US2606234A - Electrical counting system - Google Patents

Electrical counting system Download PDF

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Publication number
US2606234A
US2606234A US40308A US4030848A US2606234A US 2606234 A US2606234 A US 2606234A US 40308 A US40308 A US 40308A US 4030848 A US4030848 A US 4030848A US 2606234 A US2606234 A US 2606234A
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Prior art keywords
relay
impulse
contact
capacitor
winding
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US40308A
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English (en)
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Nijman Zytse Claas
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Nederlanden Staat
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Nederlanden Staat
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q1/00—Details of selecting apparatus or arrangements
    • H04Q1/18—Electrical details
    • H04Q1/30—Signalling arrangements; Manipulation of signalling currents
    • H04Q1/32—Signalling arrangements; Manipulation of signalling currents using trains of DC pulses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/28—Modifications for introducing a time delay before switching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q3/00—Selecting arrangements

Definitions

  • the invention herein disclosed provides a halving or counting element consisting of only one relay and one capacitor.
  • a counting system equipped with halving elements according to the present invention has two advantages over halving elements with two relays.
  • the first advantage iS that it requires fewer relays, and the second advantage is that it occupies less space.
  • the exemplary embodiment which I have illustrated in the accompanying drawing shows a system with three halving or counting elements, each consisting of only one relay and one capacitor, by which it is possible to record a number of, at most, seven impulses. It is to be understood that this number of halving elements illustrated in the drawings has been chosen arbitrarily merely for illustrative purposes, because the invention is not restricted to any certain number of halving elements. In certain respects, every halving or counting arrangement in which use is made of a relay with a capacitor, can be considered as coming within the purview of the present invention.
  • Figure 1 shows one embodiment of the invention employing three halving elements A, B and C;
  • Figure 2 is an operation diagram showing the time sequence of operation of the three halving elements with respect to the incoming impulses
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a modied embodiment of the invention wherein the relay of each counting unit has only one winding
  • Figure 4 illustrates another embodiment of the invention in which the relay of each counting unit has two windings, but wherein the release of the armatures of that relay is effected only by counter-magnetizing.
  • the three relays A, B and C are each fast relays having two opposed windings I and 2. These two windings establish a differential operation in each relay, except that when, in the typical operation of the system, the winding l is energized in advance of the winding 2, the subsequent energization of winding 2 does not wholly neutralize the magnetic field created by winding l, so that the relay nevertheless remains operated at such stage of the operation, even though both windings are energized.
  • the three relays A, B- and C are respectively provided with make contacts al, bl and cl, and are also provided with two sets of break and make contacts a2, b2, c2 and a3, b3, c3.
  • these successive relays of the counting chain may be provided with individual recording or registering contacts a4, b4, c4, etc. for controlling responsive apparatus or circuits.
  • the input impulses which are to be counted or halved in the relay chain are received over an input circuit which energizes an input winding I. Responding to this input winding is a break and make contact i.
  • the contact i functions as the impulse contact for the relay A. It will be understood that the impulse contact i can -be actuated in any suitable manner by the impulses which are to act on the counting chain. For example, this impulse contact i might be operated electrically, mechanically or even manually.
  • This impulse contact i controls the charging of condenser Ta, the discharge of which is arranged to energize relay A.
  • break and make contact a3 functions as an impulse contact for relay B, this contact a3 controlling the charging of condenser Tb, the discharge of which is operative to energize relay B.
  • break and make contact b3 functions as an impulse contact for relay C, this contact controlling the charging of condenser Tc, the discharge of which is adapted to energize relay C.
  • break and make contacts a3, b3, c3, etc. are, structurally, a part of their respective relays A, B, C, etc., nevertheless these breakmake contacts functionally are a part of the next succeeding halving or counting unit.
  • the contact a3 is the impulse contact for halving element H2; the contact b3 is the impulse contact for halving element H3, etc.
  • the relays and capacitors may be energized by any suitable battery or other source of direct current potential.
  • the conductor 6 represents a bus connected to a battery potential, such as negative battery,
  • These capacithe capacitors Ta, Tb, Tc, etc. tors may be of the electrolytic type, or of any other preferred type.
  • the back contacts of thesev break-make impulse contacts i, a3, b3, etc. are connected through conductors 8a, tb,V 8crespectively, with the inner ends of the two opposed windings I and 2 of relays A, B and C.
  • the front contacts of these break-makeimpulse contacts i, a3, b3, etc. are connected through conductors Sa, 9b, 9c, respectively, withthe movable contacts of the break-make contacts. a2', b2, c2, etc.
  • the impulse contact i establishes a chargingV circuit for capacitor Td from batteryy bus 6 over conductor Ta, impulse contact z', conductor 9a, and back contact a2 'to ground. Accordinglycapacitor Ta is immediately charged. At the end or" this iirst impulse passing through impulse winding I, the contact z moves back into engagement with its back contact, whereupon the capacitor Ta, ⁇ immediately discharges over this back contact, through conductor 8a, winding I or" relay A, and conductor I2a baci;v to the other side of the capacitor.
  • relay winding I pulls up the three relay armatures aI, a2, a3 and a4.
  • the operation or relay armature aI connects the lower end oi winding 2 to ground lthrough conductor i3d.
  • the resulting energization of winding 2 establishes a magnetic field which opposes that of winding I,Y but which does not wholly neutralize the held of winding I, so that the relay nevertheless remains operated.
  • This beginning of the second impulse passingA i through impulse winding I pulls up the impulse contact i, which establishes a short or shunting circuit across capacitor Ta of the first counting unit HI from one side of this capacitor over conductor 1a, front contact i, conductor 9a, front contact a2 and conductor IIa to the other side of, the capacitor Ta.
  • Thisshunty circuit insures an adequate discharge of. the capacitor.
  • the establishment of this short circuit across capacitor Ta at the beginning of the second impulse does not interrupt the series circuit through the two windings I and 2 of relay A down through contact aI. When this second impulse acting on impulse winding I terminates and the impulse contact.
  • the break-makel contact a3 'of relay A functions as the impulse contact of the relay B of halving unit H2, and when this contact was pulled up by the energization of relay A it established a charging circuit ior capacitor Tb through the front contact a3, conductor Sib and back contact b2 to ground. Hence, capacitor Tb now stands charged. Accordingly, when this impulse con-- tact a3 drops down into engagement with itsv back contact at the termination of the second impulse acting upon winding I, the charged capacitor Tb immediately discharges through winding I of relay B over the circuit Ib, Bband I2b.
  • relay Winding BI pulls up the four relay armatures bI, b2, b3 and b4;
  • relay Bv of halving ⁇ unit H2 the same operation occurs in relay Bv of halving ⁇ unit H2, as was described above in connection with relay A of halving unitv HI. That is to say, the closing of contact bll establishes a circuit through the opposingv relay winding B2, but this energization of the opposing winding does not wholly neutralize the relay so that the relay remains operated.
  • the move-l ment or" impulse contact b3 into engagement with its front contact establishes a charging circuit for the third capacitor Tc in the same manner described above in connection with the capacitor Tb.
  • relay B is not energized until relay A is (ie-energized. It will also be seen that it required two complete up and down movements of the impulse contact i, corresponding to two complete impulses, to bring about the de-energization of relay A, and that it was only upon this deenergization of relay A that relay B was energized. Similarly, it required two complete up and down movements of impulse contact a3 toeilect the release of relay B, from which it will be seen that it required four complete up and down movements of impulse contact i, corresponding to four complete impulses, to effect the release of relay B.
  • the saine chain of events is transmitted on torelay C, so as to cause this third halving unit H3 to perform another halving I operation.
  • the break-make contact b3 responding to relay B functions as an impulse contact for relay C in the same manner that break-make contact a3 functioned as an impulse contact for relay B.
  • the same halving function is performed by halving unit H3, and the same is also true of any successive halving units which may be appended beyond unit H3.
  • Figure 2 is a time or sequence chart wherein the vertical lines represent the times during which the relays A, B and C are operated in relation to the successive impulses acting upon'or registered by contact i, the very slight delays being negligible. From the foregoing, it will be seen that relay B is operated whenever relay A releases its armatures for the rst time, and that relay B releases its armatures when relay A releases its armatures for the second time, etc. The release of the armatures of relay B operate relay C.
  • the three relays simultaneously become non-operative or non-energized, so that the normal position of the system is restored at this time ⁇ It will be evident that as many as iifteen impulses can be recorded in the code when four halving units are used, the sixteenth impulse causing the simultaneous release of the armatures of all the relays. In most instances the capacitors Ta, Tb, Tc, etc. will be charged and discharged through a series resistance in order to avoid excessive charging. and discharging current.
  • Figure 3 illustrates another embodiment of the invention in which the relay of each halving unit has only one winding, and the release of the armatures of that relay is eifected solely by short circuiting of that winding.
  • a resistance w has been inserted in the circuit in lieu of the second winding to delay the charging of the capacitors Ta, Tb, Tc, etc.
  • Figure 4 illustrates another embodiment of the invention in which the relay of each having unit has two windings, AI and A2, but with the second winding A2 so connected in the circuit that the release of the relay armatures is only brought about by counter-magnetizing.
  • each counting unit comprising a capacitor, a charging circuit and a discharging circuit for said capacitor, switching means and a relay including contacts connected in said charging circuit and in said discharge circuit for controlling same in its operation, said switching means in each counting unit being operated responsive to the receipt of a rst impulse to connect its associated capacitor to said charging circuit to cause same to receive energy and to thereafter convey said energy to its associated relay to operate same, a relay restoring circuit,
  • said switching means being operative responsive to receipt of a second impulse to connect said capacitor to said discharge circuit to remove said charge and to thereafter connect said relay restoring circuit including said discharged capacitor to said relay to effect the restoration thereof, said switching means of the nrst unit being connected to said incoming connection to be controlled by the impulses appearing thereon, and said switching means of each succeeding unit in the chain being connected to be controlled by impulses from the relay in the chain unit preceding itself, whereby the impulse output of each unit in the sequence is one-half the impulse output of the previous unit in the sequence.
  • potential supply means for connecting energizing potential to said system, an incoming circuit over which the impulses to be halved are received, a two-position recording relay normally stable in at least one of said positions, a capacitor,
  • a charging and discharging circuit therefor said relay being connected to energize with connection thereto of said capacitor as charged, and to release with connection of said capacitor as discharged, a rst set of contact means operated Abetween two positions by said relay to alternatively prepare said charging and said discharging circuits for said capacitor, a second set of contact means on said relay operated by said relay in its movement to the other of its positions to complete a self-holding circuit for maintaining said relay stable thereat pending connection of said capacitor as discharged thereto, and impulse responsive means operated between two positions responsive to receipt of each impulse over said incoming circuit, said impulse responsive means being operative in one position to connect said capacitor to said rst set of contact means to complete the prepared one of said charge and discharge circuits, and in its second position to connect said capacitor to said recording relay to eiTect the operation thereof in accordance with the condition of the capacitor as connected thereto, an outgoing circuit, and impulsing means in said outgoing circuit controlled by said relay in its operation between said two positions.
  • said recording relay is a two-winding relay and in which said contact means are operated with movement of the relay to its second position to complete-a self-holding circuit including the first and second winding of said relays in series with said source of potential, and in which the-connection of said capacitor to said relay by said impulse responsive means is made at a point in said series circuit which is intermediate said iirst yand second windings.
  • said relay is a single winding relay and which includes a resistor unit, said second contact means being operated with movement of said relay in its second position to complete ⁇ a self-holding circuit for said relay in series with said resistor and said .single winding, and in which the connection of said capacitor to said relay by said impulse responsive means is made at a point intermediate said relay and said resistor.
  • said recording relay' is a two-winding relay and in which said second contact means are operated with movement of the relay to said second position to connect the first winding of said relay to said source of potential to complete a self-holding circuit for said relay, and in which connection of sa-id capacitor to said relay by said impulse responsive means is ⁇ made to said second winding ata point preceding the point of connection of said second winding with said rst winding.
  • an impulsing recording system for halving impulses, supply means for connecting positive andnegative potential to said system, an incoming 'circuit over which impulses tobe halved are received, -a chain of recording units, impulse means connected to said incoming connection operated responsive to said incoming impulses operative to repeat said incoming impulses to the first unit of said chain, each of said units having a two-position stable recording relay and associated contact means which are operative between two given positions, a capacitor, a charge anda discharge circuit therefor, said relay being connected to said source to move its contacts to one of said positions with connection thereto of said capacitor as charged and to move its contacts to the other of said positions with connection thereto of saidcapacitor as discharged, said contacts for each of said recording relays comprising aiirst set of contact means operated bysaid relay ⁇ in its movement between said two positions to alternatively prepare said charging anda discharging circuit for said capacitor and a second set of impulse contacts Y operated between two positions with movement of said relay between its two positions for controlling the
  • an impulse recording system for halving a series of impulses received over an incoming connection, supply means for connecting said system to a source of potential, a two-position stable switching means being normally disposed in one of its positions, a capacitor, a charging circuit and a discharge circuit for said capacitor, contact means operated by said switching means connected in said charging circuit and said discharging circuit to operatively control same with the operation of said switching means, impulse responsive means operated responsive to receipt of the first one of said incoming impulses to connect said capacitor to said charging circuit to effect the imposition of a charge of a predetermined potential thereon and to connect said capacitor thus charged to said switching means to operate same to its second stable position, and a control circuit including said capacitor as discharged ⁇ for eifecting movement of said switching means from said second given position to said first normal position, said impulse responsive means being operative responsive to receipt of asecond incoming pulse to complete said discharge circuit for said capacitor and to thereafter complete said latter control circuit including said discharge capacitor to effect operation of said switching means to said first position, an outgoing circuit, and

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US40308A 1947-07-23 1948-07-23 Electrical counting system Expired - Lifetime US2606234A (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2758201A (en) * 1952-08-29 1956-08-07 Westinghouse Air Brake Co Apparatus for coded signaling systems
US2830236A (en) * 1949-10-24 1958-04-08 Marchant Calculators Inc Binary relay
US2831561A (en) * 1954-04-28 1958-04-22 Burroughs Corp Selective control for sheet feeding apparatus
US2914749A (en) * 1956-09-18 1959-11-24 Gen Railway Signal Co Relay shift register
US3121827A (en) * 1961-10-26 1964-02-18 Ibm Reed relay trigger circuit
US3377517A (en) * 1964-02-13 1968-04-09 Elliott & Evans Inc Relay computer circuits

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1535360A (en) * 1923-06-29 1925-04-28 Henry F Vickery Electric house or lighting circuit
CH177105A (de) * 1933-10-14 1935-05-15 Signum Ag Schalteinrichtung mit einem Relais, das in der Arbeitsstellung die Umsteuerung eines weiteren Organes der Schalteinrichtung vorbereitet.
US2086913A (en) * 1931-03-14 1937-07-13 Engineering & Res Corp Transmitting apparatus
US2168198A (en) * 1937-12-17 1939-08-01 Frederick W Frink Electrical counting system
US2255816A (en) * 1938-05-16 1941-09-16 Fides Gmbh Impulse repeating arrangement
US2277579A (en) * 1940-03-05 1942-03-24 Walter H Burger Electronic counting device
GB557852A (en) * 1942-06-04 1943-12-08 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Improvements relating to devices for periodically opening and closing an electric circuit and selective apparatus employing such devices

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1535360A (en) * 1923-06-29 1925-04-28 Henry F Vickery Electric house or lighting circuit
US2086913A (en) * 1931-03-14 1937-07-13 Engineering & Res Corp Transmitting apparatus
CH177105A (de) * 1933-10-14 1935-05-15 Signum Ag Schalteinrichtung mit einem Relais, das in der Arbeitsstellung die Umsteuerung eines weiteren Organes der Schalteinrichtung vorbereitet.
US2168198A (en) * 1937-12-17 1939-08-01 Frederick W Frink Electrical counting system
US2255816A (en) * 1938-05-16 1941-09-16 Fides Gmbh Impulse repeating arrangement
US2277579A (en) * 1940-03-05 1942-03-24 Walter H Burger Electronic counting device
GB557852A (en) * 1942-06-04 1943-12-08 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Improvements relating to devices for periodically opening and closing an electric circuit and selective apparatus employing such devices

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2830236A (en) * 1949-10-24 1958-04-08 Marchant Calculators Inc Binary relay
US2758201A (en) * 1952-08-29 1956-08-07 Westinghouse Air Brake Co Apparatus for coded signaling systems
US2831561A (en) * 1954-04-28 1958-04-22 Burroughs Corp Selective control for sheet feeding apparatus
US2914749A (en) * 1956-09-18 1959-11-24 Gen Railway Signal Co Relay shift register
US3121827A (en) * 1961-10-26 1964-02-18 Ibm Reed relay trigger circuit
US3377517A (en) * 1964-02-13 1968-04-09 Elliott & Evans Inc Relay computer circuits

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