US2617057A - Liquid cooling of anodes in vacuum discharge tubes, more particularly x-ray tubes - Google Patents

Liquid cooling of anodes in vacuum discharge tubes, more particularly x-ray tubes Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2617057A
US2617057A US191349A US19134950A US2617057A US 2617057 A US2617057 A US 2617057A US 191349 A US191349 A US 191349A US 19134950 A US19134950 A US 19134950A US 2617057 A US2617057 A US 2617057A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
liquid
recessed portion
surface area
tubes
forming
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US191349A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Reiniger Friedrich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
Original Assignee
Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hartford National Bank and Trust Co filed Critical Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2617057A publication Critical patent/US2617057A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details
    • H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
    • H01J35/08—Anodes; Anti cathodes
    • H01J35/12—Cooling non-rotary anodes
    • H01J35/13—Active cooling, e.g. fluid flow, heat pipes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an X-raytube comprising a liquid-cooled anode. This method is adapted more particularly with X-ray tubes which are heavily loaded and are in use continuously for some time. Examplesoi such uses arev therapeutic irradiations and examination of materials.
  • the heat produced in the anode is preferably transmitted to the liquid at an area closely behind the focus. It is common practice to supply the liquid in a space recessed in the anode body, the liquid flowing athigh speed along the sur-face to ⁇ be cooled.
  • the liquid is passed through a channel which is providedy in the material of the anodel in order toincrease the surfacearea to be cooled, the pressure on the liquid becoming very high, when the liquid is also required to flow at high speed.
  • Intense cooling isobtained, when the liquid is projected through anozzle at high speed against that a greatly turbulent flow is produced and that the formation of a laminary layer which involves material increase in thermal resistance is substantially avoided.
  • the surface area to be cooled may assume such great dimensions that the liquid from the'space between the nozzle-'and the surface to be cooled cannot be drained at suicient high speed, so that the pressure dierence at the front and at the back of the nozzley decreases and is nor longer uniform throughout the surface area.
  • the spacing between the'nozzle' apertures will have to be increased or the speed of the liquid flow will have to be decreased.
  • the use ofa. nozzle for the liquidsupply is not particularly advantageous over the use of a liquid flowing along the surface.
  • the liquid- in anA X-ray tube having a liquid-cooled anode, the liquid-is passed in succession through two or' more nozzles, which are arrangedopposite different partsxof the surface to be cooled.
  • the dimensions and the distance from the surface to be: cooled may be such for each nozzle that the pressure on the liquid supplied is distributed among the nozzles and only low losses of' pressureV occur along the course still to be traversed by the liquid.
  • the advantage thereof is I use', a iiow offelectronsamoves from'. the cathode ⁇ 44 through the: aperturey 5 in the front rofV the anode 3. to a' plate of impact Ii, which isznadev ofY tungsten and is securedrto the metal anode. body.
  • the anode 3f. is made of copper and is provided with ahollow spacev L This space, contains a metal plug 8, which' .closes theY space 'I. toV the outside and which is: providedwith ⁇ a. bore 9. Y
  • thebore 9 is widened atits end so as to. have .approximately the. same.; diameter 'asthe plug and in frontzof the aperture provision is made of a nozzle lieonstituted byaat plate'y havingv small apertures.
  • the cooling liquid is projected from these apertures. at a. speed against the surfacev I2.; fromwhichiis withdrawn the Vheat; produced. in; the impact plate. by the' electron flowA and supplied by conductionof. the anode material.
  • the liquid escapes.v from: the space: between the nozzle I3v and the. surface: l2 along.
  • a second nozzle I4 arranged opposite another partofithe surfaeexto hecooled and constituted. by a: cillin-.- drical shell, which isV providedwith small apertures..
  • the ⁇ liquid is. projected through the: apen'- tures;. again in: a iinely dividedlstatefbut kenerget ically' against 'part of. the; cylindrical wall.
  • the bore 9 is lesswidened'; so that thel nozzlev i3 covers ⁇ a smaller portion of the surfacev I2.
  • the liquid lescapes from the space between the nozzle I3 and the surface lf2' through an aperture I8 to a space I 9, which is recessedvin the plugv 8.
  • a nozzley 20, which then allows the liquidI to pass, is constituted byfan' annular plate with/small' apertures which is :Ilush with the nozzle I3 and which is connected to the plug along thev outer circumference, whereas along the inner ⁇ circumference ⁇ provision is" made of an upright edge 2l which bears on the bottom of the space l.
  • the liquid escapes from the space between the nozzle 2i) and the bottom l2 and is then drained. Provision may be made of a third nozzle the construction of which is similar to the nozzle i4 of Fig. l.
  • An X-ray tube comprising an envelope, a cathode, an anode comprising a target of heat refractory metal facing the cathode, a body of good heat conducting material backing said target and having a hollow recessed portion to the rear of the target, a hollow plug fitting into said recessed portion, means to circulate a cooling medium over a maximum surface area of said recessed portion of said body comprising a first perforated member having a plurality of openings therein forming with said plug a rst chamber directly in back of the surface area of the recessed portion and forming a plurality of passages perpendicular to a first portion of the surface area of said recessed portion whereby the cooling medium will flow with high turbulence over the rst portion of the surface area to be cooled without forming a laminar layer to effect maximum heat transfer from said body to said cooling medium, a second'perforated member having a plurality of openings therein and forming with said first surface portion and said rst per
  • An X-ray tube comprising an envelope, a cathode, an anode comprising a target of heat refractory metal facing the cathode, a body of good heat conducting material backing said target and having a hollow recessed portion to the rear of the target, a hollow plug fitting into said recessed portion, means to circulate a cooling medium over a maximum surface area of said recessed portion of said body comprising a first perforated member having a plurality of openings therein forrning with said plug a first chamber directly in back of the surface area of the recessed portion and forming a plurality of passages perpendicular to a central portion of the surface area of said recessed portion whereby the cooling medium will flow with high turbulence over the central surface portion of area to be cooled without forming a laminar layer to effect maximum heat transfer from said body to said cooling n medium, a second perforated member having a plurality of openings therein and forming with said first surface portion and said first perforated member a second chamber
  • An X-ray tube comprising an envelope, a cathode, an anode comprising a, target of heat refractory metal facing the cathode. a body of good heat conducting material backing said target and having a hollow recessed portion to the rear of the target, a hollow plug fitting into said recessed portion, means to circulate a cooling medium over a maximum surface area of said recessed portion of said body comprising a first perforated member having a plurality of openings therein over the end of the plug and forming with said plug a first chamber directly in back of central portion of the surface area, said perforated member forming a plurality of passages perpendicular to the central portion of the surface area of said recessed portion whereby the cooling medium will flow With high turbulence over the surface of said central surface portion without forming a laminar layer to effect maximum heat transfer from said body to said cooling medium, a second perforated member having a plurality of openings therein forming with said portion and said plug member a second chamber communicating with said
  • An X-ray tube comprising an envelope, a cathode, an anode comprising a target of heat refractory metal facing the cathode, a body of good heat conducting material backing said target and having a recessed portion to the rear of the target, a hollow plug fitting into the recessed portion of the body, the hollow plug having a conical internal taper diverging towards the surface area of the recessed portion, means to circulate a cooling medium over a maximum surface area of the recessed portion comprising a first perforated member having a plurality of openings therein over the end of the plug and forming with said plug a first chamber directly in back of the surface area of the end of said recessed portion, said perforated member forming a plurality of passages perpendicular to surface area of said recessed portion whereby the cooling medium will flow with the high turbulence over the surface of said end surface portion without forming a laminal layer to effect maximum heat transfer from said body to said cooling medium, a second perforated member having a pluralit

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
US191349A 1949-10-31 1950-10-21 Liquid cooling of anodes in vacuum discharge tubes, more particularly x-ray tubes Expired - Lifetime US2617057A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE285609X 1949-10-31

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2617057A true US2617057A (en) 1952-11-04

Family

ID=6058348

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US191349A Expired - Lifetime US2617057A (en) 1949-10-31 1950-10-21 Liquid cooling of anodes in vacuum discharge tubes, more particularly x-ray tubes

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US2617057A (en, 2012)
BE (1) BE499047A (en, 2012)
CH (1) CH285609A (en, 2012)
FR (1) FR1042645A (en, 2012)
GB (1) GB681584A (en, 2012)
NL (2) NL156332B (en, 2012)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2715194A (en) * 1951-12-03 1955-08-09 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co X-ray tube comprising a liquid cooled anode
US2894730A (en) * 1955-06-21 1959-07-14 Machlett Lab Inc Cooling devices for electron tubes
US2966341A (en) * 1958-05-14 1960-12-27 Friedrich H Reder Nitrogen traps for molecular resonance devices
US3521103A (en) * 1967-11-10 1970-07-21 Ushio Electric Inc Fluid cooled electrode with internal baffles for a high pressure discharge lamp
US3546511A (en) * 1967-07-31 1970-12-08 Rigaku Denki Co Ltd Cooling system for a rotating anode of an x-ray tube

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US513422A (en) * 1894-01-23 Means for ccxolinq electric conductors
US1565969A (en) * 1924-03-26 1925-12-15 Spiro Harry Cooling device for x-ray tubes
US2123793A (en) * 1936-02-18 1938-07-12 Firm Siemens Reiniger Werke Ag Rontgen apparatus
US2277430A (en) * 1940-11-07 1942-03-24 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Multiorifice anode
US2332427A (en) * 1941-01-08 1943-10-19 Gen Electric X Ray Corp X-ray apparatus

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US513422A (en) * 1894-01-23 Means for ccxolinq electric conductors
US1565969A (en) * 1924-03-26 1925-12-15 Spiro Harry Cooling device for x-ray tubes
US2123793A (en) * 1936-02-18 1938-07-12 Firm Siemens Reiniger Werke Ag Rontgen apparatus
US2277430A (en) * 1940-11-07 1942-03-24 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Multiorifice anode
US2332427A (en) * 1941-01-08 1943-10-19 Gen Electric X Ray Corp X-ray apparatus

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2715194A (en) * 1951-12-03 1955-08-09 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co X-ray tube comprising a liquid cooled anode
US2894730A (en) * 1955-06-21 1959-07-14 Machlett Lab Inc Cooling devices for electron tubes
US2966341A (en) * 1958-05-14 1960-12-27 Friedrich H Reder Nitrogen traps for molecular resonance devices
US3546511A (en) * 1967-07-31 1970-12-08 Rigaku Denki Co Ltd Cooling system for a rotating anode of an x-ray tube
US3521103A (en) * 1967-11-10 1970-07-21 Ushio Electric Inc Fluid cooled electrode with internal baffles for a high pressure discharge lamp

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1042645A (fr) 1953-11-03
BE499047A (en, 2012)
NL156332B (nl)
CH285609A (de) 1952-09-15
NL74278C (en, 2012)
GB681584A (en) 1952-10-29

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4369920A (en) Arrangement to cool the thrust nozzle for a rocket engine
JP3988167B2 (ja) 熱移動装置を有するｘ線発生装置
US2617057A (en) Liquid cooling of anodes in vacuum discharge tubes, more particularly x-ray tubes
US2440135A (en) Method of and apparatus for depositing substances by thermal evaporation in vacuum chambers
US3359734A (en) Electrothermal propulsion unit of the electric arc type
GB1183145A (en) Heat Exchanger for Electron Tubes
US3546511A (en) Cooling system for a rotating anode of an x-ray tube
EP0075014A1 (en) Device with liquid-cooled anode.
US3329524A (en) Centrifugal-type vapor source
US9941092B2 (en) X-ray assemblies and coatings
US7644680B2 (en) Electrode assembly for non-equilibrium plasma treatment
US3714981A (en) Heat shield assembly
JP2008509563A (ja) 横方向薄膜蒸発スプレー冷却のためのスプレー冷却システム
US3343022A (en) Transpiration cooled induction plasma generator
GB1194249A (en) Improvements relating to Heat Exchange.
US3825786A (en) Method for increasing the power x-ray tubes and apparatus for carrying out the method
US2841726A (en) Apparatus for producing thermallycool charged particles
US2098315A (en) X-ray tube
US1004665A (en) Firearm.
US2277430A (en) Multiorifice anode
GB2149081A (en) Heat exchangers
US2343666A (en) Vacuum distillation procedure
US2886724A (en) X-ray tubes
US2715194A (en) X-ray tube comprising a liquid cooled anode
US2205297A (en) X-ray tube