US2607904A - Electron optical system for cathodes of electron beam tubes - Google Patents

Electron optical system for cathodes of electron beam tubes Download PDF

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Publication number
US2607904A
US2607904A US120717A US12071749A US2607904A US 2607904 A US2607904 A US 2607904A US 120717 A US120717 A US 120717A US 12071749 A US12071749 A US 12071749A US 2607904 A US2607904 A US 2607904A
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United States
Prior art keywords
cathode
electrode
anode
electron
cathodes
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Expired - Lifetime
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US120717A
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English (en)
Inventor
Lerbs Alfred
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Thales SA
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CSF Compagnie Generale de Telegraphie sans Fil SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
    • H01J25/42—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H01J25/44—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field the forward travelling wave being utilised
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
    • H01J25/42—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field

Definitions

  • I948- Myinvention relates-'to-electron beam tubes and covers an electron optical system adapted to be applied-to the cathode of such tubes.
  • a further object is to provide a cathode-system capable of producing a large emission current which can be adjusted by contrdllingthe current through the cathode.
  • FIG. 3 shows-the distribution of the electric field of the cathode structure-shown in Fig.- '2 under certain operating. conditions
  • the whole arrangement is placed in a. transverse magnetic field- B- set up by a suitablecoil andcore. i r
  • the cathodes used in these tubes may beeith'er flat-shaped oxide cathodes, orfilament-sh'aped cathodesmade of metal such as tungsten'or tantalum. They areusually raised to a potential that corresponds :to the distribution of same 'in the region between H and Z in which they :are located, so as not to disturb the shapeof. the static linesof-lorce. w
  • Fig. 1 shows. for example .anoxid'e icathodelocated at the level of the electrode Zand'raised to the same potential as said electrodeza Fig. '2 also shows bywayof example a metal cathode which islocatedinthe space "between-Z- and H andis raised-to an intermediate potential between thesetwo electrodes according to' the potential drop up *to the region occupied by the t e. E. ;.3
  • a cathode-of cylindrical shape is associated anelectron optical system comprising a ⁇ likewise cylindrical anode that "surrounds the -cathode,” and a -merhber adapted to connect the field distributionround the cathode tothe field distribution betwee'n'the retardation line and the electrode which islocated'opposite said line; V
  • the radius DA of the circular portion is determined by taking into account that the electrons do not touch the anode, such radius being variable and a function. of the magnetic field applied, of the anode voltage and of the distance DH, between the electrodes Z and H, at which the member A is connected to'the point e.
  • the length he should preferably be equal to several times the distance DH.
  • Fig. 5 shows the application of the arrangementsofjig. 4 to 'a travelling-wave tube with a transverse magnetic fieldjand of circular structure. It does not require further explanations since the reference letters' are the same as in Fig. 4.
  • Fig. 6 shows the application of the principles of the invention to the case in which the cathode is raised to an intermediate potential between Z and H and isarranged as in Fig. 2.
  • an auxiliary electrode C raised to the same potential as C, the member A surrounding the cathode as in Fig. 4, and the dimensioning rules being applied with respect to theelectrode C as they were previously with respect to the electrode Z.
  • the figure does not require-further explanations, since the reference letters are the same as in Fig.4.
  • the cathode is not restricted to the examples which have been described and illustrated, but on the contrarymay-be subjected to any modificationithat may be within the scope of the expert, without changing its principle.
  • the cathode it is notnecessary for the cathode to be a linear filament; .It' is'also possible to use a wound filament,-particular1y 'wheniit is desired to have a cathode of' large. area. In that 'case, account must be takenof'thediameter .of the cathode in dimensioningthe system.
  • a cathode for emitting electrons, an electrode connected to said ;cathode and; extending substantially radially therefrom, anelectron collector spaced from said cathode, ananode having a cylindrical portion partially surrounding said cathode with the latter positioned at the axis of revolution of said cylindrical portion so that the electric field surrounding said cathode is substantially radial,
  • said anode having a substantially rectilinear extension extending adjacent said electrode, and means producing a magnetic field extending parallel to the axis'of revolution of said anode cylindrical portion for causing electrons leaving said cathode to flow in a stream between said anode extension and said electrode toward said collector.
  • An electron tube structure comprising a cathode, a substantially .cylindricalanode substantially surrounding said cathode and-positioned with the latter at its axis 'of revolution for urging electronsradially therefrom in substantially all directions, said anode serving to produce a dense electric field adjacent the'cathode whereby the magnitude ofthe space charge is maintained low and the cathode current is relatively substantial, an electron collector; and an electrode connected'with and extending substantially radially from said cathode and maintained at cathode potential, said anode having an extension located adjacent to but spaced from said electrode for confining the electrons between the extension and said electrode.
  • Electron tubestructure comprising a cathode, an electrode extending radially from said cathode, a substantiallycylindrical hollow anode surrounding said cathode and extending into the proximity of said electrode, said cathode being positioned along the axis of revolution of said anode whereby electrons are caused to diverge from said cathode, in substantially'all directions, an electron collector spaced from said cathode, a retardation line located between said cathode and said electron collector adjacent the flight path of electrons moving toward said collector, said electrode also extending between said cathode and said collector adjacent the flight path of the electrons, said electrode being maintained at substantially cathode potential while said retardationlineis maintained at substantially anode potential, means for establishing a magnetic field transversely of the flight path of said electrons,
  • a cathode a cylindrical anode substantially surrounding said cathode with the latter positioned along the anode axis of revolution for producing a substantially uniform radial electric field around said cathode, said anode having an opening therein, and an electrode extending from said cathode through the opening in said anode, said anode being provided with an extension a flattened surface somewhat spaced from and opposed to one surface of said electrode for cooperating with said electrode to guide electrons therebetween.
  • An electron tube structure comprising a cathode, an anode having a cylindrical portion substantially surrounding said cathode with the latter positioned along the axis of revolution of said anode cylindrical portion for producing a substantially uniform radial electric field around said cathode, said anode having an opening therein, an electrode extending from the region of said cathode through the opening in said anode, an electron collector, a retardation line located between said cathode and said electron collector adjacent the flight path of electrons moving from said cathode to said collector, said retardation line having one end adjacent to the opening in said anode, said tube structure having a magnetic field extending substantially transversely of the flight path of electrons and means for providing an additional electric field substantially perpendicular to the axis of said retardation line and coextensive therewith.
  • said electric field providing means comprises an extension of said electrode and a source of potential connected between said electrode and said retardation line.
  • said electric field providing means comprises an auxiliary electrode and a source of potential connected between said auxiliary electrode and said retardation line, and wherein the electrode which 6 extends from said cathode is maintained at a potential intermediate the potential of said auxiliary electrode and the potential of said retardation line.

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US120717A 1948-10-18 1949-10-11 Electron optical system for cathodes of electron beam tubes Expired - Lifetime US2607904A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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FR855285X 1948-10-18

Publications (1)

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US2607904A true US2607904A (en) 1952-08-19

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US120717A Expired - Lifetime US2607904A (en) 1948-10-18 1949-10-11 Electron optical system for cathodes of electron beam tubes

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US (1) US2607904A (de)
CH (1) CH285600A (de)
DE (1) DE855285C (de)
FR (1) FR976786A (de)
GB (1) GB683474A (de)

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2694783A (en) * 1949-03-21 1954-11-16 Csf Electron gun for traveling-wave tubes with a transverse magnetic field
US2695929A (en) * 1951-03-29 1954-11-30 Csf Traveling wave tube having transverse magnetic and electrostatic fields
US2701322A (en) * 1949-02-12 1955-02-01 Csf Traveling-wave amplifying tube of the transverse magnetic field type
US2745983A (en) * 1949-06-10 1956-05-15 Csf Traveling wave tube
US2757311A (en) * 1949-06-02 1956-07-31 Csf Double beam progressive wave tube
US2761088A (en) * 1949-02-22 1956-08-28 Csf Travelling-wave amplifying tube
US2770754A (en) * 1950-01-20 1956-11-13 Csf Transverse field travelling wave tube
US2774913A (en) * 1951-05-31 1956-12-18 Csf Electron discharge tube with crossed electric and magnetic fields
US2791717A (en) * 1950-03-13 1957-05-07 Csf Travelling wave tube with crossed electric and magnetic fields and transversely directed beam
US2794936A (en) * 1952-12-24 1957-06-04 Csf Space-charge wave tubes
US2804569A (en) * 1952-12-24 1957-08-27 Csf Space-charge wave detector tubes
US2807739A (en) * 1950-08-12 1957-09-24 Csf Devices of focusing of electronic beams
US2812473A (en) * 1953-02-26 1957-11-05 Csf Traveling wave tubes of circular structure
US2820923A (en) * 1952-07-25 1958-01-21 Gen Electric Magnetron
US2844797A (en) * 1953-10-23 1958-07-22 Raytheon Mfg Co Traveling wave electron discharge devices
US2849650A (en) * 1955-06-10 1958-08-26 Bell Telephone Labor Inc High frequency apparatus
US2879437A (en) * 1954-05-29 1959-03-24 Csf Delay lines for high power discharge tubes
US2888609A (en) * 1953-09-24 1959-05-26 Raytheon Mfg Co Electronic devices
US2888610A (en) * 1953-12-16 1959-05-26 Raytheon Mfg Co Traveling wave tubes
US2992354A (en) * 1954-03-04 1961-07-11 Csf Travelling wave tubes
US3027483A (en) * 1953-05-27 1962-03-27 Raytheon Co Electron discharge devices
US3084279A (en) * 1960-02-10 1963-04-02 Raytheon Co Travelling wave devices

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1955011A (en) * 1932-01-21 1934-04-17 M O Valve Co Ltd Electric short wave thermionic valve generator
US2414121A (en) * 1941-01-17 1947-01-14 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron device of the magnetron type
US2475646A (en) * 1945-02-22 1949-07-12 Raytheon Mfg Co Electron discharge device of the magnetron type
US2511407A (en) * 1947-01-09 1950-06-13 Csf Amplifying valve of the progressive wave type
US2531972A (en) * 1949-02-12 1950-11-28 Csf Ultra short wave transmitting tube

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1955011A (en) * 1932-01-21 1934-04-17 M O Valve Co Ltd Electric short wave thermionic valve generator
US2414121A (en) * 1941-01-17 1947-01-14 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron device of the magnetron type
US2475646A (en) * 1945-02-22 1949-07-12 Raytheon Mfg Co Electron discharge device of the magnetron type
US2511407A (en) * 1947-01-09 1950-06-13 Csf Amplifying valve of the progressive wave type
US2531972A (en) * 1949-02-12 1950-11-28 Csf Ultra short wave transmitting tube

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2701322A (en) * 1949-02-12 1955-02-01 Csf Traveling-wave amplifying tube of the transverse magnetic field type
US2761088A (en) * 1949-02-22 1956-08-28 Csf Travelling-wave amplifying tube
US2694783A (en) * 1949-03-21 1954-11-16 Csf Electron gun for traveling-wave tubes with a transverse magnetic field
US2757311A (en) * 1949-06-02 1956-07-31 Csf Double beam progressive wave tube
US2745983A (en) * 1949-06-10 1956-05-15 Csf Traveling wave tube
US2770754A (en) * 1950-01-20 1956-11-13 Csf Transverse field travelling wave tube
US2791717A (en) * 1950-03-13 1957-05-07 Csf Travelling wave tube with crossed electric and magnetic fields and transversely directed beam
US2807739A (en) * 1950-08-12 1957-09-24 Csf Devices of focusing of electronic beams
US2695929A (en) * 1951-03-29 1954-11-30 Csf Traveling wave tube having transverse magnetic and electrostatic fields
US2774913A (en) * 1951-05-31 1956-12-18 Csf Electron discharge tube with crossed electric and magnetic fields
US2820923A (en) * 1952-07-25 1958-01-21 Gen Electric Magnetron
US2804569A (en) * 1952-12-24 1957-08-27 Csf Space-charge wave detector tubes
US2794936A (en) * 1952-12-24 1957-06-04 Csf Space-charge wave tubes
US2812473A (en) * 1953-02-26 1957-11-05 Csf Traveling wave tubes of circular structure
US3027483A (en) * 1953-05-27 1962-03-27 Raytheon Co Electron discharge devices
US2888609A (en) * 1953-09-24 1959-05-26 Raytheon Mfg Co Electronic devices
US2844797A (en) * 1953-10-23 1958-07-22 Raytheon Mfg Co Traveling wave electron discharge devices
US2888610A (en) * 1953-12-16 1959-05-26 Raytheon Mfg Co Traveling wave tubes
US2992354A (en) * 1954-03-04 1961-07-11 Csf Travelling wave tubes
US2879437A (en) * 1954-05-29 1959-03-24 Csf Delay lines for high power discharge tubes
US2849650A (en) * 1955-06-10 1958-08-26 Bell Telephone Labor Inc High frequency apparatus
US3084279A (en) * 1960-02-10 1963-04-02 Raytheon Co Travelling wave devices

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR976786A (fr) 1951-03-22
CH285600A (fr) 1952-09-15
DE855285C (de) 1952-11-10
GB683474A (en) 1952-11-26

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