space is decreased and a differential pressure is established between said first and second passageways in response to the development of a low pressure in said throat member.

3. A carburetor according to claim 2, wherein said means maintaining a constant fuel level in said chamber includes fuel inlet means opening into said chamber and having a valve member regulating the flow of fuel therethrough, and a float in said chamber operatively connected to said valve member and positioning the latter in response to the level of fuel in said chamber.

4. A carburetor according to claim 3, wherein said fuel inlet means is disposed centrally in the top wall of said fuel chamber, and said fioat is formed of an annular body loosely receiving the upper end of said diffusion member in the central opening formed therethrough, and said float includes a perforate bridge extending across the upper end of said central opening for supporting said valve member whereby raising of said float will urge said valve member into seating engagement with said fuel inlet means.

5. A carburetor according to claim 4, wherein said fuel chamber is formed with a plurality of vertically disposed guide members on the interior surface thereof slidably engaging the outer perimeter of said float for laterally positioning said float in said chamber.

6. A carburetor in accordance with claim 2. wherein said lower end of said diffusion member is formed with a stepped portion of reduced diameter terminating in a downwardly tapering conical member, and said second passageways open through the downwardly facing shoulder formed by said portion of reduced diameter.

'7. A carburetor in accordance with claim 2, including a rockable butterfly valve disposed in said throat member below the lower end of said 7 diffusion member for regulating the pressure in said throat member above said latter valve to thereby control the flow of air and fuel to the engine manifold.

G. SABORIO GONZALEZ. CARLOS SABORIO GONZALEZ.

REFERENCES CITED UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date Maud June 20, 1911 Winslow Feb. 19, 1929 Scott July 21, 1931 Weiertz et a1. Sept. 11, 1934 Haddock Jan. 9, 1940 Atkins Aug. 6, 1940 Burton Feb. 24, 1942

Images