US2607280A

US2607280A - Ventilator

Info

Publication number: US2607280A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1952-08-19
Anticipated expiration: 1969-08-19

Description

Aug. 19, 1952 I PURDY 2,607,280

VENTILATOR' Filed May 1, i946 INVEN TOR.

ATTORNEY.

Patented Aug. 19, 1952 A i I 'jaaacomsc v 1 -vEN'rILAtronfl Rolland 'MfiPurdy; Bainbridge'N Y.; assi g BendixiAviation'ICorporation,N

acorporafidmbflnclaware V k V lA p'lilicatioiiMay. 1, 1945;S1eria1iibibhi59 This invention relates to a'ventilator. 'The'in- 'vention is adapted to'm'anyuses; but will be describedin particular relation :to a small ventilator of thetype employed: to exhaust small electrical .machinery, it being understood that this particu-- lar description isnot limitativebut is for'purposes of illustration only.

Two general'types of ventilator are-described in the prior art. The earlier of these types" has a discharge pipe connecting the space that is to be ventilated to a swinging head controlled by a wind vane that turns the backof the ventilator to the wind which'draws' the air from within the ventilator pipe in" passing. That' type of venti- "latorh'as' recognized faults; among which are'its' tendencies under certain conditions to admit. rainwater and to provide down drafts.

In order to' overcome" the. objections .to ventilators 'of the. swinging head type, it has been proposed to use fixed ventilatorsihaving amaze of baffles. intended to permit unidirectional, .1 outward flow of air-only. For some'uses, thefixed type of ventilatoris superior 'totheiswinging head i type, but the fixed .typeha's'its'faultS alsoqThe draft is not: alwa-ys.good,"'straycurrents appear to wander between theinnerandthe'outer chambers and to lower the 'efliciency ofthe deviceiand theexclusion of rain orother liquidsis notalways accomplished when the: device is cemployed' in exposed positions;

It is an object of.this inventionto provide a stationary ventilator" with improved draft and decreased back draft p p I Another object .of the: inventionfisptq provide j a ventilator of improved design and construction which can be made, 'byiin ethods o'fferingthe greatest manufacturing. advantages; in shapes adapted to produce "theimost eiiicient'results.

'Another object. of the "inventionis toaccom- *plish the objects of the inventionyby.atventilator I having-at leastthree.concentricslotted chambers,

the slots ofwhich' are other. 7

Another object 'offthe invention. is; to einploy the principles'of the Venturitube in a'fixedve'ntioffsetwith respect to each lator to increase'the draft thereof.

' the following detailed descriptionwhenthe same is .read in' connection 'with the,.ac'companying drawings. 'Itis'to'be understoodghowever, that thedrawings are forthe purposeofillustration onlygarid are hniixihtended asai'defifiition of the liimits-of"flahe inveritionkfreferencef -for -thislatter "purpose being had p'rima'rily t heappended *claims. 1 J

'*-plary 'venti-lator substafitiallyion th "line I- -l' of l-"Eig?2; 1

Fig. 2 is a crossrsectionsubst "'2-2ofFig:, 1; V

E'Fig? 3 is;an elevationaliview 'f' agvehtilatoi head c'onstrnctedriniaccordanoefwi the' principl'es-of ly' on'therline three tcapsor shellsthat are adapted to""- fit the head'of'Figfi-mnd. I

-section-through a Fig. 7 "is" a vertic'al' cross modifiedform ofthe invention.

""In' thepr'eferred Torinof the' inventiomwhich isidisclosed' inFigs; 1 to '6",}.the'-numeralfl 0: indic 'cates in general" a" ventilator head which; has a screw threaded shank-1 l and n a'nnu-lar 'flange I2 upon whichare j-iornie ie 'of annular steps I3, l t-15,16; rii hehead ter- 'minatesshortbfthe connected'with "the discharge openings i8; which are shown' in this modificationto'b io ur in umber; normal to the bore and tothe openings ther side. The 'topofthe-head'is'prqvidedywr *"a shoulder l9 and'astud 20which*cqoperate tli-the annular steps to seat the caps jthat rem-"the chambers and produce median. p i The inner chamber-wliibh 'is{designe dto receive' the discharge rromithebpemngs' 8 is formed by' the cap 2 l'-' which has centifalopeningthat fits the stud 20", asshown 1n- Fig. and; is provided inits side With-'S 10t's' -22 that permi't 'its gas con- 40 tent to' be drawn into th cap 23. The walls ofthe v vflsuclilength and diameter thatthey; re' p0 the step l5 and snugly fit the "anniilar-side' of" the step" I 6 when the cap is seated upon theshoulder 19. "The intermediate cap 23*; iiimensidriallyjlarger but is similarjtof the c A Xcept, that its" slits are provided with- Vou urn "extend'throu'ghoutth movin eas stpast'the' vantage because. it redp. W p, thedischarge openingscause'd by vagrant gas ber formed by currents, and produces an improved and a steadier draft. The cap 23 preferably has a snug fit to the top of cap 2|, the exterior of step'i5, and the top of step l4. In order'to complete the device and to produce therewithin a maximum draft, there is provided an outercap 25 which seats upon the ledge l3 and snugly against'the annular faceof ledge [4. When the three caps are in concentric position as shown in Fig. 1, the stud 20 may be headed to provide a permanent uniting of the parts.

The outer shell has opening thereabout, a

least one of which is bound to receive air or other gas currents from whatever side the air blows, others of which serve as discharge ports for such currents and for the gas exhausted through the ventilator head. The currents of gas are shown, in Fig. 2, to be coming from the direction which, on a compass rose, would be northwest. They enter directly into that slot of the cap and are diverted as shown by the arrows toward the adjacent flanges in the intermediate cap 23. The flanges extend toward the outer wall of the ventilator, reduce the area of the passage which the gases follow, and produce a Venturi-efiectof increased velocity and decreased pressure past the openings, thereby acting with increased efiect to exhaust the air from within the next inner chamber. The exhausting and exhausted gases escape through the next openings in the outer wall, as shown by the arrows.

The step. construction of the flange I2 is of great advantage in preventing. the access of moisture to the interior of the ventilator and in maintaining drainage. However, the step construction need not necessarily be employed.

The caps may be most simply made from flat blanks of suitable metal such as aluminum; a satisfactory method includes stamping out and bending to the required shape. The stamping of the intermediate cap shown in Fig. is preferably so executed as to produce in one'operation the flanges 24. The area of the openings in the succes sive caps preferably increases outwardly, to'p roduce the greatest draft. possible within the limiting sizeof the unit.

It is not necessary to permanently connect the caps to the head but they may be temporarily connected thereto asshown in Fig. 7. In that figure, the ventilator head30 has a flange 35 with i only two steps SI, 32. p The outer cap 33. is provided with slits 34 and encircles the flange 35,

preferably resting snugly thereagainst during operation. A cylindrical member 35 having an annular flange 31 is emplaced within the member 33 with the flange bearing against the inner surface thereofr Within the'member 36 is another cylindricalmember 38 having slits 39 and an annular flange 40 which rests upon the step 3!. The ventilator is assembled-by meansof a screw 42 which-is threaded into the upper portion .43. of the head 3 0. A washer and lock'washer are shown between the cap 33 and' the head of thescrew. w

In Figs. 1 to 6 there are four openings or slits, such as at 22, in each cap and four openings I 8 in the head l0. The openings 22 in the inner cap are offset 45 from the discharge openings I 8, the

openings in the intermediate cap '23 are. offset 45 from those of thezinner cap; andthe openings .of the outer cap are'ofiset 45,from' those of the intermediate cap. This arrangement-is automatically assured by small studs 50, '5 i, 52 mountinexpensive to construct, easy to assemble and dismantle, and pleasing in appearance. They may be made in sizes far smaller than that illustrated in the drawings and in very large sizes, and exhibit superior efiiciency in each size. They are practically waterproof and are practically proof against back drafts even under the most adverse conditions.

Although only two embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described in the accompanying drawings and specification.

it is to be expressly understood that the invention is not limited to saidembodiments. Various changes may be made therein, particularly in the design and arrangement of the parts illustrated, and in the material used, without departing from the spirit andscope of the invention, as will now be apparentto those skilled in the art. For a definition of the limits of the invention, reference is had primarily to the appended claims.

What is claimed is:.

l. A ventilator comprising an air discharge head having a bore, a discharge opening normal thereto, an axially arranged stud and a flange with a series of annular steps, three concentric cylindrical caps aligned by the stud and conforming to the steps, slots dividing. said caps into sections, cooperable means on the head and caps to position thesame and'circumferentially ofiset the slots in the intermediate cap from those in the other caps, and out-turned flanges along the slot edges of the intermediate cap.

2. A ventilator comprising an air discharge head having a bore, discharge openings normal thereto, a stud at the end thereof and a flange with a series of annular steps, three concentric cylindrical caps conforming'to the steps and aligned by the stud, slots dividing said caps into quadrants, means on the flange to position the slots in adjacent caps at to each other, and

out-turned flanges along the slot edges of the intermediate cap.

3. A ventilator comprising a central discharge head having an axial bore'terminating intermediate its ends and port means connecting the inner end of the bore and the external surface of the head, an external flange on said head, means comprising a plurality of cylinders seated against said flange around said port means and forming the walls of a plurality of concentric annular chambers around a portion of said head, said port means being spaced from both ends ofthe innermost chamber and eachof said walls being axially slotted to connect adjacent chambers to each other, the slots in each wall being circumferentially offset with respect to the slots in adjacent walls, flange means on each of said cylinders forming the end walls of said chambers opposite said head flange, means connected with said head and extendingcentrally through andoperatively engagingpsaid flange means for securing said head and chamber forming means in fixed relation to each other, and. outwardly curved flanges ,along necting said bore and the external surface of the head, means comprising a plurality of concentric cylinders surrounding said port means and forming the walls of a plurality of concentric annular chambers around a portion of said head, said port means being spaced from both ends of the innermost chamber and each of said walls being axially slotted to connect adjacent chambers to each other, external flange means on said head forming an end wall of said chambers, internal flange means on at least one of said cylinders forming the other end Wall of said chambers, and means connected with said head for securing said internal flange means to the head.

5. A ventilator comprising a central discharge head having a bore and discharge port means connecting said bore with the external atmosphere, external flange means on said head, means seated against saidflange means around said port means and forming a plurality of concentric annular chambers around a portion of said head, said last-namectmeans including radially spaced concentric side walls and internal flange means on at least one of said side walls forming the ends of said chambers opposite said external flange means, and means extending centrally through said internal flange means for securing said internal flange means to said head, said port means being spaced from said external flange means and said side walls having axially extending slots for connecting adjacent chambers.

6. A ventilator comprising a central discharge head having an axial bore and radially extending port means connecting said bore and the external surface of the head, means surrounding said port means and forming a plurality of concentric annular chambers around a portion of said head, said means comprising a plurality of concentric cylinders forming the side walls of said cham- 4 bers, and external flange means on said head and internal flange means on at least one of said cylinders forming the end walls of said chambers, said port means being spaced from said external flange means, and means extending centrally through and connecting said internal flange means to said head, said side walls having circumferentially spaced slots therein for connecting said chambers, the slots in adjacent walls being circumferentially offset with respect to each other.

7. A ventilator as defined in claim 6 wherein outwardly curved flanges are provided along the edges of the slots in at least one of the intermediate side Walls.

8. A ventilator as defined in claim 6 wherein the surface of said external flange means forming the end walls of said chambers has a general contour which is inclined to the longitudinal axis of said bore. V

9. A ventilator as defined in claim 8 wherein said head flange surface is stepped, the steps serving as pilots for said chamber forming means.

- ROLLAND M PURDY.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS