US2615846A - Washing composition - Google Patents
Washing composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2615846A US2615846A US2615846DA US2615846A US 2615846 A US2615846 A US 2615846A US 2615846D A US2615846D A US 2615846DA US 2615846 A US2615846 A US 2615846A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- gluconate
- washing
- alkali
- solution
- caustic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 title description 35
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 229940050410 gluconate Drugs 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-M D-gluconate Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000008233 hard water Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 40
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 35
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 29
- -1 alkali metal gluconate Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 8
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- AEQDJSLRWYMAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,9,10-tetramethoxy-6,8,13,13a-tetrahydro-5H-isoquinolino[2,1-b]isoquinoline Chemical compound C1CN2CC(C(=C(OC)C=C3)OC)=C3CC2C2=C1C=C(OC)C(OC)=C2 AEQDJSLRWYMAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000176 sodium gluconate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000012207 sodium gluconate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229940005574 sodium gluconate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- OCUCCJIRFHNWBP-IYEMJOQQSA-L Copper gluconate Chemical class [Cu+2].OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O OCUCCJIRFHNWBP-IYEMJOQQSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N Gluconic acid Natural products OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940077744 antacid containing magnesium compound Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002681 magnesium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960003975 potassium Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamic acid Chemical class NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 1
- HLCFGWHYROZGBI-JJKGCWMISA-M Potassium gluconate Chemical compound [K+].OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O HLCFGWHYROZGBI-JJKGCWMISA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical class [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003112 potassium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004224 potassium gluconate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013926 potassium gluconate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960003189 potassium gluconate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012487 rinsing solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 235000019982 sodium hexametaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000014214 soft drink Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- UEUXEKPTXMALOB-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrasodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O UEUXEKPTXMALOB-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
- C11D7/02—Inorganic compounds
- C11D7/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D7/06—Hydroxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C23/00—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments
- C03C23/0075—Cleaning of glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/044—Hydroxides or bases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/046—Salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D3/2075—Carboxylic acids-salts thereof
- C11D3/2086—Hydroxy carboxylic acids-salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
- C11D7/02—Inorganic compounds
- C11D7/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D7/08—Acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
- C11D7/02—Inorganic compounds
- C11D7/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D7/10—Salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
- C11D7/02—Inorganic compounds
- C11D7/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D7/10—Salts
- C11D7/12—Carbonates bicarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
- C11D7/22—Organic compounds
- C11D7/26—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D7/265—Carboxylic acids or salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D2111/00—Cleaning compositions characterised by the objects to be cleaned; Cleaning compositions characterised by non-standard cleaning or washing processes
- C11D2111/10—Objects to be cleaned
- C11D2111/14—Hard surfaces
- C11D2111/18—Glass; Plastics
Definitions
- Patented Oct. 28, 1952 2,615,846- WASHING COMPOSITION Vladimir Dvorkovitz, Winnetka, Englewood, N. J--.,. assignors'to.
- This invention relates to methods of treating hard water to. produce a washing solution, washing solutions, and methods of washing surfaces such as the surfaces of articles.
- Such strongly alkaline solutions have been found particularly useful in washing bottles and other glassware such as that used in the dairy, brewery. and soft drink industries.
- the users have found it.expedient to adopt a continuous process wherein the bottles or other articlesare conveyed first through a tank or tanks containing a strongly alkaline. solution and then through a rinsing solution.
- the articles pass through the alkaline solution, they are coated with a. film of alkali.
- Theipresent invention is concerned with means" for preventing the formation of this hardness constituent, preventing or materially reducing the precipitation. of the hardness constituents from the hard water and reducing the dissolving,
- a composition comprising a caustic alkali such as an alkali metalhydroxideancl particularly sodium" hydroxide. or potassium. hydroxide and an alkali metal gluconate and particularly. sodium gluconate or potassium gluconate will prevent or-at, least minimize the formation of the scale, the-precipitation of the hardness constituents from hard water and the attack of the caustic alkali onthe glassand-similar surfaces.
- a caustic alkali such as an alkali metalhydroxideancl particularly sodium" hydroxide. or potassium. hydroxide and an alkali metal gluconate and particularly. sodium gluconate or potassium gluconate
- hydroxides and gluconates of sodium and potassium are preferred because'of' their inexpensiveness and'availability but the hydroxides of'other elements'of the alkali metal group may beused if desired.
- sodiumorthophosphate, sodium silicate and the. like are; employed with the salts in the. absence.
- the solution is quitestableand can be maintained at F. or above'for two weeksor more without any-apparent decomposition or precipi-- tation.
- the solution isparticularly useful in those washing'operations' where an closedv systemis employed either: in a' batch washing such as:
- washing solution is: freshly made up, used and thenimmediately, discarded, the problems of precipitation of the hardness constituents .and scale formation are much minimized; However, ittisapparent that even here thecompositionsand solutions. of this invention are beneficial in that precipitation in the washing solution itself is prevented or materially reduced.
- the washing solution of this invention comprises essentially about 0.25-20% caustic alkali, 0.025-2.0% alkali metal gluconate and at least about 78% water, with all percentages being by weight.
- hard water may be treated to produce a washing solution by adding these amounts of caustic alkali and gluconate to the hard water.
- the caustic alkali may be any alkali metal hydroxide and preferably either sodium or potassium hydroxide.
- the gluconate may be any alkali metal gluconate and particularly the sodium or potassium compound.
- the washing solution should be substantially free from ions capable of precipitating substantial amounts of calcium and magnesium salts in the presence of alkali metal gluconate so that the solution will be relatively free from precipitates. Ordinarily such compounds as the soluble silicates and phosphates do cause precipitation of substantial amounts of the calcium and magnesium salts in the presence of the gluconate.
- washing solutions of this invention have been found eifective in washing surfaces, and particularly articles of glass, metal, china, porcelain, enamel, natural rubber, synthetic rubber, and the like.
- these solutions have been used for washing bottles and other glassware, for circulating through the metal parts of pasteurizing equipment, for washing milk condensing pans and milk condensing equipment, for washing china dishware and other china articles, for washing porcelainware and enamelware, and for washing various rubber articles and surfaces such as the rubber infiations used in vacuum milker systems.
- the amount of gluconate in the lower portion of the range is used when an amount of caustic is employed within the lower portion of its range.
- the amount of caustic is within the upper part of its range, the amount of gluconate is also in the upper portion of its range.
- amounts within the upper portions of the ranges are used when the surface or article washed is to be completely sterilized and the material such as metal, rubber and the like, is resistant to the relatively high amounts of caustic alkali.
- the upper limit of the caustic should not be above 10% and the gluconate 1% and these upper limits in the case of glass and NQOH, KOH, Na. om- K. Glu- Percent Percent $5 33 ⁇ ; $3333,
- the solution of this invention has a pH of more than 12 for most eifective results.
- the caustic alkali and gluconate combination material ly reduces the softening and subsequent scratching of glass. It has been found that the addition of such agents as trisodium phosphate, sodium carbonate, or the like, to caustic alkali solutions assist in the cleaning of glassware. However. these agents have a marked effect in that they serve as catalysts for the sodium hydroxide and cause it to soften and partially dissolve the glass. This is also true with similar articles such as china, porcelain and the like. Thus, these materials are more easily marked by the machinery used in the wash or by abrasion against other pieces.
- caustic alkali and gluconate combination Another advantage to be obtained by the use of the caustic alkali and gluconate combination is that the solution serves as a better inhibitor of rust and corrosion of steel and iron than caustic alkali alone. Still another advantage is that the solutions are relatively non-foaming.
- the solutions may include alkali stable wettin agents such as the alkali salts of higher alkyl sulfates, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sodium sulionates, sodium salts of sulfonated ethers, as well as many others.
- alkali stable wettin agents such as the alkali salts of higher alkyl sulfates, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sodium sulionates, sodium salts of sulfonated ethers, as well as many others.
- the solutions of this invention are particularly useful for washing and cleaning food handling equipment and containers although other types of equipment, articles and containers can also be cleaned efficiently as explained above.
- a useful range of concentration for the washing solutions has been found to be about 3-5% caustic alkali, and 03-05% alkali metal gluconate.
- the gluconates are known to give the corresponding lactones when subjected to an intermolecular dehydration process.
- the lactone hydrolizes to give the alkali metal gluconate.
- a gluconic acid instead of the alkali metal gluconate can be used and is intended to be included in this invention as the gluconic acid will immediately react with some of the caustic alkali to form the alkali metal gluconate.
- the method of preventing deposit of unslightly films on the articles being washed which comprises adding to the hard water about 0.25-20% by weight of caustic alkali and about 0.025-2% by weight of alkali metal gluconate, the additions being free from ions capable of precipitating substantial amounts of calcium and magnesium salts in the presence of alkali metal gluconate whereby the alkali metal gluconate substantially inhibits precipitation of the calcium and magnesium salts of the hard water.
- caustic alkali is caustic soda and the gluconate is sodium gluconate.
- a washing solution consisting essentially of about 0.2520% by weight of caustic alkali, about 0.0252.0% of alkali metal gluconate, and at least about 7 8% of water, the solution being substantially free from ions capable of precipitating substantial amounts of calcium and magnesium salts in the presence of alkali metal gluconate.
- the method of treating hard water to produce a washing solution comprising adding to the hard water about 35% by weight of caustic alkali and about 03-05% of alkali metal gluconate.
- a washing solution consisting essentially of about 35% by weight of caustic alkali, about 03-05% of alkali metal gluconate and water.
- the method of washing articles which comprises applying thereto a solution consisting essentially of about 35% by weight of caustic alkali, about 03-05% of alkali metal gluconate and Water.
- VLADIMIR DVORKOVITZ THOMAS G. HAWLEY, JR.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Description
Patented Oct. 28, 1952 2,615,846- WASHING COMPOSITION Vladimir Dvorkovitz, Winnetka, Englewood, N. J--.,. assignors'to.
The Diversey Corporation,
G.. Hawley, Jr.,
Illinois 111., and Thomas a corporation of No Drawing. Application December 1, 1951,
Serial No. 259,485;
10 Claims.
This invention relates to methods of treating hard water to. produce a washing solution, washing solutions, and methods of washing surfaces such as the surfaces of articles.
This application is a continuationin-part of our application Serial No. 777,112 filed September 30, 1947, now Patent No. 2,584,017, issued January 29, 1952.
The industries that wash large quantities of bottles and other glassware, metal surfaces, china, porcelain, enamelware, rubber, synthetic rubber, and similar surfaces necessarily make up their cleaning solutions with water that is more or less hard and employ a strongly alkaline solution such as that produced'with a. caustic alkali in order to secure complete cleansing and, particularly in the food industry, complete or-partial disinfection.
Such strongly alkaline solutions have been found particularly useful in washing bottles and other glassware such as that used in the dairy, brewery. and soft drink industries. Here,- asv in similar industries, the users have found it.expedient to adopt a continuous process wherein the bottles or other articlesare conveyed first through a tank or tanks containing a strongly alkaline. solution and then through a rinsing solution. When the articles pass through the alkaline solution, they are coated with a. film of alkali. When the thusly coated objects are immersedin. rinse. water, an immediatev precipitatiorroccurs of the dissolved calcium and magnesinmsalts that are present. in the. rinse water. Further precipitated solids are also formed inthe wash water by the addition of the caustic alkali. to. the wash water. These precipitated solids interfere withv the proper operation of the. washmg. equipment, deposit unsightly films on the articlesbeing washed, and because of the intimate contact of the alkaline film on theiarticles, and: equipment before contacting the wash water. often deposits a hard adherent and rock-like scale. Thus, in every'step of the washing operation from the first formation of the washing solution to the final rinsing operation, the precipitated calcium and magnesium salts interfere and prevent efficient washing.
The problem of preventing this precipitation ofthehardness constituents by the caustic alkali andthe removal of scale formed has received considerable recognition and much effort has been spent to prevent or overcome it. For example, many complex phoric acid have the property of holding normally insoluble calcium and magnesium compounds in solution. Certain amino carboxylic acid derivatives have also been used for this purpose. It has been found, however, that none of these compounds works effectively in the presence of sodium hydroxide. Thus, a sufficient quantity of sodium hexametaphosphate will hold the hard water precipitates usually obtained by adding sodium carbonate or sodium orthophosalkali metal salts of phosphate. toa hard .water, solution. Howevenlong standing of the. product. or standing at lesstime at elevated temperatures causes hydrolysis of the. resulting complexand' causes precipitation of the calciumand magnesium com-pounds. This effect is even.more pronounced if even small quantities ofcaustic alkalis are present.
Theipresent invention is concerned with means" for preventing the formation of this hardness constituent, preventing or materially reducing the precipitation. of the hardness constituents from the hard water and reducing the dissolving,
action ofthe. caustic'alkali on glasswarachina, porcelainand similar articles: We have found F that a composition comprising a caustic alkali such as an alkali metalhydroxideancl particularly sodium" hydroxide. or potassium. hydroxide and an alkali metal gluconate and particularly. sodium gluconate or potassium gluconate will prevent or-at, least minimize the formation of the scale, the-precipitation of the hardness constituents from hard water and the attack of the caustic alkali onthe glassand-similar surfaces.
The hydroxides and gluconates of sodium and potassium are preferred because'of' their inexpensiveness and'availability but the hydroxides of'other elements'of the alkali metal group may beused if desired.
The fact that these salts will not form precipitates in the presence of sodium hydroxide is surprising as ithas been noted that precipitates. will form when such alkalis as, sodium carbonate,
sodiumorthophosphate, sodium silicate and the. like are; employed with the salts in the. absence.
of sodium l'nrdroxide and the like.v Thesev alkaline. materials maybe. used,..however, if' they are. used in combination withv the sodium hydroxide. or other caustic alkali...
It has. been foundth'at everrif some precipitation: is. formedzo-n the washing? equipment or is mechanically picked up by theuequipment in its. passage through theirinse: water, it is. redissolved. when itzis; repassed through the caustic alkaligluconate solution.
The solution is quitestableand can be maintained at F. or above'for two weeksor more without any-apparent decomposition or precipi-- tation. The solution isparticularly useful in those washing'operations' where an closedv systemis employed either: in a' batch washing such as:
mechanical dish washers, a continuous: recirculation such. as washing the passagesof pasteurizers, the; circulation ofthe articles through the wash and: rinse water such. as'occurs in industrial bottle. and othergl'assware washing orwashingyof .a similar nature... Where the. washing solution is: freshly made up, used and thenimmediately, discarded, the problems of precipitation of the hardness constituents .and scale formation are much minimized; However, ittisapparent that even here thecompositionsand solutions. of this invention are beneficial in that precipitation in the washing solution itself is prevented or materially reduced.
The washing solution of this invention comprises essentially about 0.25-20% caustic alkali, 0.025-2.0% alkali metal gluconate and at least about 78% water, with all percentages being by weight. Thus, hard water may be treated to produce a washing solution by adding these amounts of caustic alkali and gluconate to the hard water.
The caustic alkali may be any alkali metal hydroxide and preferably either sodium or potassium hydroxide. Similarly, the gluconate may be any alkali metal gluconate and particularly the sodium or potassium compound. The washing solution should be substantially free from ions capable of precipitating substantial amounts of calcium and magnesium salts in the presence of alkali metal gluconate so that the solution will be relatively free from precipitates. Ordinarily such compounds as the soluble silicates and phosphates do cause precipitation of substantial amounts of the calcium and magnesium salts in the presence of the gluconate.
The washing solutions of this invention have been found eifective in washing surfaces, and particularly articles of glass, metal, china, porcelain, enamel, natural rubber, synthetic rubber, and the like. Thus, these solutions have been used for washing bottles and other glassware, for circulating through the metal parts of pasteurizing equipment, for washing milk condensing pans and milk condensing equipment, for washing china dishware and other china articles, for washing porcelainware and enamelware, and for washing various rubber articles and surfaces such as the rubber infiations used in vacuum milker systems.
At the lower portions of the 0.25-20% caustic alkali and the 0.025-2% alkali metal gluconate ranges, there may be some precipitation of insoluble matter particularly where the water used is extremely hard. However, this relatively small precipitation is not harmful as it is ordinarily non-adherent. Furthermore, those skilled in the art understand that higher proportions are employed where necessary to control precipitation of the hardness constituents from extremely hard water. Similarly, higher amounts of caustic alkali within the ranges are preferably avoided when washing glass, china, porcelain and the like because of the softening effect of the higher concentrations of alkali. However, the choic of amounts within the range to minimize this softening effect is well understood by those skilled in the art. As is customary when i selecting amounts of two or more ingredients over a relatively wide range, the amount of gluconate in the lower portion of the range is used when an amount of caustic is employed within the lower portion of its range. Similarly, when the amount of caustic is within the upper part of its range, the amount of gluconate is also in the upper portion of its range. Ordinarily, amounts within the upper portions of the ranges are used when the surface or article washed is to be completely sterilized and the material such as metal, rubber and the like, is resistant to the relatively high amounts of caustic alkali. Where the material being washed such as glass is susceptible to attack by the alkali even with the gluconate present, the upper limit of the caustic should not be above 10% and the gluconate 1% and these upper limits in the case of glass and NQOH, KOH, Na. om- K. Glu- Percent Percent $5 33}; $3333,
Solution Slight prec. Clear Slight prec. Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear gllezilr ig tprec. Clear Slight prec. Slight prec. Clear Slight prec. Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear Clear 5 Clear 0 Slight prec. 0 Clear 0 Slight prec.
The solution of this invention has a pH of more than 12 for most eifective results. The caustic alkali and gluconate combination materially reduces the softening and subsequent scratching of glass. It has been found that the addition of such agents as trisodium phosphate, sodium carbonate, or the like, to caustic alkali solutions assist in the cleaning of glassware. However. these agents have a marked effect in that they serve as catalysts for the sodium hydroxide and cause it to soften and partially dissolve the glass. This is also true with similar articles such as china, porcelain and the like. Thus, these materials are more easily marked by the machinery used in the wash or by abrasion against other pieces. The use of the caustic alkali and gluconate solutions successfully; avoids this undue softening and dissolving. 'Various tests have been made to prove these facts; Thus a series of solutions was prepared using 5% concentrations of sodium hydroxide. The materials used and the results obtained are shown in the following table. In obtaining these results, the glass was held in contact with each solution for 72 hours at 145 F.
TABLE II M Percent loss Y g gj z fgi in weight of Composition 01 milk dgreinbsoit rin ottlc bottle glass K185 s x 7 NaOH 107; Sodium gluconate NuOH 102 .092 95.0% NaOH- gf g lg g g A1 .077 .067
i. a 7 4 m naiuorl J57 94.7% Ni0H 5.0 So ium g neonate .054 .5%Nullapon B 052 94.0% NaOH 4.0% Trisodium phosphate 117 2.0% Sodium aluminate. 75
Another advantage to be obtained by the use of the caustic alkali and gluconate combination is that the solution serves as a better inhibitor of rust and corrosion of steel and iron than caustic alkali alone. Still another advantage is that the solutions are relatively non-foaming.
The solutions may include alkali stable wettin agents such as the alkali salts of higher alkyl sulfates, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sodium sulionates, sodium salts of sulfonated ethers, as well as many others.
The solutions of this invention are particularly useful for washing and cleaning food handling equipment and containers although other types of equipment, articles and containers can also be cleaned efficiently as explained above. In the food handling industries and particularly for washing glassware and the like, a useful range of concentration for the washing solutions has been found to be about 3-5% caustic alkali, and 03-05% alkali metal gluconate.
The gluconates are known to give the corresponding lactones when subjected to an intermolecular dehydration process. In an aqueous solution of a caustic alkali, the lactone hydrolizes to give the alkali metal gluconate. Thus, it is possible to use the corresponding lactone in place of the gluconate and the description and the claims herein are intended to include the use of such a lactone that is hydrolized in solution to the salt. Similarly, a gluconic acid instead of the alkali metal gluconate can be used and is intended to be included in this invention as the gluconic acid will immediately react with some of the caustic alkali to form the alkali metal gluconate.
The foregoing detailed description is given for clearness of understanding only, and no unnecessary limitations should be understood therefrom, for some modifications will be obvious to those skilled in the art.
We claim:
1. In the washing of glassware, metal, rubber and the like with water containing dissolved calcium and magnesium salts with highly caustic solutions, the method of preventing deposit of unslightly films on the articles being washed which comprises adding to the hard water about 0.25-20% by weight of caustic alkali and about 0.025-2% by weight of alkali metal gluconate, the additions being free from ions capable of precipitating substantial amounts of calcium and magnesium salts in the presence of alkali metal gluconate whereby the alkali metal gluconate substantially inhibits precipitation of the calcium and magnesium salts of the hard water.
2. The method as set forth in claim 1 in which the solution contains at least about 78% water.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the caustic alkali is employed in an amount of about 0.25-5.0% and the gluconate in an amount of about 0.025-0.5%.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the caustic alkali is caustic soda and the gluconate is sodium gluconate.
5. A washing solution consisting essentially of about 0.2520% by weight of caustic alkali, about 0.0252.0% of alkali metal gluconate, and at least about 7 8% of water, the solution being substantially free from ions capable of precipitating substantial amounts of calcium and magnesium salts in the presence of alkali metal gluconate.
6. The solution of claim 5 wherein the caustic alkali is present in an amount of about 0.25-5.0% and the gluconate in an amount of about 0.025-0.5%.
7. The solution of claim 6 wherein the caustic alkali is caustic soda and the gluconate is sodium gluconate.
8. The method of treating hard water to produce a washing solution comprising adding to the hard water about 35% by weight of caustic alkali and about 03-05% of alkali metal gluconate.
9. A washing solution consisting essentially of about 35% by weight of caustic alkali, about 03-05% of alkali metal gluconate and water.
10. The method of washing articles which comprises applying thereto a solution consisting essentially of about 35% by weight of caustic alkali, about 03-05% of alkali metal gluconate and Water.
VLADIMIR DVORKOVITZ. THOMAS G. HAWLEY, JR.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 729,600 Jones June 2, 1902 2,145,827 Chester Jan. 31, 1939 2,291,085 Lehmkuhl et a1. July 28, 1942 2,346,562 De Long Apr. 11, 1944 2,419,805 Wegst et al Apr. 29, 1947 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 885,521 France May 31, 1943
Claims (1)
1. IN THE WASHING OF GLASSWARE, METAL, RUBBER AND THE LIKE WITH WATER CONTAINING DISSOLVED CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM SALTS WITH HIGHLY CAUSTIC SOLUTIONS, THE METHOD OF PREVENTING DEPOSIT OF UNSLIGHTLY FILMS ON THE ARTICLES BEING WASHED WHICH COMPRISES ADDING TO THE HARD WATER ABOUT 0.25-20% BY WEIGHT OF CAUSTIC ALKALI AND ABOUT 0.25-2% BY WEIGHT OF ALKALI METAL GLUCONATE, THE ADDITIONS BEING FREE FROM IONS CAPABLE OF PRECIPITATING SUBSTANTIAL AMOUNTS OF CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM SALTS IN THE PRESENCE OF ALKALI METAL GLUCONATE WHEREBY THE ALKALI METAL GLUCONATE SUBSTANTIALLY INHIBITS PRECIPITATION OF THE CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM SALTS OF THE HARD WATER.
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US2741599A (en) * | 1952-04-28 | 1956-04-10 | Kelite Corp | Composition for cleaning and stripping paint from aluminum |
US2927082A (en) * | 1956-01-19 | 1960-03-01 | Du Pont | Peroxide bleaching compositions and their use |
US2931713A (en) * | 1957-09-27 | 1960-04-05 | Amchem Prod | Method of and material for etching aluminum |
US2962395A (en) * | 1960-11-29 | Paint stripping method and composition | ||
US2976248A (en) * | 1957-08-01 | 1961-03-21 | Wyandotte Chemicals Corp | Bottle washing composition and method |
US2992187A (en) * | 1958-04-18 | 1961-07-11 | Pfister Chemical Works Inc | Method of removing rust |
US2992998A (en) * | 1956-03-19 | 1961-07-18 | Olin Mathieson | Fructoheptonate inhibited alkaline detergent solutions |
US3071504A (en) * | 1958-05-12 | 1963-01-01 | Us Movidyn Corp | Paper mill boil out methods and compositions |
US3105822A (en) * | 1956-03-01 | 1963-10-01 | Olin Mathieson | Inhibited alkaline detergent solution |
US3293148A (en) * | 1964-02-27 | 1966-12-20 | Hooker Chemical Corp | Method of cleaning steel surfaces |
US3308062A (en) * | 1965-03-24 | 1967-03-07 | American Sterilizer Co | Process for preventing the formation of boiler scale |
US3527608A (en) * | 1964-12-24 | 1970-09-08 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | Continuous cleansing of rigid materials |
US3720610A (en) * | 1969-06-12 | 1973-03-13 | Benckiser Knapsack Gmbh | Thinner for drilling fluids |
US4155857A (en) * | 1977-02-22 | 1979-05-22 | Standard Oil Company (Indiana) | Converter type scale remover |
US4477290A (en) * | 1983-01-10 | 1984-10-16 | Pennwalt Corporation | Cleaning and etching process for aluminum containers |
US5942481A (en) * | 1997-06-12 | 1999-08-24 | Charvid Limited Liability Co. | Caustic cleaning composition having low freezing point |
US20100056404A1 (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2010-03-04 | Micro Pure Solutions, Llc | Method for treating hydrogen sulfide-containing fluids |
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US2419805A (en) * | 1943-05-06 | 1947-04-29 | Wyandotte Chemicals Corp | Inhibiting alkali dissolution of glass |
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Cited By (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2962395A (en) * | 1960-11-29 | Paint stripping method and composition | ||
US2741599A (en) * | 1952-04-28 | 1956-04-10 | Kelite Corp | Composition for cleaning and stripping paint from aluminum |
US2927082A (en) * | 1956-01-19 | 1960-03-01 | Du Pont | Peroxide bleaching compositions and their use |
US3105822A (en) * | 1956-03-01 | 1963-10-01 | Olin Mathieson | Inhibited alkaline detergent solution |
US2992998A (en) * | 1956-03-19 | 1961-07-18 | Olin Mathieson | Fructoheptonate inhibited alkaline detergent solutions |
US2976248A (en) * | 1957-08-01 | 1961-03-21 | Wyandotte Chemicals Corp | Bottle washing composition and method |
US2931713A (en) * | 1957-09-27 | 1960-04-05 | Amchem Prod | Method of and material for etching aluminum |
US2992187A (en) * | 1958-04-18 | 1961-07-11 | Pfister Chemical Works Inc | Method of removing rust |
US3071504A (en) * | 1958-05-12 | 1963-01-01 | Us Movidyn Corp | Paper mill boil out methods and compositions |
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US3527608A (en) * | 1964-12-24 | 1970-09-08 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | Continuous cleansing of rigid materials |
US3308062A (en) * | 1965-03-24 | 1967-03-07 | American Sterilizer Co | Process for preventing the formation of boiler scale |
US3720610A (en) * | 1969-06-12 | 1973-03-13 | Benckiser Knapsack Gmbh | Thinner for drilling fluids |
US4155857A (en) * | 1977-02-22 | 1979-05-22 | Standard Oil Company (Indiana) | Converter type scale remover |
US4477290A (en) * | 1983-01-10 | 1984-10-16 | Pennwalt Corporation | Cleaning and etching process for aluminum containers |
US5942481A (en) * | 1997-06-12 | 1999-08-24 | Charvid Limited Liability Co. | Caustic cleaning composition having low freezing point |
US20100056404A1 (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2010-03-04 | Micro Pure Solutions, Llc | Method for treating hydrogen sulfide-containing fluids |
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