US2609506A - Gaseous tube oscillator - Google Patents

Gaseous tube oscillator Download PDF

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Publication number
US2609506A
US2609506A US42264A US4226448A US2609506A US 2609506 A US2609506 A US 2609506A US 42264 A US42264 A US 42264A US 4226448 A US4226448 A US 4226448A US 2609506 A US2609506 A US 2609506A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
voltage
tube
value
circuit
condenser
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US42264A
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English (en)
Inventor
Siezen Gerrit Jan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
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Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
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Publication date
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25C—HAND-HELD NAILING OR STAPLING TOOLS; MANUALLY OPERATED PORTABLE STAPLING TOOLS
    • B25C3/00—Portable devices for holding and guiding nails; Nail dispensers
    • B25C3/006—Portable devices for holding and guiding nails; Nail dispensers only for holding and guiding
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V10/00—Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding
    • G06V10/20—Image preprocessing
    • G06V10/24—Aligning, centring, orientation detection or correction of the image
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V10/00—Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding
    • G06V10/70—Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding using pattern recognition or machine learning
    • G06V10/74—Image or video pattern matching; Proximity measures in feature spaces
    • G06V10/75—Organisation of the matching processes, e.g. simultaneous or sequential comparisons of image or video features; Coarse-fine approaches, e.g. multi-scale approaches; using context analysis; Selection of dictionaries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/46—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B7/00—Generation of oscillations using active element having a negative resistance between two of its electrodes
    • H03B7/02—Generation of oscillations using active element having a negative resistance between two of its electrodes with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
    • H03B7/10—Generation of oscillations using active element having a negative resistance between two of its electrodes with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element being gas-discharge or arc-discharge tube
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
    • H03K3/53—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of an energy-accumulating element discharged through the load by a switching device controlled by an external signal and not incorporating positive feedback
    • H03K3/55—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of an energy-accumulating element discharged through the load by a switching device controlled by an external signal and not incorporating positive feedback the switching device being a gas-filled tube having a control electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K4/00—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions
    • H03K4/06—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having triangular shape
    • H03K4/08—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having triangular shape having sawtooth shape
    • H03K4/86—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having triangular shape having sawtooth shape using as active elements gas-filled tubes or spark-gaps

Definitions

  • This invention relates to av circuit for generating alternating voltage with the aid of a source of direct voltage and the series-combination ofpa condenser andan inductance, the series-coma resistance 3 represents the resistance which is invariably provided in such a circuit) of which one extremity is connected to the negative terminal of a battery 4 having a terminal voltage E, is connected at its other extremity, by means of a mechanic switch 5, alternately to the positive and the negative terminal of the battery 4.
  • this F. comprises a firs-t harmonic having an amplitude which is indicated by the dotted line b in Fig. 2.
  • the frequency of this first harmonic equals thev natural frequency f of the series-combination, so that the amplitude of the condenser voltage V will attain a value the 'so-called quality factor of the circuit.
  • the mechanic switch exhibits inertia, so that the switching frequency and hence also the resonant frequency of the circuit is limited, which may result in excessive values of the inductance and the capacity.
  • the tuning of the switching frequency to the resonant frequency of the circuit causes difliculty, more particularly if the quality factor Q of thi circuit is high and hence the width of the resonance curve is small.
  • the circuit according to the invention mitigates the said disadvantages and exhibits the characteristic that .the direct voltage supply is connected to the series-combination of the condenser and the inductance by way of an element which is conductive in only one direction, whilst the circuit constituted by the series-combination of the condenser and at least a part of the inductance is likewise completed by way, of such an element.
  • Fig. 4a shows as a function of time the varia- I tion of the voltage V set up at the condenser
  • Figs. 4b and 4c show the variations of currents i1 and i2 indicated by arrows inFig. 3, as a function of time in the stationary position.
  • the frequency of the mechanic switching operation may be chosen to be considerably lower than the resonance frequency of the series-combination, so that the lat ter may be given a high value, which permits of obtaining a higher value of the quality factor Q.
  • Figure 4 furthermore shows that half the periodic time of the series-combination extends, for example, from h to t2 or from 134 to is, whilst the time during which the switch occupies the position 8 or 9 extend from 131 to t; or from 154 to 156 respectively.
  • Th periods during which the switching arm moves from one position to the other correspond to the periods ta-ti and lie to tv.
  • the switching arm acquires a voltage equal to the instantaneous value of the condenser voltage, that is +V1 or V2, so that the rectifiers are required to resist a high blocking voltage and sparking still occurs in the contact-making of the switching arm.
  • a further advantageous form of the circuit according to the invention does not exhibit this disadvantage, whilst furthermore the mechanic switch is omitted.
  • the igniting and operating voltages of the discharge tubes are required to be such that alternately one of the tubes is conductive whilst for the automatic starting of the circuit it is furthermore necessary that the igniting voltage of tube l0 should be lower than the battery voltage E, since otherwise ignition does not take place when condenser I is uncharged.
  • V010 is the igniting voltage of tube 10
  • V011 is the igniting voltage of tube I l
  • Vbm is the operating voltage of tube I0
  • Vbu is the operating voltage of tube II 1 the above-mentioned conditions are fulfilled if:
  • Fig.4 which, as before, shows the stationary waveform.
  • the condenser voltage if tube [0 is conductive, will again rise to the voltage V1, tube H then being inoperative on the ground of relation 1).
  • the current i1 will inverse its polarity, whereby tube 10- extinguishes.
  • V QAE 7
  • is thus always smaller than In order to ensure a maximum difference between the igniting and operating voltages, it is advantageous to utilise gas-filled discharge tubes each comprising a control-grid which is suitably biassed in such manner that the igniting voltage of the tubes has a high value.
  • Such tubes fre- J quently. have a low operatingvoltage; .so :tha't a high potential. difference may be: obtained;
  • Vbit have. small, values. the. voltage.
  • Vbit has, a small value
  • the adjustmentof the igniting voltage V013. is comparatively critical, which may be avoided. however, byconnect ing the point [9 to a. negative potential ---Vo,-
  • the igniting voltage of. tube l3 may be chosen between two further. different values, viz. EVb14 and E+Vo.
  • circuits in .which this disadvantage is alsosuppressed will be described by reference to Figs. 8, 9 and 10.
  • the circuit shown in Fig. 8 only differs from that shown in Fig. 6 in that inductances and 2
  • tube l3 As soon as tube l3 extinguishes and tube I4 ignites the cathode of tube l3 acquires a positive increase in voltage since the voltage V at this moment has a high positive value. Consequently, more rapid deionisation occurs in tube l3.
  • rapid deionisationofgthe gas-filled discharge tubes is; also.
  • The: series-combination further 7 comprises, as
  • the inductance of the coil 23. is L23 andthe: inductance ofrthe part 2:4 of, this coil is 11. 1123, and if t-he voltagesset up across the-discharge tubes are Var and. Vzsrespectively; We have. :1
  • FIG. 10 Such a variation of the voltage V as a function of the time t is shown in Fig. 10.
  • a rapid decrease in voltage occurs during the period of time t1-t2 in which tube Moi Fig. 8 is conducslowly increasing voltage duringthe period of time tz-ta, in which tube I3 is, conductive.
  • the so-called' feedback ratio of the sawtooth voltage thus equals the ratio 11 in which the coil 23 is divided.
  • An alternating voltage generator comprising said network being connected through said'iirst device to said source, and means connecting said second device between the end of saidcapacitance remote from said element and a point said element, said first device having a value "of ignition voltage which is less than said predetermined magnitude and having a prescribed value of operating voltage, said second device having a valued ignition voltage relative to that of said first device and a value of operating volt-' age relative to that of said first device at which said devices are automatically rendered alternately conductive.
  • An alternating voltage generator comprising a source of direct voltage of predetermined magnitude, first and second gaseous dischargeidevices, an oscillatory network constituted'by a capacitance connected in series with an inductance element formed by first and second serially-cone.
  • said network being connected through said first device to said source, a third inductor, and means connecting said second device between the end of said capacitance remote from said element and through said third inductor to the junction of said first and second inductors, said first device having a value of ignition voltage which is less than said predetermined magnitude and having a prescribed value of operating voltage, said second. device having a value of ignition voltage relative to that of said first device and a value of operating voltage relative to that of said first device at which said devices are automatically rendered alternately conductive.
  • An alternating voltage generator comprising a sourceof direct'voltage of predetermined magnitude; first and second gaseous discharge-devices, an oscillatory network constituted by a capacitance connected in'series with an inductive element formedby a single inductor, said network beingconnected-through said first device to-s'aid source, and means connecting said second device between the end of said capacitance remote from said inductor and an intermediate tap in said inductor, said first device having a value of ignition voltage which is less than said predetermined magnitude and having a prescribed operating voltage; said second device having a value'of ignition voltage relative to that of said first device and a value of operating voltage relative to that of said first device at which said devices are automatically rendered alternately conductive.
  • A11 alternating voltage generator comprising a source of direct voltage of predetermined mag-' nitude, first and second gaseous discharge deviceseach having a cathode, an anode and an ignition electrode, an oscillatory network constituted by a capacitance connected in series with an inductive element, means connecting the anode of the first deviceto the positive terminal of the source.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Computing Systems (AREA)
  • Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
  • Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Software Systems (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Generation Of Surge Voltage And Current (AREA)
  • Ac-Ac Conversion (AREA)
US42264A 1947-08-14 1948-08-03 Gaseous tube oscillator Expired - Lifetime US2609506A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL651046X 1947-08-14

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US2609506A true US2609506A (en) 1952-09-02

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FR (1) FR970380A (un)
GB (1) GB651046A (un)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2942123A (en) * 1956-01-31 1960-06-21 Westinghouse Electric Corp Time delay control device
US3240991A (en) * 1964-10-01 1966-03-15 Westinghouse Electric Corp Static inverter
US3689688A (en) * 1970-11-02 1972-09-05 Skiatron Elect & Tele Communications secrecy system
WO1983000271A1 (en) * 1981-07-06 1983-01-20 Zelina, William, B. Line operated fluorescent lamp inverter ballast

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1752205A (en) * 1928-10-27 1930-03-25 Gen Electric Power-converting apparatus
US1752247A (en) * 1929-04-18 1930-03-25 Gen Electric Converting apparatus
US1919977A (en) * 1931-12-24 1933-07-25 Gen Electric Electric valve converting apparatus
US2247728A (en) * 1939-02-13 1941-07-01 John Halmagyi Oscillation generator for electrical musical instruments

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1752205A (en) * 1928-10-27 1930-03-25 Gen Electric Power-converting apparatus
US1752247A (en) * 1929-04-18 1930-03-25 Gen Electric Converting apparatus
US1919977A (en) * 1931-12-24 1933-07-25 Gen Electric Electric valve converting apparatus
US2247728A (en) * 1939-02-13 1941-07-01 John Halmagyi Oscillation generator for electrical musical instruments

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2942123A (en) * 1956-01-31 1960-06-21 Westinghouse Electric Corp Time delay control device
US3240991A (en) * 1964-10-01 1966-03-15 Westinghouse Electric Corp Static inverter
US3689688A (en) * 1970-11-02 1972-09-05 Skiatron Elect & Tele Communications secrecy system
WO1983000271A1 (en) * 1981-07-06 1983-01-20 Zelina, William, B. Line operated fluorescent lamp inverter ballast

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR970380A (un) 1951-01-03
GB651046A (en) 1951-03-07

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