US2618572A - Method for impact plating - Google Patents

Method for impact plating Download PDF

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Publication number
US2618572A
US2618572A US197583A US19758350A US2618572A US 2618572 A US2618572 A US 2618572A US 197583 A US197583 A US 197583A US 19758350 A US19758350 A US 19758350A US 2618572 A US2618572 A US 2618572A
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Prior art keywords
titanium
pellets
plating
weld
impact
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Expired - Lifetime
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US197583A
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Norman C Parrish
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Northrop Grumman Corp
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Northrop Grumman Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/06—Metallic material
    • C23C4/08—Metallic material containing only metal elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
    • C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49888—Subsequently coating

Definitions

  • My invention relatesto impact plating, and, more particularly, to a novel method of -deposit-' ing. an adherent layer of corrosion resistant metal upon a base material.
  • the invention includes the use of pellet projecting apparatus in which the projectiles comprise pellets of titanium metal. These pellets can be projected, as by an airblast or centrifugal force, against a surface of a material harder than titanium, such as glass, quartz, ceramic and metal, for example. If the material being impacted by the titanium pellets is such as can be shot peened, and where shot peening is desirable, such peening can be accomplished. The impacts, however, can be regulated, if desired, so that the peening action is small. In any case, however, each titanium pellet, upon impacting and glancing ofi the base material, will leave thereon a small trace of titanium firmly bonded thereto.
  • Such traces by repetition and by change of area covered, can be made to form a continuous titanium layer or plate over the area being treated.
  • subsequent titanium traces will bond to a previous trace equally as well as to 'thebase ma terial itself.
  • smooth, polishedsurfaces the
  • traces and the laye formed may be whollyfri tion bonded. on rough surfaces a combination of friction bending and filling-of depressionsb'y" In anyevent.
  • a scraping action may take-place. I desire to call the process of the presentinven-' tion impact plating.
  • the process of the present invention in the form by which shot .peenin' and impact plating is simultaneously accomplished, is, for example, useful in the conditioningof welds madein metals where theparts'welded areprotect'ed from corrosion as by an electroplated layer th'e-re sultant weld being: subject to corrosiom
  • The" shot peening will improve the physical char a'cter- Where peening is not used the processof the present invention is well adaptedto-producese lectedtitanium plating of glass sheets;'for ex ample, by masking such portions-of the glasswhere plating is not desired, and then projecting titanium pellets at the exposed glass surfaces? In this case, itis sometimes founddesirable-"to place the surfaceto beplated-an an angl to the:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic drawing of an airblast apparatus set up to shot peen and plate a weld by projecting titanium pellets there against.
  • Figure 2 is a diagram showing two types of titanium pellets used in the system of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a diagrammatic plan view of a peened, plated weld.
  • Figure 4 is a diagram showing how a glass sheet can be selectively plated with titanium.
  • Figure 5 is a plan view of a glass sheet as plated by the arrangement shown in Figure 4.
  • the device P includes a hopper I mounted on an airpipe 2.
  • Hopper l is adapted to hold a plurality of titanium pellets 3 so that they will pass by gravity into a mixing section 4 from whence the pellets are carried by air to a nozzle 5 to be pro- V 3 jected into space at high velocity, dependent upon air pressure, nozzle size and pellet dilution, etc., as is well known in the sand blasting and shot peening art.
  • the pellets may be in the form of shot 3a or cut wire 3b as shown in Figure 2.
  • the pellet projecting device shown is meant to be illustrative only of a means by which the titanium pellets may be projected into space. Other devices providing similar results, such as a centrifugal force type of pellet projector, are deemed fully equivalent for the purpose of practicing the method of the present invention.
  • a work piece 6 such as steel plates just having been attached by a weld i.
  • the impacted surface is in this instance substantially at right angles to the average line of pellet projection.
  • the steel plates for example, may have been provided with a surface 8 electroplated, such as with chromium, to provide corrosion resistance. Due to the heat of the weld, this plating will be burned off the work piece adjacent the weld line. The titanium pellets, by impacting the weld area and adjacent areas of the work piece, will shot peen the weld.
  • each impact of the pellets will cause a trace of titanium metal to be transferred to the work piece, either directly on the steel, or on a titanium trace previously deposited.
  • the titanium traces will be friction bonded to the steel and to the previously deposited titanium traces, and by proper manipulation of nozzle 5 the entire weld and the areas adjacent denuded of electroplate will be covered with a titanium plate.
  • the weld and adjacent areas will be provided with a layer of corrosion resistant titanium at the same tim the weld is being shot peened.
  • Figure 3 shows the weld I and adjacent areas l and II, denuded of the electroplated layer 8 by heat, are covered with a layer of titanium metal during peening
  • a set-up as shown in Figure 4 can be used to produce a titanium plate.
  • nozzle 5 is used to project a spray of titanium pellets 3 as in the set-up shown in Figure 1.
  • the work piece 6a in this case may be a glass plate, for example, having a mask I5 applied to one surface thereof in the same manner as for regulating sand blast etching of glass.
  • This glass plate is then placed in the jet of titanium pellets, preferably at an obtuse angle to the lines of projection of the pellets.
  • the pellets hit the mask l5 they do not affect the glass.
  • the pellets hit the exposed glass plate surface and bounce off they leave a streak of titanium impact bonded to the smooth glass surface.
  • the areas of the plate surface not masked are covered with a continuous bright plating of titanium metal solidly bonded thereto.
  • the plated areas will show the pattern desired, as shown in Figure 5.
  • metals can be plated in Whole or in part without surface deformation.
  • the method of plating a surface of a material harder than titanium with a thin adherent coating of titanium, without appreciable deformation of said surface which comprises the step of: projecting a spray of titanium pellets against said surface with the axis of said spray at an angle to said surface substantially difierent from and thereby applying a component of said spray in a direction parallel to said surface whereby there is secured a maximum plating effect, and a minimum deformation of the surface by impact of the pellets.

Description

Fatented Nov. 18, 19 52 UNITED STATES TENT GFFHC METHOD Fore IMPACT PLATING Application" November 25, 1950, SerialNo. 197.58%-
( 01. in si) 1 Claim; 1
My invention: relatesto impact plating, and, more particularly, to a novel method of -deposit-' ing. an adherent layer of corrosion resistant metal upon a base material.
This application is a continuation-in-part of my prior application, Serial No; 160,609, filed May 8,. 1950, and entitled Electrical Conductors.
In said application; I have shown, described and claimed a means and method for'friction bonding a titanium trace to' harder materials, such as glass, quartz, ceramics and hard..metals, for example. In this process, a tool of metallic titanium is pressed against a smooth surfaceof a material harder than titanium, and moved along this surf-ace while the pressure is maintained' to transfer titanium from the tool to the surface. The-trace so formed is-securely b-ond-' ed to the'surface. The term friction bonding was-used todescribe this process. The present invention is also concerned with bonding titani-' um metal to harder materials, and while the basic bonding principle is apparently the'same; the means and method involved in the present invention are completely different.
It is an object of thep-resent invention to provide a method of plating hard materials with an adherent layer of titanium metal.
It is another object of the invention to' simultaneously shot peen andplate ahard material.
It is. another object of the present invention to shot peen selected areas of metals and simultaneously, and as a result of said peening,jto cover the peened area with a'layer of titanium firmly bonded to the peened surface.
The invention includes the use of pellet projecting apparatus in which the projectiles comprise pellets of titanium metal. These pellets can be projected, as by an airblast or centrifugal force, against a surface of a material harder than titanium, such as glass, quartz, ceramic and metal, for example. If the material being impacted by the titanium pellets is such as can be shot peened, and where shot peening is desirable, such peening can be accomplished. The impacts, however, can be regulated, if desired, so that the peening action is small. In any case, however, each titanium pellet, upon impacting and glancing ofi the base material, will leave thereon a small trace of titanium firmly bonded thereto. Such traces, by repetition and by change of area covered, can be made to form a continuous titanium layer or plate over the area being treated. In this respect, it is pointed out that subsequent titanium traces will bond to a previous trace equally as well as to 'thebase ma terial itself. On smooth, polishedsurfaces, the
traces and the laye formed may be whollyfri tion bonded. on rough surfaces a combination of friction bending and filling-of depressionsb'y" In anyevent.
a scraping action may take-place. I desire to call the process of the presentinven-' tion impact plating.
The process of the present invention, in the form by which shot .peenin' and impact plating is simultaneously accomplished, is, for example, useful in the conditioningof welds madein metals where theparts'welded areprotect'ed from corrosion as by an electroplated layer th'e-re sultant weld being: subject to corrosiom The" shot peening. will improve the physical char a'cter- Where peening is not used the processof the present invention is well adaptedto-producese lectedtitanium plating of glass sheets;'for ex ample, by masking such portions-of the glasswhere plating is not desired, and then projecting titanium pellets at the exposed glass surfaces? In this case, itis sometimes founddesirable-"to place the surfaceto beplated-an an angl to the:
lines of travel of the pellets so-that obtuse: angle glancing blows will be made by thepellets on the surface to be plated. In this way a mini-- mum of peening impact with a maximum of plat ing impact will be provided.
My invention will be more adquately understood by reference to the drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a schematic drawing of an airblast apparatus set up to shot peen and plate a weld by projecting titanium pellets there against.
Figure 2 is a diagram showing two types of titanium pellets used in the system of Figure 1. Figure 3 is a diagrammatic plan view of a peened, plated weld.
Figure 4 is a diagram showing how a glass sheet can be selectively plated with titanium.
Figure 5 is a plan view of a glass sheet as plated by the arrangement shown in Figure 4.
Referring first to Figures 1, 2 and 3, a, pellet projecting device P is utilized. As illustrated, the device P includes a hopper I mounted on an airpipe 2. Hopper l is adapted to hold a plurality of titanium pellets 3 so that they will pass by gravity into a mixing section 4 from whence the pellets are carried by air to a nozzle 5 to be pro- V 3 jected into space at high velocity, dependent upon air pressure, nozzle size and pellet dilution, etc., as is well known in the sand blasting and shot peening art. The pellets may be in the form of shot 3a or cut wire 3b as shown in Figure 2. The pellet projecting device shown is meant to be illustrative only of a means by which the titanium pellets may be projected into space. Other devices providing similar results, such as a centrifugal force type of pellet projector, are deemed fully equivalent for the purpose of practicing the method of the present invention.
In front of nozzle 5 in a position to be impacted by the projected titanium pellets is a work piece 6, such as steel plates just having been attached by a weld i. The impacted surface is in this instance substantially at right angles to the average line of pellet projection. The steel plates, for example, may have been provided with a surface 8 electroplated, such as with chromium, to provide corrosion resistance. Due to the heat of the weld, this plating will be burned off the work piece adjacent the weld line. The titanium pellets, by impacting the weld area and adjacent areas of the work piece, will shot peen the weld. At the same time, each impact of the pellets will cause a trace of titanium metal to be transferred to the work piece, either directly on the steel, or on a titanium trace previously deposited. The titanium traces will be friction bonded to the steel and to the previously deposited titanium traces, and by proper manipulation of nozzle 5 the entire weld and the areas adjacent denuded of electroplate will be covered with a titanium plate. Thus the weld and adjacent areas will be provided with a layer of corrosion resistant titanium at the same tim the weld is being shot peened. The end result is shown in Figure 3 where the weld I and adjacent areas l and II, denuded of the electroplated layer 8 by heat, are covered with a layer of titanium metal during peening,
When it is not desired that peening occur, a set-up as shown in Figure 4 can be used to produce a titanium plate.
Here, nozzle 5 is used to project a spray of titanium pellets 3 as in the set-up shown in Figure 1. The work piece 6a in this case may be a glass plate, for example, having a mask I5 applied to one surface thereof in the same manner as for regulating sand blast etching of glass.
This glass plate is then placed in the jet of titanium pellets, preferably at an obtuse angle to the lines of projection of the pellets. When the pellets hit the mask l5 they do not affect the glass. However, when the pellets hit the exposed glass plate surface and bounce off, they leave a streak of titanium impact bonded to the smooth glass surface. By multiple contacts, the areas of the plate surface not masked are covered with a continuous bright plating of titanium metal solidly bonded thereto. Upon removal of the masking, the plated areas will show the pattern desired, as shown in Figure 5. In the same manner metals can be plated in Whole or in part without surface deformation.
From the above description it will be apparent that there is thus provided a device of the character described possessing the particular features of advantage before enumerated as desirable, but which obviously is susceptible of modification in its form, proportions, detail construction and arrangement of parts without departing from the principle involved or sacrificing any of its advantages.
While in order to comply with the statute, the invention has been described in language more or less specific as to structural features, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific features shown, but that the means and construction herein disclosed comprise the preferred form of several modes of putting the invention into effect, and the invention is, therefore, claimed in any of its forms or modifications within the legitimate and valid scope of the appended claim.
What is claimed is:
The method of plating a surface of a material harder than titanium with a thin adherent coating of titanium, without appreciable deformation of said surface, which comprises the step of: projecting a spray of titanium pellets against said surface with the axis of said spray at an angle to said surface substantially difierent from and thereby applying a component of said spray in a direction parallel to said surface whereby there is secured a maximum plating effect, and a minimum deformation of the surface by impact of the pellets.
NORMAN C. PARRISH.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 706,701 Thurston Aug. 12, 1902 2,149,253 Cooper Mar. 7, 1939 2,292,026 Gillett Aug. 4, 1942
US197583A 1950-11-25 1950-11-25 Method for impact plating Expired - Lifetime US2618572A (en)

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Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2817603A (en) * 1953-03-04 1957-12-24 Myron A Coler Method of producing electrically conductive article
US2914425A (en) * 1956-03-14 1959-11-24 Joseph C Mcguire Method for soldering normally nonsolderable articles
US2990293A (en) * 1956-01-13 1961-06-27 Ohio Commw Eng Co Method of impregnating and rustproofing metal articles
US3093501A (en) * 1957-04-04 1963-06-11 Peen Plate Inc Metal coating on non-metal body by tumbling
US3100724A (en) * 1958-09-22 1963-08-13 Microseal Products Inc Device for treating the surface of a workpiece
US3287157A (en) * 1962-10-10 1966-11-22 Prismo Safety Corp Method of plating metal article with metal
US3472202A (en) * 1966-12-27 1969-10-14 Webb James E Shock tube powder dispersing apparatus
US3473943A (en) * 1963-04-10 1969-10-21 Asahi Chemical Ind Explosive coating of metallic substrates with powder
US3607607A (en) * 1968-05-27 1971-09-21 Coors Porcelain Co Organic resin ceramic composite and method for making same
US3767518A (en) * 1968-05-27 1973-10-23 Coors Porcelain Co Organic resin glass composite and method for making same
US3900602A (en) * 1970-05-15 1975-08-19 Siemens Ag Method and device for the manufacture of catalytic layers for electrodes in electrochemical cells, particularly fuel cells
US4091145A (en) * 1975-01-23 1978-05-23 Ricoh Co., Ltd. Support for electrophotographic sensitive plate
US4178193A (en) * 1975-03-17 1979-12-11 Kanter Jerome J Method of improving corrosion resistance with coating by friction
US4714622A (en) * 1984-07-30 1987-12-22 Dowa Iron Powder Co., Ltd. Blast material for mechanical plating and continuous mechanical plating using the same
EP0860516A2 (en) * 1997-02-04 1998-08-26 Fuji Kihan Co., Ltd. Method for forming metallic coat
EP0947605A1 (en) * 1998-03-31 1999-10-06 Firma Otto Fuchs Process for increasing the corrosion resistance of a metallic workpiece and workpiece
US6291012B1 (en) 1997-02-04 2001-09-18 Fuji Kihan Co., Ltd. Method for forming a metallic coat by impacting metallic particles on a workpiece
EP1352992A2 (en) * 2002-04-12 2003-10-15 Ford Global Technologies, LLC A method for selective control of corrosion using kinetic spraying
US20190062857A1 (en) * 2017-08-30 2019-02-28 Holtec International Process for forming a stainless steel weldment resistant to stress corrosion cracking
US11515056B2 (en) 2015-10-16 2022-11-29 Holtec International Nuclear waste storage canisters, welds, and method of fabricating the same

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US706701A (en) * 1900-03-23 1902-08-12 Samuel Heman Thurston Method of impacting one metal upon another.
US2149253A (en) * 1937-05-19 1939-03-07 Harry A Cooper Method of treating metal surfaces to inhibit corrosion
US2292026A (en) * 1939-12-15 1942-08-04 Battelle Memorial Institute Metallic coated ceramic ware

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US706701A (en) * 1900-03-23 1902-08-12 Samuel Heman Thurston Method of impacting one metal upon another.
US2149253A (en) * 1937-05-19 1939-03-07 Harry A Cooper Method of treating metal surfaces to inhibit corrosion
US2292026A (en) * 1939-12-15 1942-08-04 Battelle Memorial Institute Metallic coated ceramic ware

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2817603A (en) * 1953-03-04 1957-12-24 Myron A Coler Method of producing electrically conductive article
US2990293A (en) * 1956-01-13 1961-06-27 Ohio Commw Eng Co Method of impregnating and rustproofing metal articles
US2914425A (en) * 1956-03-14 1959-11-24 Joseph C Mcguire Method for soldering normally nonsolderable articles
US3093501A (en) * 1957-04-04 1963-06-11 Peen Plate Inc Metal coating on non-metal body by tumbling
US3100724A (en) * 1958-09-22 1963-08-13 Microseal Products Inc Device for treating the surface of a workpiece
US3287157A (en) * 1962-10-10 1966-11-22 Prismo Safety Corp Method of plating metal article with metal
US3473943A (en) * 1963-04-10 1969-10-21 Asahi Chemical Ind Explosive coating of metallic substrates with powder
US3472202A (en) * 1966-12-27 1969-10-14 Webb James E Shock tube powder dispersing apparatus
US3607607A (en) * 1968-05-27 1971-09-21 Coors Porcelain Co Organic resin ceramic composite and method for making same
US3767518A (en) * 1968-05-27 1973-10-23 Coors Porcelain Co Organic resin glass composite and method for making same
US3900602A (en) * 1970-05-15 1975-08-19 Siemens Ag Method and device for the manufacture of catalytic layers for electrodes in electrochemical cells, particularly fuel cells
US4091145A (en) * 1975-01-23 1978-05-23 Ricoh Co., Ltd. Support for electrophotographic sensitive plate
US4178193A (en) * 1975-03-17 1979-12-11 Kanter Jerome J Method of improving corrosion resistance with coating by friction
US4714622A (en) * 1984-07-30 1987-12-22 Dowa Iron Powder Co., Ltd. Blast material for mechanical plating and continuous mechanical plating using the same
EP0860516A2 (en) * 1997-02-04 1998-08-26 Fuji Kihan Co., Ltd. Method for forming metallic coat
EP0860516A3 (en) * 1997-02-04 1999-05-19 Fuji Kihan Co., Ltd. Method for forming metallic coat
US6291012B1 (en) 1997-02-04 2001-09-18 Fuji Kihan Co., Ltd. Method for forming a metallic coat by impacting metallic particles on a workpiece
EP0947605A1 (en) * 1998-03-31 1999-10-06 Firma Otto Fuchs Process for increasing the corrosion resistance of a metallic workpiece and workpiece
EP1352992A2 (en) * 2002-04-12 2003-10-15 Ford Global Technologies, LLC A method for selective control of corrosion using kinetic spraying
EP1352992A3 (en) * 2002-04-12 2003-10-22 Ford Global Technologies, LLC A method for selective control of corrosion using kinetic spraying
US11515056B2 (en) 2015-10-16 2022-11-29 Holtec International Nuclear waste storage canisters, welds, and method of fabricating the same
US20190062857A1 (en) * 2017-08-30 2019-02-28 Holtec International Process for forming a stainless steel weldment resistant to stress corrosion cracking

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