US2614540A

US2614540A - Fluid operable motor embodying annular series of opposed coaxial cylinders and pistons

Info

Publication number: US2614540A
Application number: US689605A
Authority: US
Inventors: James E Morton
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1946-08-09
Filing date: 1946-08-09
Publication date: 1952-10-21
Anticipated expiration: 1969-10-21

Description

J. E. MORTON oct. 21, 1952 2,614,540 FLUID OPERABLE MOTOR EMBODYING ANNULAR SERIES OF OPPOSED COAXIAL CYLINDERS AND PISTONS Filed Aug. 9, 1946 4 Sheet's-Sheet l Oct. 21, 1952 J E MORTON 2,6"141-,540

FLUID'OPERABLE MOTR MBODYING ANNULR SERIES OF' OPPOSED COAXIAL CYLINDERS AND PISTONS Filed Aug. 9, 1946 y 4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

Oct. 2l 19 v .1. E. MoRToN 2,614,540

f OPERABLE MO EMBODYING ANNULAR ES OF PosED coAxA YLINDERS AND PIsTo F' 1 d A g 9 Sheets-Sheet 3 SER1 NS 4 FLUID OP u 194e Oct. 21, 1952 J. E. MoRToN OPERABLE MOTOR EMBODYING AN osED ooAxAL CYLINDERS AND PIsToNs NULAR SERIES OF FLUID OPP Filed Aug. 9, 1946 4 ASheets-Sheet 4 f f |l @l f Q@ Q MN mw w l Patented Oct. 21., F1952 liLUlD` oPERABLE-Moroa EMBoDYlNG AN# f ANULAR smmssorv oPPosED coAXIAL CYLINDERsANDrIsToNs t JamesE. Morton, Abilene', Tex.r Appuavfign Auggst 9, 1946,'"serial iva-:689,605 Q v omiins. (Cl. id21-...119ir K' n i` 1 -Theinvention relates fluid under pressure. y Y

One object of the invention is to provide-a motor which includes a shaft and a series'of cylinders with pistons therein which Aare-sldable on axes parallel with the shaft and which" is to motors operable by adapted for delivering `high torquefor .driving purposes. Y Y Another object of the invention is toprovide a motor` of 'this type which includes annular-'series of opposed pairs of cylinders with pistons sldable Fig-.13 isa Simila 'Section @keuren-line raf-1|; OfFg'. Y' ,r` I

' vThe invention body section 20, Atogthe l sides of which are nsev-t' cured, for example by screws 2 5, heads22and24, i The casing mayqbe supportedv by,br,ackets. -26, which are provided with annular 1 members-28,

which are secured by -screws 3D, toltheheads. YA

on axesrparallel with the axis 'of the shaft, and 1 crank elements between the opposedpistons for delivering high torque to the shaft.

Another object ofthe invention is :to provid a motor` of this type which is compact, can be economically fabricated. and is eflicient in yop eration.

Other objects ofthe invention will appear from the -detailed description.

The invention consists-in the-several novel fea-y 2 tures Ahereinafter set forth, and more particularly defined by claims at the conclusion hereof.'

In the drawings: Fig. 1 is a central, vertical, longitudinal 4section of a motor exemplifying the invention..

Fig. 2 is a transverse section takenv onv linev 2-2 of Fig. 1. v f

Fig. 3 is a transverse section taken on line 3-3 of Fig. 1. Y

4Fig-4 is a section through one of the'crankelements and the pinion driven thereby, the lpistons being lshown by dotted lines. f i

Fig. 5 is a plan of one ofthe crank-elements with the roller being illustrated in dotted lines. Fig. 6l is a transversey section through one of the rings or annuli which are provided with annular conduits for delivering fluid to and from the motor. l

Fig. '7 is a side elevationk of one of the 'driven valve members which is vprovided with ports for controlling the flow of iluid between the cylinders and the conduits inthe annuli.

Fig. 8 is a section taken on line 8-8 of Fig. 7. :Fig 9 is a longitudinal section illustrating a portion ofthe motor taken through a pair of opposed cylinders and illustrating thepistons in shaft 32 extends lthrough head? 2 2 longitudinally into the casing, and-is=journalled mariti-friction bearings 34intheheads22,24. p A-,cap 3 5 secured by screws 31 to head Zienclosesthe endof shaft 32qwhich terminates 'inthe casing. A ring 33 isl secured to the outervifaeevof head 22 and is .pro`

vided with an oil Sea1-searound shaft s2. This,

forms acasing which is' adapted to retain -oil,for

lubricating ,the running;parts.y f

An annular seriesl .ofi cylinders lli'l.A symmetrie.

cally disposedaro'und the axis of rand,having.their axes `parallelto.thefaxis of shaft'32, are formed in one sideportionfofgcasing body 20 and another annular series of cylinders 4|,.having their; axes parallel vto the axis 0f shaft 32are symmetrically disposed in the other side portion `of casingbody 20. Each of the cylinders 40 is co.axial with and is disposed in, opposed relation to acylinder M1. Pistons 42 are sldable in cylinders 40 and pistonsA 43 are sldable in cylinders 4I. The innerrends of cylinders 40; 4I, terminate at a radially cylin-` drical chamber'll. This'a'rrangem'ent ofcylinders and pistons exemplifies a motor with annular series of co-axiallyfoppo'sed cylinders which are' provided wth'pistons 'whichf are slidable'longitudinally .of and parallel to, the vaxis of .the shaft '32, so that each pair kof opposed pistons will k 'operate a crank-element. as hereinafter setvvforth.

their mid-stroke positions, parts being shown in elevation. u Y

r10 is an outer-side elevation of a portion of oneof the heads of the casing. -,Fig. 11 is aside elevationof the body ofthe .casing in; which the cylinders are formed. 5

1271s `a section of the casingbody and the I ponduit rings, taken on line I 2-I2 of Fig. 11;' i

lAseries .of,`crankelements 4correslzionding to the number of cylinders ineach. series `are provided. Each crank-elementv is voperable` by-a pair of vopposed pistons 42,43, and is disposedfin the casingbody 20, between the vopposedcylinde'r's 40,

Each'. crank velementcomprisesa- 'bearing f 4|. member 4.a which sfjoufnaued'i'n' 'anfanti-friti bearing 49, which is mounted in thejinnerend of the cylindrical chamber 46;'.an integral ecc'enma or wrist pinto, andarquerf'sz, 'whichjis provided witha bushingl 53, ,whichr is jrnalled on pin 50; a retaining ollariiwhich is held-,by

a split ring on pin 50, and holds theirollerfon K I the vbearing Vmember 48 of the",cr'ankf-elemer-1t.

Thi? pephry (Pf-each roller 52 ehsagesvapair of opposed pistons `lll2, ll3so that-,during the -op .eran 0f 01.1@ .0f:. ,the `Qimoseclpistons bygfiuid `is exemplified in a motor'which' y comprises a casing whichincludes aonegpiece 'under pressure acting to drive the roller 52, the

opposed piston will ybe shifted by the roller to discharge the fluid from the cylinder in which it is slidable. This exemplies a structure in which crank elements which are mounted to rotate on a radial axis lare drivably engaged by opposed,pis tons which are slidable longitudinally and parallel with.' the axis of shaft 15152.

Each crank element is adapted to drive a bevel pinion 58, the outer end of which is secured by a key 49 in the cylindrical `bearing member 48.

' -riphery of ring 66. Ports |00, one for each oylinv The inner end 59 of each prionisll'urrrlled in..

an anti-friction bearingy pwhichiisfmountedxin an annular member 62, which is integrally formed with and connected by spokesf63, 4tothe annular portion of the casing body "20L Pinio'ns conrrectgconduit 'I2 and the inner periphring 68,1iandports one for each cylinlider-4|, connectvconduit 13 and the inner periph- 58 mesh with a bevel gear S4ittheihubnfxs7vhich.

extends through ring 62l and is secured by. a key 65 to shaft 32. This exemplifies gearingincluding radially extending pinions Which are driven bythe crankeleinentsffordriving-Shaft312.-

The outer ends of the cylindrical chamber-s 546,1 in which theff'erankt 'aller-soperatef-areeach closed by"-,icap`41=;whi -isrerievably.securedetofeasing AbyLscrews#for accessl to thefcra-nk llele-- merits 'an-dl'their asse'rribly With-theV casing;

. Qryo'f. ring A6.68. Each group of ports 92, |00 and 0|, are longitudinally aligned at the innerpe- .:.ripher.ysofxingll.vr

The l.cylindrical outer periphery of each of the f val'vemembers 94, 96, is provided With a series of ixl'hemfeans for delivering iluidto-andLex-haustl r`or ringfiliiand;thefmeansifor deliveringfuidlto f longitudinally extending channels |04, and with an alternatelyrarrangedzf series fofi .longitudinal channels |05, for controlling-:theflowrzdffuidto and-'from' the annularwseriesrof cylinders-:respectively tThe channels: |104:..,in,iyalve '.member1'r394 cylinders 40,;andronewo'f ther.'conduits'|0mr "1|,` and :channels SL05 alternately-:control 'the exhaust of uid from said cylinders to the othereoflfsaid conduits; L Similarly;:the:y channels; i104 -'in-valve member.f6.,:.control.the .o'w 'off'iluidifromy onemf th'ez'conduits; 1 2 .for- 213;1-,t0 icylinderstlll.; and. L'Ghana nels ,lf'ialternatelycontrolithe .exhaust .foi'aflui-d duitwf'l. nist communieativelyjconnectedby-1a duct lliorcorrducting'flui-d betweeneachfcylinder'40 and the;innerwperiphery-ofring456.v similar rpofrtrZcextends ffroms-thefinner periphery-dering fromLsaid: cylinders tozthezother. vof fsaidccenduitsi Channels 1.0.4,'.1051iiirrf vallzettmembers- 94; 9,5. cceactgwithiheiports:in ringsfBErSmespectiyely, to deliyerrand:exhauslefluidzfromgthe cylinders: in eacl'nannularcseriles-:in rotatiyefsuccess-ion. The series of channels |04, |05, in valve memberse! and 19.6; .-;res.pelctively; are-relatively positioned #t0 deliver fluid for imparting- :.affpower istrokeztola pstoninpneannularfseries;offcylinderseandfexhausting; fluid; fromn.ther,co.+axially :opposed Cylinder in: .1 the. other 5 series,A so :that while af power stroke is being imparted to onefof'a;pairroffpposed -pistonsj the.; crank. 'rollen b.etweensaidfpis tons will impart:anexliauststrokertotherother "of said pairlofpistons'. AThem'otornis reversblegrdepending upon .the uid connections .ofpipesfl'i v'19, and8|,'83v.=' v

The operation of each pair of pistons 42,1r 43; in aA Apairf'olfopposed; cylinders`- y"40; 4| ,'-Will' be-as follows: assuming-pipes L| -8 fare -connectedto a source of luidzunderjj'pressurejrandjgpipesillll; Share. connected-for'exhaustigzuidifiuidl1mder Apressure will iiow 'frorligpipefl 1.; throughduct 15 into4 conduit '30,.. and Qfro'm Epipe 8| through duct. 8.0 into 'duct 7,2., and; fluid` fromfconduit4 ..1 Will be exhausted through duct 18, to pipe 19, and :from lconduit 1,3 through- ,duct 82,:to.fpper83..:As a .l channel |04 registers with lelongitudinally aligneports 90, firnring 6,; uid ,under vpressure Will ow frommonduitlL-fsai'd port 9.8,; said channel` 4104, and port si intojfthe ...Cylnderi 40 Connected/' Saidrp0rl1e8p-fandgimpart a power stroke '.to. the.; pistoni-152i in said-cylinder. :Simi-1L taneously, ea: .channelfffl05 valve'zinrenber '9.6,

ring 68, for exhausting fluid from the-'opposed cylinder #4| through-said f port '92; fsaidfv channel |05, and said port'fllp'to-'conduit T3. This-"Will cause 1 piston 42 f to imparta powerjstroke ofapproximatelyl to the lroller 552-land' its crank-'- pin 50--between1said opposedA pair ofipi's'tons while piston y433i7v`i1l beshifte'dfbysaidrollery to exhaust fluid from .said,,cy11nderf4|,r throuengits port 92,

said channel |05 in valvemember 96, and said port" |'0|', to conduit 13, as'illustrated inFig. 8. When the,` piston 42 has" completed its power stroke and the opposed piston'43 has completed its exhaust stroke, a channelv |04 in ringl, will register with aligned ports and 92 for said cylinder 4|,v and iluid under pressure will bedelivered from conduit 12, through'said port |00, said channel |04, and said port 92, to said cylinder 4|, for impartinga power stroke to said piston 43. Simultaneouslsna channel |05 in valve member 94, will rotatepinto registry with port 99 in ring 65, and its associated port 90, for exhausting fluid from the opposed cylinder 40, to

' conduit 1|, during the power stroke of piston 43. In like manner, the pistons in each pair of opposed cylinders will be operated in rotative succession, to operate the crank rollers 52. The operation of crank rollers 52 will drive pinions 58, which will drive shaft 32 through gear 64.

In the exempliicationsof the invention shown, the motor is provided with nine pairs of opposed cylinders and pistons, and a longitudinally aligned group of ports 00, 98, 99, for each cylinder 40, and a similar group 92, |00, ||i|l for each cylinder 4|. The outer periphery of each of the rotatable valve members 04,- 06, is provided with ten alternately arranged pairs of longitudinal channels |04, |05. This exemplifies valve means which causes power strokes in rotative succession in both series of opposed pistons and an exceptionally even ilow of power and the delivery of enormous torque to the shaft 32. In the exemplication illustrated, the nine crank-pins are angularly positioned to rotate in 40 succession, and each roller and crank-pin receives ten power strokes in opposite directions, during each revolution of shaft 32 and valve members 94, 96. This results in high torque and smooth operation of the motor, without objectionable vibration.

By supplying iiuid under pressure, to pipes and 83, and connecting pipes 11 and 8|, for the exhaust of iiuid, the motor will. operate in reverse direction. If pipes 1.1 and 10, 8| and 83, are closed, to prevent the iiow of fluid to the motor and its exhaust therefrom, the uid will be locked in the cylinders so that the shaft 32 will also be locked against rotation.

An oil duct ||0 is provided in each crank-pin 50, which permits oil -in the casing to flow to a groove through which oil is delivered to the outer ends of the pinions 58, for lubricating them. An oil duct I l2 leads from duct l0, to the bushing 53, for lubricating the bearing surfaces between said bushing and crank-pin 50.

The removable heads 41 provide for access to the chambers 46, in which the crank rollers are operated. The members 85 and 81, in the outer ends of the cylinders, are removable for replacement, by removal of the

heads

22, 24. A characteristic of the casing is, that both series of cylinders are formed in a one-piece casing body.

The invention exempliiies a motor operable by iluid under pressure, which is adapted to develop a high and constant torque without vibration; and includes opposed pistons for operating each crank element, which is mounted for sliding movement parallel with the axis of the output shaft.

The invention also exemplies a motor operable by uid under pressure, which is compact and simple in construction, can be economically fab- 6 ricatedand which cankbe readily assembled yand disassembled. Y

The invention is not to bey understood as limited `to the details described,-since these may be modi--V fied within the scope of thev lappended lclaims without departing from the spiritor soopeoithe invention. n Y Having thus describedthe inventionLwhatl claim as new and desire to secure by LetersPatent 1. A motor operable by iluid under pressure, compri-sing: a casing including an annular member and sides, a shaft extending into and journalled in the casing, annular series of co-axial opposed cylinders in opposite 4sides of the casing. having axes substantially parallel with the axis of the shaft, the inner ends of one series of cylinders being spaced from the inner ends of the other series, pistons axially slidable in the cylinders, respectively, individual cranks, each carrying an element engaging the inner ends of opposed pistons, said cranks being disposed substantially at the longitudinal center of the casing, means on the central portion of the annular member o the ca-sing for rotatably supporting the cranks; rings xed at opposite sides of the casing, each provided with annular intake and outlet conduits for one series of cylinders; valve members in the rings rotatable with the shaft. provided with ports for controlling iluid to and from the cylinders; and means for driving said shaft from the cranks, disposed between the ring-s and said valve members.

2. A motor operable by fluid under pressure, comprising: a casing including an annular member and sides, a shaft extending into and journalled in the casing, annular series of co-axial opposed cylinders in opposite sides of the casing, having axes substantially parallel with the axis of the shaft, the inner ends of one series of cylinders being spaced from the inner ends of the other series, pistons axially slidable in the cylinders, respectively, individual cranks, each carrying an element engaging the inner ends of opposed pistons, pinions on and co-axially with the cranks, said cranks and pinions being disposed substantially at the longitudinal center of the casing; means on the central portion of the annular member of the casing for rotatably supporting the cranks and the pinions, rings fixed at opposite sides of the casing, each provided with annular intake and outlet conduits for one series of cylinders; Valve members in the rings, rotatable with the shaft, provided with ports for controlling iluid to and from the cylinders; and means for driving said shaft from the pinions, and disposed between the rings and said valve members.

3. A motor operable by fluid under pressure, comprising: a casing including an annular member and sides, a shaft extending into and journalled in the casing, annular series of co-axial opposed cylinders in opposite sides of the casing, having axes substantially parallel with the axis of the shaft, the inner ends of one series of cylinders being spaced from the inner ends of the other series, pistons axially slidable in the cylinders, respectively; individual cranks, each carrying an element engaging the inner ends of opposed pistons, pinions on and co-axially with the cranks, said cranks and pinions being disposed substantially at the longitudinal center of Ithe casing, means on the central portion of the annular member of the casing for rotatably sup-