US2613194A - Fiber forming solutions - Google Patents
Fiber forming solutions Download PDFInfo
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- US2613194A US2613194A US186909A US18690950A US2613194A US 2613194 A US2613194 A US 2613194A US 186909 A US186909 A US 186909A US 18690950 A US18690950 A US 18690950A US 2613194 A US2613194 A US 2613194A
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- percent
- acrylonitrile
- solution
- polymer
- polymers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims description 20
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 41
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical group C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-vinylpyridine Chemical group C=CC1=CC=CC=N1 KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 45
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 24
- 229940032330 sulfuric acid Drugs 0.000 description 20
- -1 alkyl maleates Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 13
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical class O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- IEPRKVQEAMIZSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-Et ester-Fumaric acid Natural products CCOC(=O)C=CC(=O)OCC IEPRKVQEAMIZSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IEPRKVQEAMIZSS-WAYWQWQTSA-N Diethyl maleate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)\C=C/C(=O)OCC IEPRKVQEAMIZSS-WAYWQWQTSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- XJELOQYISYPGDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 2-chloroacetate Chemical compound ClCC(=O)OC=C XJELOQYISYPGDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioglycolic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CS CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000004177 diethyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- IEPRKVQEAMIZSS-AATRIKPKSA-N diethyl fumarate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)\C=C\C(=O)OCC IEPRKVQEAMIZSS-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZLUPKIRNOCKJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-n,n-dimethylacetamide Chemical compound COCC(=O)N(C)C DZLUPKIRNOCKJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000002177 Cataract Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 101100409194 Rattus norvegicus Ppargc1b gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000767160 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) Intracellular protein transport protein USO1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000370 acceptor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229930188620 butyrolactone Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- JXSJBGJIGXNWCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(SP(=S)(OC)OC)C(=O)OCC JXSJBGJIGXNWCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012674 dispersion polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-L fumarate(2-) Chemical class [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C([O-])=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940061319 ovide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000864 peroxy group Chemical group O(O*)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006069 physical mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
- C08J3/09—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in organic liquids
- C08J3/091—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in organic liquids characterised by the chemical constitution of the organic liquid
- C08J3/096—Nitrogen containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
- C08J3/09—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in organic liquids
- C08J3/091—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in organic liquids characterised by the chemical constitution of the organic liquid
- C08J3/097—Sulfur containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of nitriles
- C08L33/20—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylonitrile
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/02—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D01F6/18—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polymers of unsaturated nitriles, e.g. polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene cyanide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2333/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2333/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of nitriles
- C08J2333/20—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylonitrile
Definitions
- acrylonitrile and up to 20*perc"e'xit"dfo"ther monomers such as vinyl acetate, met'hyl'methacrylate, methyl acrylate, styrene, vinylide'rie chloride, and methacrylonitr ile are capable of production into fibers with superior physicalproperties.
- these compositions and the fibers-prepared therefrom do not-have suflicient dye ,affinity to enable the development of satisfactory colored fibers.
- a stillfurther purpose is tceliminate the-cloudiness and other heterogeneous irregularitiesiri mer may be'dissolved in conyentional solventsfor' fiber forming acrylonitrile polymers to producesolutions of unusual-quality with respect to homo,- geneity'and' spinnabi-lity if the solutions a re grade in thepresence of a;minor proportion of sulfuricacid; for exampleirom 0.01 to; 3.90 weight per cent based on the solution.
- Preferred practice ultilizes from-0.05 to"1.00-percent.
- Theinverition isapplicable to both blends and copolymers which are comprised of from two to ten per cent of a vinylpyridiiie' or an" alkyl sub"- sftituted vinylpyri'dihe ⁇ said percentage lcieirie' based on th'e torn-mar ners o' hicli the' cofioly mer or blendof copdlyiners' are empnsea;
- the blends may have as the principal polymer from to 98' per c'entoi a c'opolym'er of or more" per cent acrylonitrile' and minor proportions of monomers"copolymerizable' therewith.
- the other" blend constltiient is a poyvinylpyridine'or aico' polymer-jot 3pm" more per cn'tof Tavinylpy'ridin'e' or alkyl substituted vinylpyr'idine" and 'up't'd'l'fl per cent of another ,copolyn erizable mono: er;
- the two components of the" blended copolyterrorism'sf are proportioned such .asto' provide the requir' quantity or I acrylonitrile and reactivevinylpyii dine.
- rne' vinylpyridin'elinboth thec' poiyhiiiaiir blend copolymers may be anyyiliyl'py o'r' alkyl' s'ubstituted vinylpyridinel restrain '-2- viny1pyridine aturate-nin 'r-v i-yip id 119; aunts-endp int 1 a i sthynt.
- alkyl radical has up to four carbon atoms, styrene and other vinyl substituted aromatic hydrocarbons, vinylidene chloride and methacrylonitrile.
- These non-functional monomers may be present as a third monomer with acrylonitrile and a vinylpyridinein a terpolymeric system, or they may be used in the blended composition either as a comonomer with acrylonitrile in the principal polymer or as a comonomer with a vinylpyridine in the blending polymer.
- the principal acylonitrile polymers and copolymers thereof may be prepared in any of the manners well-known to the art.
- emulsion or dispersion polymerizations which take place in a'n aqueous'medium in the presence of water-soluble peroxy compounds or other free radical type of catalysts and with a suitable dispersing agent.
- Such polymerizations may take place at elevated temperatures utilizing reflux conditions to eliminate the heat of polymerization or the reaction may be conducted by the Redox" methods in lower ternperatures.
- regulators for example the various mercaptans, such as tert.'-dodecyl mercaptan, mercapto acetic acid, and the esters of mercapto acetic acid.
- the separation of the acrylonitrile polymers from the aqueous medium may be accomplished by filtration or decantation followed by drying in the manner well-known to the art.
- the vinylpyridine polymers may'be bymass polymerization methods, solution polymerization methods, or aqueous emulsion procedures, the latter being the preferred manner of preparation.
- the preferred procedure involves the use of efficient emulsion stabilizing agents for the purpose of preventing a lomeration with the polymer particles.
- the details of polymerization procedure and separation of the polymer from the reaction medium may be practiced by anyof the numerous methods known to the art.
- the fiber forming acrylonitrile polymer and vinylpyridine polymers are physically blendedby a wide variety of procedures. If desired the emulsions or dispersions of polymers in aqueous media, just as received from the polymerization reactors may. be blended. Physical mixtures of the separated solid polymers may also be'utilized.
- a preferred manner of preparing "the mixtures involves'the dispersion of the: polymers, or the emulsions thereof, in a solvent, with the distilla tion or evaporation of the water, if present in proportions large enough to interfere with the complete dissolution of the solid polymers.
- Example 1 polymer of 97 per cent acrylonitrile and three per cent vinyl acetate with 16 per cent of a copolymer of 50 per cent vinyl pyridine and 50 per cent acrylonitrile in sufficient N,N-dimethylacetamide to yield an 18 per cent solids solution.
- the resulting solutions were found to be turbid and to have a viscosity of 117 poises at 50 C.
- Several samples of this spinning solution were treated with varying proportions of sulfuric acid. The following table demonstrates that improvements in viscosity and clarity of the solution are obtained by the addition of sulfuric acid to the spinning solution.
- Example 3 A mixture of 622.5 parts by weight of N,N-dimethylacetamide, 112.2 parts of a copolymer of 97 per cent of acrylonitrile and three per cent vinyl acetate and 15.3 parts of a copolymer of 50 per cent of pyridine and 50 per cent acrylonitrile was prepared by stirring the mixture at C. for one hour. Sulfuric acid in the amount of 0.38 part by weight was added thereto, thereby forming a clear and homogeneous spinning solution. The solution was spun through a spinneret having 30 apertures each 0.005 inch in diameter into a mixture of 60 per cent N,N-di- 'methacetamide'and 40 per cent water.
- a fiber spinning solution comprising a solvent for fiber-forming acrylonitrile polymers, polymer of monomeric substances of which from two to ten percent of the total monomer is a vinylpyridine and at least 80 percent is acrylonitrile, and from 0.01 to 3.0 per cent by weight (based on the solution) of sulfuric acid.
- a fiber spinning solution comprising a solvent for fiber-forming acrylonitrile polymers, polymer of monomeric substances of which from two to ten percent of the total monomer is a vinylpyridine and at least 80 percent is acrylonitrile, in polymeric form, and from 0.05 to 1.0 percent by weight (based on the solution) of sulfuric acid.
- a fiber spinning solution comprising a solvent for fiber-forming acrylonitrile polymers, a copolymer of 90 to 98 percent acrylonitrile and from two to ten percent vinylpyridine, and from 0.01 to 3.0 percent by weight (based on the solution) of sulfuric acid.
- a fiber spinning solution comprising a solvent for fiber-forming acrylonitrile polymers, a blend of a polymer of at least 90 percent acrylonitrile and a polymer of at least 30 percent of vinylpyridine, said polymers being so propora n on conm'ri in a N di ehvlaeta l l ion o po y er o .bsta" cesc hich fr m tw tot thet tali ionomer a.
- vinylpyridi and at least '80 percent is acrylonitrile in polye1jic Iprm. and from. 0.05 to, 1.0, percent by ed or'i'th "'luti' oiisulfuric acid.
- a fiber spinning composition comprising a N,N-dimethy1acetamide solution of a blend of polymer of at least percent acrylonitrile and a polymer of at least 30 percent vinylpyridine, said polymers being blended in such proportions so as to produce polymer having from two to ten percent vinylpyridine in polymeric form, and from 0.05 to 1.0 percent by weight (based on the solution) of sulfuric acid.
- a fiber spinning solution comprising a solvent for fiber-forming acrylonitrile polymers, a blend of a polymer of at least 90 percent acrylonitrile and up to ten percent of a monomer oi the group consisting of vinyl acetate and other, vinyl esters of carboxylic acids having up to four carbon atoms, vinylchloroacetate, methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, other alkyl acrylates and methacrylates wherein the alkyl radical has up to four carbon atoms, styrene, other vinyl substituted aromatc hydrocarbons, vinylidene chloride, diethyl fumarate, diethyl maleate, other alkyl fumarates and alkyl maleates wherein the alkyl radical has up to four carbon atoms and methacrylonitrile; and a polymer of at least 30 percent of vinylpyridine and up to 70 percent of acrylonitrile; and from 0.01 to 3.0 percent by weight (based on the solution) of sulfuric acid said
- a fiber spinning solution comprising a solvent for fiber-forming acrylonitrile polymers, a blend of a polymer of at least 90 percent acrylonitrile and up to ten percent of a monomer of the group consisting of vinyl acetate and other vinyl esters of carboxylic acids having up to four carbon atoms, vinylchloroacetate; methyl methacrylate; methyl acrylatefother alkyl acrylates and methacrylates wherein the alkyl radical has up to four carbon atoms, styrene,',other vinyl substituted aromatic hydrocarbons, vinylidene chloride, diethyl' fumarate, diethyl maleate, other alkyl fumarates and'alkylmaleates wherein the alkyl radical has up to four carbon atoms and methacrylonitrile; and a polymer of at least 30 percent of vinylpyridine and up to '70 percent of acrylonitrile; and from 0.05 to 1.0 percent by weight (based on the solution) of sulfuric acid
- a fiber spinning composition comprising a N,N-dimethylacetamide solution of a blender a polymer of at least 90 percent acrylonitrile and up to ten percent of a monomer of the group'consisting of vinyl acetate and other vinyl esters of carboxylic acids having'up to four carbon atoms, vinylchloroacetate, methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, other alkyl acrylates and methacrylates wherein thealkyl' radical has up to four carbon atoms, styrene, otheryinyl substituted aromatic hydrocarbons, vinylidene chloride, diethyl inmarate, diethyl maleate, other 'alkyl fumarates-and alkyl maleates wherein the alkyl radical has up to four carbon atoms and methacrylonitrilef and a polymer of at least 30per cent of vinylpyridine and up to 70 percent of acrylonitrile; andgfrom 0.01 to 3.0 percentby weight (
- 'A fiber spinningcomposition comprising a N,N-dimethylacetamide solution of a, blend of a polymer of at least 90 percent acrylonitrile and up" totenpercent of a monomer of the group consisting of vinyl acetate and other vinyl esters of carboxylic acids having up to four carbon atoms, vinylchloroacetate, methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, other alkyl acrylates and methacrylates wherein .the alkyl radical has up to four carbon atoms, styrene, other vinyl substituted aromatic hydrlocarbons, vinylidene chloride, diethyl', vfumarate, diethyl maleate, other alkyl fumarates and alkyl maleates wherein the alkyl radical has up to' four carbon atoms and methacrylonitrile; and a polymer of at least percent of vinylpyridine and up to percent of acrylonitrile; and from 0.05 to 1.0 percent by weightv (based
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
Description
Patented Oct. 7, 1952 assignment to The Cheinstrand-Corporatitin',
a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application'sept'einber 26, 1950, Serial No. 186,999
or more acrylonitrile and up to 20*perc"e'xit"dfo"ther monomers, such as vinyl acetate, met'hyl'methacrylate, methyl acrylate, styrene, vinylide'rie chloride, and methacrylonitr ile are capable of production into fibers with superior physicalproperties. Althoughfibe'rs so prepared-have superior tensile properties; desirable elongation; and excellentstability over a wide range of-physical and chemical conditions, they are subject to certain inherent disabilities" which greatly r'estrict their utility as general purpose fibers. For example, these compositions and the fibers-prepared therefrom do not-have suflicient dye ,affinity to enable the development of satisfactory colored fibers. Furthermore many ofthe com?- positions are diflicult toprepare insuitable-solu tions, due to viscosity increases, gellation and the development of cloudy solutions when con ventional fiber spinning-procedures ane-practiced;
In copending applicatiomBer-ial No. 158332} filed April 26, 1950, by David: W. Chaney and" Howard M. Hoxie, there are. described and claimed new fiber spinning compositions, which have the desirable fiberproper-tie'so'f theprior art acrylonit'rile polymers, but'whichliaveimus ual receptivity for dyestuffs." lnacccrdfancwith this procedure the undyeable acry'oni-ti il= poly-' mers are blended-with polymerswhich' are in herently better dye acceptors; 'Ihejblendewpoly: mer not only acquires satisfactory-fdye-receptivity' but is also found to havejan unusually superior thermostability. In the spinning-of thebls'nded polymers it has beenfound'that heterogeneous cloudy solutions, partial gellatiori", ncreasesin' viscosity and otherirregularitiesfare frequently encountered. v A I The fundamental purposeof this invent on is? to provide means of the improved .spiniiiii'g'oi the blended polymers; A rurtnerpurooseortne' invention is'to'provide a nie'aiisof rejdi'icingl tlie viscosity and increasingthe spinnabilitylof the solution Without'lower'ing the solidcont'ent; and
conversely, increasing thesolidcontent of a. spinning solution without increasing. the viscosity. A stillfurther purposeis tceliminate the-cloudiness and other heterogeneous irregularitiesiri mer may be'dissolved in conyentional solventsfor' fiber forming acrylonitrile polymers to producesolutions of unusual-quality with respect to homo,- geneity'and' spinnabi-lity if the solutions a re grade in thepresence of a;minor proportion of sulfuricacid; for exampleirom 0.01 to; 3.90 weight per cent based on the solution. Preferred practice ultilizes from-0.05 to"1.00-percent. Such' mixtureshave been foundtohave lower viscositiesand" complete'ireedom from turbidity as com pared to thesame-solutions: not containing the sulfuric acid.'- Although the' invention is particularly applicable to blended VinyIpy'ridine polymers'; wliere" heterogeneous properties are fre quent andthe minimization thereof a commonproblem, the inventioniiszalso usefulwith respect" to 'copolymers .of acrylonitrile" and vinylpyridiiie, particularly'the copolyme'r's'o'f 90 to 98 per cent acrylo'riitrile 'and from two to tenper cen'tof a vinylpyridiiie' or an ,alkyi substituted vinylpyri-" dine. 1
Theinverition isapplicable to both blends and copolymers which are comprised of from two to ten per cent of a vinylpyridiiie' or an" alkyl sub"- sftituted vinylpyri'dihe} said percentage lcieirie' based on th'e torn-mar ners o' hicli the' cofioly mer or blendof copdlyiners' are empnsea; The blends may have as the principal polymer from to 98' per c'entoi a c'opolym'er of or more" per cent acrylonitrile' and minor proportions of monomers"copolymerizable' therewith. The other" blend constltiientis a poyvinylpyridine'or aico' polymer-jot 3pm" more per cn'tof Tavinylpy'ridin'e' or alkyl substituted vinylpyr'idine" and 'up't'd'l'fl per cent of another ,copolyn erizable mono: er; The two components of the" blended copolyniei'sf are proportioned such .asto' provide the requir' quantity or I acrylonitrile and reactivevinylpyii dine.
rne' vinylpyridin'elinboth thec' poiyhiiiaiir blend copolymers may be anyyiliyl'py o'r' alkyl' s'ubstituted vinylpyridinel restrain '-2- viny1pyridine aturate-nin 'r-v i-yip id 119; aunts-endp int 1 a i sthynt. .5-v nr :me hr fid -z v li w l inez-v n r me hrl r d e -i y- FS- t ylpr dinel n a th r y' r in tamingalkylsubstituentswherein the all-zyl 'radical has up to fqur'carbonatbms.
leate, diethyl fumarate and other alkyl maleates and fumarates wherein the alkyl radical has up to four carbon atoms, styrene and other vinyl substituted aromatic hydrocarbons, vinylidene chloride and methacrylonitrile. These non-functional monomers may be present as a third monomer with acrylonitrile and a vinylpyridinein a terpolymeric system, or they may be used in the blended composition either as a comonomer with acrylonitrile in the principal polymer or as a comonomer with a vinylpyridine in the blending polymer. Y
The principal acylonitrile polymers and copolymers thereof may be prepared in any of the manners well-known to the art. Of particular utility are the emulsion or dispersion polymerizations which take place in a'n aqueous'medium in the presence of water-soluble peroxy compounds or other free radical type of catalysts and with a suitable dispersing agent. Such polymerizations may take place at elevated temperatures utilizing reflux conditions to eliminate the heat of polymerization or the reaction may be conducted by the Redox" methods in lower ternperatures. It is also conventional to use regulators, for example the various mercaptans, such as tert.'-dodecyl mercaptan, mercapto acetic acid, and the esters of mercapto acetic acid. The separation of the acrylonitrile polymers from the aqueous medium may be accomplished by filtration or decantation followed by drying in the manner well-known to the art. I
The vinylpyridine polymers .may'be bymass polymerization methods, solution polymerization methods, or aqueous emulsion procedures, the latter being the preferred manner of preparation. The preferred procedure involves the use of efficient emulsion stabilizing agents for the purpose of preventing a lomeration with the polymer particles. The details of polymerization procedure and separation of the polymer from the reaction medium may be practiced by anyof the numerous methods known to the art.
The fiber forming acrylonitrile polymer and vinylpyridine polymers are physically blendedby a wide variety of procedures. If desired the emulsions or dispersions of polymers in aqueous media, just as received from the polymerization reactors may. be blended. Physical mixtures of the separated solid polymers may also be'utilized. A preferred manner of preparing "the mixtures involves'the dispersion of the: polymers, or the emulsions thereof, in a solvent, with the distilla tion or evaporation of the water, if present in proportions large enough to interfere with the complete dissolution of the solid polymers. ,In the-preparation oi the blends in the presence of a conventional solvent, or preferably N,'N-dimethylacetamide, from which thefiber spinning will ultimately take place, frequently non-homogeneous, cloudy dispersions are obtained.
Other solvents which may be fused inthe practice of this invention are butyrolactone, N,N-dimethylformamide, ethylene carbonate, 'maleic' anhydride, N,N-dimethylmethoxyacetamide, succinic anhydride, and a-cyano'acetamide- In accordance with the practice of this inven tion minor proportions of sulfuric acid are added. It has been found that the addition of 0.01 per cent to five per cent by weight (based on the solvent) of sulfuric acid will eliminate the turbidity and produce clear, transparent, light-col ored polymer solutions; The treatment has also been found to cause a marked reduction in the viscosity, thereby enabling the spinning with 'higher solid content in the spinning solutions or spinning at low temperatures. Improvements in dye receptivity and dye fastness were noted. Further details of the invention are set forth with respect to the following specific examples:
Example 1 polymer of 97 per cent acrylonitrile and three per cent vinyl acetate with 16 per cent of a copolymer of 50 per cent vinyl pyridine and 50 per cent acrylonitrile in sufficient N,N-dimethylacetamide to yield an 18 per cent solids solution. The resulting solutions were found to be turbid and to have a viscosity of 117 poises at 50 C. Several samples of this spinning solution were treated with varying proportions of sulfuric acid. The following table demonstrates that improvements in viscosity and clarity of the solution are obtained by the addition of sulfuric acid to the spinning solution.
Y Viscosity gi gggf in Clarity of Solution 50035638 Turbid ll? Clear, light in color. 92
Cloudy 90 Example 2 The effect of sulfuric acid on spinning solutions of higher solids content was demonstrated by preparing a 24. 5 per cent solids content spinning solution of the copolymer blend described in the preceding example. The untreated solution was found to be cloudy and to have a viscosity of 371 poises .at 50 C. The addition of 0.2 cc. of sulfuric acid per 300 grams of solution clarified the solution. entirely and reduced the viscosity to 324 poises at 50 C.
-- Example 3 -A mixture of 622.5 parts by weight of N,N-dimethylacetamide, 112.2 parts of a copolymer of 97 per cent of acrylonitrile and three per cent vinyl acetate and 15.3 parts of a copolymer of 50 per cent of pyridine and 50 per cent acrylonitrile was prepared by stirring the mixture at C. for one hour. Sulfuric acid in the amount of 0.38 part by weight was added thereto, thereby forming a clear and homogeneous spinning solution. The solutionwas spun through a spinneret having 30 apertures each 0.005 inch in diameter into a mixture of 60 per cent N,N-di- 'methacetamide'and 40 per cent water. The fiber Example 4 Using the procedure described in Example 1, a copolymer of Q'Tpercent acrylonitrile and three ing; 0.19. percent of foundtober"edjiceii" Emmp e6-+ A series of blends f vvarious proportion copolymer-of 07 percent acrylonitrileandi three percent vinyl acetate, a "copolymer off50 percent vinylpyndine andj-50 percentfacrylonitrile were prepafedjdissolved in N ,N dimethyl'acetamide and treated with sulfuric acid in difierent proportions. The solutions soobtained were all spun into fibers which had excellent dye acceptance. The following table shows thevariation in proportions used and the cataract-the spinning solution l Wt. Percent V Sillfiir'ic 4 Acid Wt. Percent vinylpyridine Clearand homogeneous.
Do. Cloudy. Clear and homogeneous.
These experiments demonstrate that when more than one percent of sulfuric acid is used, cloudy solutions may be formed. This lack of clarity does not affect the spinnability of the solution. Improvements in lowered viscosity are found at all concentrations.
The invention is defined by the following claims.
What I claim is:
1. A fiber spinning solution comprising a solvent for fiber-forming acrylonitrile polymers, polymer of monomeric substances of which from two to ten percent of the total monomer is a vinylpyridine and at least 80 percent is acrylonitrile, and from 0.01 to 3.0 per cent by weight (based on the solution) of sulfuric acid.
2. A fiber spinning solution comprising a solvent for fiber-forming acrylonitrile polymers, polymer of monomeric substances of which from two to ten percent of the total monomer is a vinylpyridine and at least 80 percent is acrylonitrile, in polymeric form, and from 0.05 to 1.0 percent by weight (based on the solution) of sulfuric acid.
3. A fiber spinning solution comprising a solvent for fiber-forming acrylonitrile polymers, a copolymer of 90 to 98 percent acrylonitrile and from two to ten percent vinylpyridine, and from 0.01 to 3.0 percent by weight (based on the solution) of sulfuric acid.
4. A fiber spinning solution comprising a solvent for fiber-forming acrylonitrile polymers, a blend of a polymer of at least 90 percent acrylonitrile and a polymer of at least 30 percent of vinylpyridine, said polymers being so propora n on conm'ri in a N di ehvlaeta l l ion o po y er o .bsta" cesc hich fr m tw tot thet tali ionomer a. vinylpyridi and at least '80 percent is acrylonitrile in polye1jic Iprm. and from. 0.05 to, 1.0, percent by ed or'i'th "'luti' oiisulfuric acid.
a jlll dimethylac amide reo ter'ilpercent Orrin ume,,;ena from 0.05 to. 1.0
' solution) ofsulpertentgt wei ntrtased or j ill i to produce polymer having from two to ten percentof vinylpyridine in polymeric form, and from 0.01 to 3.0 percent by weight (based on the solution) of sulfuric acid.
10. A fiber spinning composition comprising a N,N-dimethy1acetamide solution of a blend of polymer of at least percent acrylonitrile and a polymer of at least 30 percent vinylpyridine, said polymers being blended in such proportions so as to produce polymer having from two to ten percent vinylpyridine in polymeric form, and from 0.05 to 1.0 percent by weight (based on the solution) of sulfuric acid.
11. A fiber spinning solution comprising a solvent for fiber-forming acrylonitrile polymers, a blend of a polymer of at least 90 percent acrylonitrile and up to ten percent of a monomer oi the group consisting of vinyl acetate and other, vinyl esters of carboxylic acids having up to four carbon atoms, vinylchloroacetate, methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, other alkyl acrylates and methacrylates wherein the alkyl radical has up to four carbon atoms, styrene, other vinyl substituted aromatc hydrocarbons, vinylidene chloride, diethyl fumarate, diethyl maleate, other alkyl fumarates and alkyl maleates wherein the alkyl radical has up to four carbon atoms and methacrylonitrile; and a polymer of at least 30 percent of vinylpyridine and up to 70 percent of acrylonitrile; and from 0.01 to 3.0 percent by weight (based on the solution) of sulfuric acid said blend of polymers being so proportioned so as to provide vinylpyridine to the extent of from two to ten percent of the total polymerized monomer.
12. A fiber spinning solution comprising a solvent for fiber-forming acrylonitrile polymers, a blend of a polymer of at least 90 percent acrylonitrile and up to ten percent of a monomer of the group consisting of vinyl acetate and other vinyl esters of carboxylic acids having up to four carbon atoms, vinylchloroacetate; methyl methacrylate; methyl acrylatefother alkyl acrylates and methacrylates wherein the alkyl radical has up to four carbon atoms, styrene,',other vinyl substituted aromatic hydrocarbons, vinylidene chloride, diethyl' fumarate, diethyl maleate, other alkyl fumarates and'alkylmaleates wherein the alkyl radical has up to four carbon atoms and methacrylonitrile; and a polymer of at least 30 percent of vinylpyridine and up to '70 percent of acrylonitrile; and from 0.05 to 1.0 percent by weight (based on the solution) of sulfuric acid said blend of polymers beingso proportioned so as to provide vinylpyridi'n'e to vthe extent'oi from two to ten percent of the totaljpohlmerized monomer. '1 i 13, A fiber spinning composition comprising a N,N-dimethylacetamide solution of a blender a polymer of at least 90 percent acrylonitrile and up to ten percent of a monomer of the group'consisting of vinyl acetate and other vinyl esters of carboxylic acids having'up to four carbon atoms, vinylchloroacetate, methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, other alkyl acrylates and methacrylates wherein thealkyl' radical has up to four carbon atoms, styrene, otheryinyl substituted aromatic hydrocarbons, vinylidene chloride, diethyl inmarate, diethyl maleate, other 'alkyl fumarates-and alkyl maleates wherein the alkyl radical has up to four carbon atoms and methacrylonitrilef and a polymer of at least 30per cent of vinylpyridine and up to 70 percent of acrylonitrile; andgfrom 0.01 to 3.0 percentby weight (based on the solution) of sulfuric acid saidblend of polymers being'so proportioned so as to provide vinylpyridine tothe extent of from two to ten percent of the total polymerized monomer.
14. 'A fiber spinningcomposition comprising a N,N-dimethylacetamide solution of a, blend of a polymer of at least 90 percent acrylonitrile and up" totenpercent of a monomer of the group consisting of vinyl acetate and other vinyl esters of carboxylic acids having up to four carbon atoms, vinylchloroacetate, methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, other alkyl acrylates and methacrylates wherein .the alkyl radical has up to four carbon atoms, styrene, other vinyl substituted aromatic hydrlocarbons, vinylidene chloride, diethyl', vfumarate, diethyl maleate, other alkyl fumarates and alkyl maleates wherein the alkyl radical has up to' four carbon atoms and methacrylonitrile; and a polymer of at least percent of vinylpyridine and up to percent of acrylonitrile; and from 0.05 to 1.0 percent by weightv (based on the solution) of sulfuric acid said blend of polymers being so proportion so as to pr ovide' vinylpyridine to the extent of from two toten per centof the total polymerized monomer.
ALFRED B. CRAIG.
" REFERENCES CITED UNITED STATES PATENTS Name Date Scheiderbauer Mar. 28, 1950 Number
Claims (1)
1. A FIBER SPINNING SOLUTION COMPRISING A SOLVENT FOR FIBER-FORMING ACRYLONITRILE POLYMERS, POLYMER OF MONOMERIC SUBSTANCES OF WHICH FROM TWO TO TEN PERCENT OF THE TOTAL MONOMER IS A VINYLPYRIDINE AND AT LEAST 80 PERCENT IS ACRYLONITRILE, AND FROM 0.01 TO 3.0 PER CENT BY WEIGHT (BASED ON THE SOLUTION) OF SULFURIC ACID.
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL78751D NL78751C (en) | 1950-09-26 | ||
BE503453D BE503453A (en) | 1950-09-26 | ||
US186910A US2613195A (en) | 1950-09-26 | 1950-09-26 | Fiber spinning solutions |
US186909A US2613194A (en) | 1950-09-26 | 1950-09-26 | Fiber forming solutions |
GB11006/51A GB700565A (en) | 1950-09-26 | 1951-05-10 | Improvements in or relating to fiber-spinning solutions |
FR1180602D FR1180602A (en) | 1950-09-26 | 1951-05-16 | Improvements in fiber spinning solutions |
CH315548D CH315548A (en) | 1950-09-26 | 1951-08-27 | Fiber spinning solution |
CH318120D CH318120A (en) | 1950-09-26 | 1951-08-27 | Fiber spinning solution |
CH315284D CH315284A (en) | 1950-09-26 | 1951-08-27 | Fiber spinning solution |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US186909A US2613194A (en) | 1950-09-26 | 1950-09-26 | Fiber forming solutions |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2613194A true US2613194A (en) | 1952-10-07 |
Family
ID=22686782
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US186909A Expired - Lifetime US2613194A (en) | 1950-09-26 | 1950-09-26 | Fiber forming solutions |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2613194A (en) |
BE (1) | BE503453A (en) |
CH (3) | CH315548A (en) |
FR (1) | FR1180602A (en) |
GB (1) | GB700565A (en) |
NL (1) | NL78751C (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2850479A (en) * | 1955-08-08 | 1958-09-02 | Chemstrand Corp | Process of preparing an acrylonitrile graft interpolymer |
US2878204A (en) * | 1956-05-23 | 1959-03-17 | Chemstrand Corp | Acrylonitrile polymer composition stabilized with metal formaldehyde sulfoxylate, ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid and sodium salts thereof, and an inorganic acid, and method of making same |
US2878203A (en) * | 1956-05-23 | 1959-03-17 | Chemstrand Corp | Acrylonitrile polymer composition stabilized with metal formaldehyde sulfoxylate, a six membered n-formyl heterocyclic compound, and an inorganic acid, and method of making same |
US2891035A (en) * | 1953-07-03 | 1959-06-16 | American Cyanamid Co | Preparation of an acrylonitrile-methyl acrylate-methyl vinylpyridine ternary polymer |
US2932550A (en) * | 1953-10-14 | 1960-04-12 | Chemstrand Corp | Acid pretreatment of polyacrylonitrile-type fibers and the treated fibers |
US2952505A (en) * | 1953-10-14 | 1960-09-13 | Chemstrand Corp | Process for dyeing shaped articles |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2949432A (en) * | 1957-09-12 | 1960-08-16 | Chemstrand Corp | Fiber-forming composition containing an acrylonitrile polymer plasticized with tri-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate |
US4294785A (en) | 1978-12-08 | 1981-10-13 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Process of casting polyparabanic acid films from stabilized organic amide solvents |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2502030A (en) * | 1945-07-13 | 1950-03-28 | Du Pont | Solutions of acrylonitrile polymers containing a color-free acidic compound |
-
0
- NL NL78751D patent/NL78751C/xx active
- BE BE503453D patent/BE503453A/xx unknown
-
1950
- 1950-09-26 US US186909A patent/US2613194A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1951
- 1951-05-10 GB GB11006/51A patent/GB700565A/en not_active Expired
- 1951-05-16 FR FR1180602D patent/FR1180602A/en not_active Expired
- 1951-08-27 CH CH315548D patent/CH315548A/en unknown
- 1951-08-27 CH CH315284D patent/CH315284A/en unknown
- 1951-08-27 CH CH318120D patent/CH318120A/en unknown
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2502030A (en) * | 1945-07-13 | 1950-03-28 | Du Pont | Solutions of acrylonitrile polymers containing a color-free acidic compound |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2891035A (en) * | 1953-07-03 | 1959-06-16 | American Cyanamid Co | Preparation of an acrylonitrile-methyl acrylate-methyl vinylpyridine ternary polymer |
US2932550A (en) * | 1953-10-14 | 1960-04-12 | Chemstrand Corp | Acid pretreatment of polyacrylonitrile-type fibers and the treated fibers |
US2952505A (en) * | 1953-10-14 | 1960-09-13 | Chemstrand Corp | Process for dyeing shaped articles |
US2850479A (en) * | 1955-08-08 | 1958-09-02 | Chemstrand Corp | Process of preparing an acrylonitrile graft interpolymer |
US2878204A (en) * | 1956-05-23 | 1959-03-17 | Chemstrand Corp | Acrylonitrile polymer composition stabilized with metal formaldehyde sulfoxylate, ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid and sodium salts thereof, and an inorganic acid, and method of making same |
US2878203A (en) * | 1956-05-23 | 1959-03-17 | Chemstrand Corp | Acrylonitrile polymer composition stabilized with metal formaldehyde sulfoxylate, a six membered n-formyl heterocyclic compound, and an inorganic acid, and method of making same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CH315284A (en) | 1956-08-15 |
CH318120A (en) | 1956-12-15 |
BE503453A (en) | |
CH315548A (en) | 1956-08-31 |
NL78751C (en) | |
GB700565A (en) | 1953-12-02 |
FR1180602A (en) | 1959-06-08 |
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