US2603175A - Method and means for making wrought fittings - Google Patents

Method and means for making wrought fittings Download PDF

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Publication number
US2603175A
US2603175A US770293A US77029347A US2603175A US 2603175 A US2603175 A US 2603175A US 770293 A US770293 A US 770293A US 77029347 A US77029347 A US 77029347A US 2603175 A US2603175 A US 2603175A
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blank
plungers
filler material
volume
rams
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US770293A
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English (en)
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Paul D Wurzburger
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Priority to US292783A priority patent/US2827007A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/033—Deforming tubular bodies
    • B21D26/037—Forming branched tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, rods, wire, tubes, profiles or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, rods, wire, tubes, profiles or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
    • B21C37/15—Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
    • B21C37/28—Making tube fittings for connecting pipes, e.g. U-pieces
    • B21C37/29—Making branched pieces, e.g. T-pieces
    • B21C37/294—Forming collars by compressing a fluid or a yieldable or resilient mass in the tube
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/033—Deforming tubular bodies
    • B21D26/043—Means for controlling the axial pusher
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49428—Gas and water specific plumbing component making
    • Y10T29/49442—T-shaped fitting making

Definitions

  • Claims. (Cl. 113-44) form the'desired hollow branch fitting.
  • the volume of the resultant fitting is smaller than the volume of the original blank. At least in part this shrinkage in volume is due to the tendency of the metal walls to become thicker.
  • Another proposed solution to the problem suggests the use of a plastic filler material of high viscosity such as lead with a provision for pressure relief by permitting excess material to escape from the blank through a perforation in the wall, such perforation being located where the end of the lateral branch is to be formed.
  • This expedient is disadvantageous in commercial production for the loading of such a perforated blank is inconvenient, and, what is more important, it is very difficult to maintain correct internal fluid pressures when a portion of the filler material can escape outwardly without an opposing pressure to set a lower limit to the internal filler pressure.
  • Another drawback to the. use of a perforated blank is that the perforation tends to tear, especially if the edges are ragged, causing injury to the fitting and complete loss of control over the forming operation.
  • a general object of my invention is to provide methods and means for forming hollow tubular fittings such as T-fittings or the like in which the difficulties of the prior art described above are substantially overcome. It is therefore among the objects of my invention to provide a method for making such fittings out of tubular stock by creating desirable internal filler pressures in the blank throughout the forming operation. More specifically it is an object to provide that the rate of displacement of filler material be kept in harmony with the rate of change in volume of the blank or piece during the working operation as by working the filler at a rate in relation to the rate of working the piece that is proportional to the rate of diminution of volume of the blank from initial to final form.
  • Another object is to provide a filler material of novel and advantageous properties which can be handled, inserted into and removed from the work piece and/or can be precompressed in the work piece and which is readily soluble in water; which has a low melting point so that no problem of amalgamation or cleaning is involved and which has desirable lubricating and viscosity properties.
  • Another object is to provide a body of substantially incompressible plastic filler material having preformedvoid spaces which facilitate a controlled diminution'in filler volume during the forming of the fitting so that a substantially constant and desirably high internal filler pressure can be developed and maintained.
  • Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional partially fragmentary and partially diagrammatic view of a tubular blank and forming apparatus at the beginning of the forming operation according to a preferred form of my invention
  • Figure 2 is a view similar to that of Figure 1 showing the end of the forming operation
  • Figure 3 is a diagrammatic view of an arrangement of the forming apparatus
  • Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 1 of a modified form of my invention with the apparatus showing the beginning of the forming operation
  • Figure 5 is a view corresponding to Figure 4 showing the end of the forming operation
  • Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure 1 of another form of my invention with the apparatus at the beginning of theforming operation
  • Figure '7 is a view corresponding to Figure 6 at the end of the forming operation
  • Figure 8 is a view similar to Figure 1 of another modified form of my invention with the apparatus at the beginning of the forming operation
  • Figure 9 is a
  • Exemplary forms of my invention contemplate forming branch fittings by applying forming pressures directly upon the end of a tubular blank and also applying pressure upon substantially incompressible filler material confined within the blank in relative amounts and rates which produce desirable flow and working of the metal.
  • filler material pressures will remain desirably high but below the bursting strength of the blank adjacent the weakest point thereof.
  • a preliminary pressure be built up in the filler material prior to the exertion of metal flowing pressure upon the ends of the blank so that the filler material will tend to act incompressibly during the working of the blank. Precompression of the filler may also tend to stress at least that portion of the blank adjacent the branch to be formed before or possibly simultaneously with the working of the blank in response to pressure exerted directly upon the ends thereof.
  • tubular blank I preferably in the rightcircular cylindrical form of the metal or alloy to be worked is disposed in the sectional die 2, one half only being shown, which with its companion half not shown provides a suitable T-shaped channel 4 comprising a head portion 5 and a lateral branch or leg portion extending at right angles thereto; the tubular blank I being initially disposed in the head portion 5 of the channel as shown in Figure 1.
  • the die may be divided along any one of several parting lines but I find it advantageous to split it longitudinally and symmetrically as shown, using centering pins 3 to align the separate halves, although the die might be split through the head portion of the channel in a plane normal to the branch 6 substantially along the line 8 as suggested in Figure 3 if that were desired.
  • the tubular blank preferably comprises workable metal such as fairly soft copper. aluminum. mild steel or other metals or alloys which will flow easily and which are extrudable under the influences and conditions to be hereinafter more fully set forth.
  • workable metal such as fairly soft copper. aluminum. mild steel or other metals or alloys which will flow easily and which are extrudable under the influences and conditions to be hereinafter more fully set forth.
  • the efficacy of my invention admits of the use of other desirable metals and materials, the working of which has been regarded as too difficult for practicability.
  • the split halves of the die 2 may be opened and closed to permit the insertion of the blank I in the first instance and the removal of the wrought piece P by suitable opening, closing and clamping mechanisms which are known in the art but which are not specifically shown herein.
  • the wrought piece P is shown in Figure 2 at the completion of the working thereof; the ends of the tubular blank I having been forced toward each other and the branch or leg l0 having been forcibly extruded into the branch channel 6 of the die as a result of the working presently to be more fully described.
  • the practice of my invention includes the employment of filler material ll disposed interiorly in the tubular blank I in the first instance and thereafter forcibly constrained to flow from its original position into the leg portion I0 of the piece as suggested by comparison of Figures 1 and 2.
  • the filler material that I prefer to employ is characterized by its ability to flow or spread under pressure by that degree of fluidity, elasticity or viscosity most suitable for Working different metals or alloys for the practice of the different forms of my invention presently to be described and by the ease with which it may be formed for use with the tubular blank and the ease with which it may be removed from the work piece.
  • filler materials ranging from liquidsto lead, lead alloys, Woods metal, wax and the like in the practice of specific forms of my inventionfor such specific utility-as may be had from such filler materials
  • my preference is to use one or another of the polyethylene g'lycols or mixtures thereof having the characteristics of fluidity, viscosity, strength or weakness that coacts most efliciently in the form of method employed and with the 'material to be worked.
  • the polyethylene glycols of the general formula HOCH2(CHzOCHz)2+xCHzO-H having molecular Weightsof the order of about 1000 to about 7000 are wax-like solids whose melting points and viscosity increase substantially in proportion to their molecular weights and whose solubilities in water or organic solvents are roughly inversely proportional to their molecular weights.
  • Polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of about 3000 is hard translucent waxlike solid somewhat resembling paraffin wax in appearance and texture, which is soluble in water and which has a melting point around 50 C. When its molecular weight is increased to between 6000 and 7500 the melting point increases to about 58 to 62 C. It is still soluble in water and its viscosity is substantially inof reasons.
  • the polyethylene glycols are liquids at room temperature.
  • the filler may be very easily removed from the finished work piece by virtue of its solubility in water or other solvents at room temperature or alternatively by melting the filler at low temperatures which are harmless to the metal of the finished piece.
  • the polyethylene glycols do not tin the interior of the work piece nor do they leave insoluble residues which must be removed as by de-tinning, de-greasing or de-waxing as is often the case with other known filler materials.
  • polyethylene glycols particularly in the range of molecular weights from about 1000 to 7000 have advantageous lubricating qualities which assist in the extrusion operation and facilitate the flow of metal and the flow of the filler material during the working of the blank.
  • the filler material of my preference may be cast directly into the blank or the midportion thereof as shown in Figure 1, or alternatively it may be pre-cast or otherwise formed into slugs or pellets of a desired size with or without internal voids, see Figures 8 to 12, suit able for manual insertion into and fit within the tubular blank.
  • my inventionl provide two oppositely acting hollow plungers I9 and arranged to engage the opposite ends of the blank I and exert the necessary forming and extruding pressures thereupon.
  • those portions of the ends of the plungers I9 and 20 that enter, the ends of the head part 6 of the channel of 'the die have a close sliding fit therewith and these portions of the plungers preferably have a wall thickness substantially equalto the wall thickness of the tubular blank I. 1
  • the hollow plungers I9 and 20 have straight cylindrical bores 2I- and 22 of approximately the same diameter as the internal diameter of the blank I within which bores, rams I3 and I4 are independantly slidably movable in a close sliding and mutually supporting fit therewith.
  • the rams I3 and I4 v also have a close sliding fit with the interior of the blank of the work piece wherewith to be movable thereinto and, in the first instance, Figure l, engage the filler material between their opposed ends and at all times confine the filler material to the space between their opposed ends in the middle portion of the blank and/or the extruded leg as the size of that space is determined by the position and movement of the rams I3 and I4 independently'of but more or less contemporaneously with the movement of the plungers I9 and 20.
  • fluid motors 24 and 26 are operatively connected with the plungers I9 and 20 respectively for efiecting and controlling the movement thereof and fluid motors 21 and 28 are operatively connected with the rams I3 and I4 respectively wherewith the rams and the plungers may be given whatever independent or correlated movements and forces are desired.
  • Means not shown are preferably provided to insure that the plungers I9 and 20 move toward the center of the die 2 at substantially the same speeds and through the same distances while working on the ends of the branch I and the strokes of the plungers I9 and'20 are centered up with respect to the die 2.
  • The'cylinders of the fluid motors 2! and 28 may be mounted on fixed supports or as suggested in Figure 3 may be carried on the remote ends of the plungers I9 and 20 and be movable therewith; the rams I3 and I 4 being connected with the pistons of the motors I 21 and 28 whereby to have movement independently of the plungers I9 and 20.
  • the cylinders of the motors 24 and 26 are mounted on fixed supports and the pistons thereof are preferably directly connected to the plungers I9 and 20.
  • liquids are employed in the motors 24 and 26 and appropriate hydraulic mechanisms and connections not shown provide for the proper admission and discharge of fluid from the opposite sides of the pistons to obtain forcible forward and backward motions of the plungers l9 and 20 as may be desired to carry out my method.
  • the motors 21 and 28 are pneumatic and with the aid of accumulators 29 and 30, and appropriate connections and control mechanisms not shown, may be caused to provide substantially constant pneumatic pressure on the rams I3 and I4 for their forward strokes and such pressures as may be desired for the withdrawal strokes thereof in the sequences presently to be described.
  • the speeds and movements of the pair of rams toward each other as well as the speed and movements of the pair of plungers toward each other will preferably be uniformly the same, but the relative speeds of the rams in relation to the plungers will be different so that the flow of filler material from the blank or head portion of the T into the extruded branch will never develop a deleterious high pressure nor fall below an advantageous working pressure.
  • the average rate of inward movement of the rams will be less than the average rate of inward movement of the plungers in the same proportion that the volume of the finished work piece P bears to the volume of the blank I.
  • the plungers be given the force and power required to cause the metal to flow with desirably high speed while the rams be caused to exert upon the filler material that substantially constant high pressure safely short of a bursting pressure; the summation of the efforts of both rams and plungers thus being a minimum in respect to the work that is done, i. e., the metal is worked with the least gross effort and in so doing the relative average as well as the relative instantaneous speeds of the rams compared to plungers approximates the ratio of the final volume of the piece P to the initial volume of the blank I.
  • Modifying the initial sequence in this way facilitates the preservation of the same or substantially the same function, mode of operation and results with respect to the work and action of the filler as that above described wherein the viscosity of the filter was taken to be such that its leakage would be negligible when the rams first developed a substantial pressure thereupon and therein prior to the thickening of the walls by the plungers to more effectively seal the space or clearance between the ends of the rams and the ends of the blank.
  • the stroke of each of the plungers from the beginning to the end of the working operation will comprise the distance SI and the stroke of each of the rams during the same interval and operation will comprise the lesser distance S2.
  • the outside diameter of each of the rams is substantially equal to the inside diameter of the blank the displacement of volume of the blank is a direct function of the stroke SI of the plungers and the displacement of filler material is a direct function of the stroke S2 of the rams.
  • the average speed of the rams is to the average speed of the plungers as S2 is to SI in all cases where the rams and plungers both displace the same crosssectional area of volume of filler and volume of tubular blank respectively.
  • Plungers 34 and 35* have pilot portions 40 and 4
  • Rams 44 and 45 slide within the boresof the plungers 34, and 35 respectively and preferably in initial position take substantially the positionshown in Figure 4, i. e., with their end faces 46 and 4! flush with the'end faces 42 and 43 of the pilot portions of the plungers respectively wherewith to bear collectively on the square end of the right cylindrical slug of filler material.
  • the plungers 34 and 35 are preferably adapted to be moved simultaneously toward each other and to contact-the'blank and correctly position it within the die before the forming takes place.
  • the rams 44 and 45 which again are independently movable with respect to the plungers, preferably impose a desirable preliminary pressure upon the filler material II which is confined within the blank, just prior to the beginning of the. forming operation. It will be noted that one of the main through their shoulders 31 and 38; but also through the end faces 42 and 43 ofLtheir-pilot portions also impose-pressure on and displace filler material it.
  • the rams 4'4 and 45 in this instance thereforedo not have the whole burden of displacing filler material but share it. with the plungers.
  • the rate of displacementof filler material is not a direct and solefunction of ram speed and movement but rather: depends upon the speeds and movements ofboth the rams and plungers. Therefore.
  • the stroke and average speed of the rams in this modification is to the stroke and average speed of the plungers as the volume of the finished piece P, less the volume of filler material displaced by the plungers, is to the initial volume of the blank I.
  • the stroke and movement of' the rams being a function of the relative effective filler displacing area of the end faces of the rams compared to the effective filler displacing area of the end facesof the plungersmay, depending on the relation of these-areas and the net change of volume between the blank and the finished piece, lie-specifically greater or less than S3- as shown and may be zero or even be negative to fulfill the teachings and precepts of my invention. Underall circumstances, however, whether the rams move much or little or'positively' or negatively the rams always exert a desir-able and/or desirably high and continuous pressure-on the filler material substantially from the beginning throughout and to.
  • the quantity of filler material initially engaged between theends of the rams and the ends of the plunger pilots wil1 be completely confined and worked and subjected to a continuous substantially uniform pressure and induced to flow into the extruded branch- IU of the piece at the most desirable rate and under the most desirable substantially con-- stant pressure.
  • the areas of the ends of the rams are such in relation to areas of the ends of the pilots that the rams may exert their pressure on the filler-without movement while the pilots displace the: proper'volume of filler material at the desired rate into the extruded leg, then the areas of the pilots may be expressed in the proportion: Cross-sectional area of filler material displaced by ends of pilots is to the whole internal crosssectional area of the blank as the volume of finished piece P is to initial volume of the blank I.
  • the areas of the rams thereupon equals the difference between the cross-sectional area of the 12 blank and the areas of the ends of the pilots.
  • the modified form of my invention shown in Figures 6 and 7 departs from the preferred form shown in Figures 1 and 2 in that while the hollow plunger 54 with the ram 55 may be substantially identical with the plunger 20' and ram l4, the oppositely disposed plunger 50 has an integrally formed pilot 5
  • of the plunger 50 terminates in a square annular shoulder 52, the shoulder having a radial depth substantially equalling the thickness of the stock of the blank wherewith the plunger 50 will engage the right end of the blank through the shoulder 52.
  • the pilot portion extends into the blank as far as practicable consistent with the length of the leg Hi to be. extruded and the pilot terminates in a forwardfiller engaging face 53.
  • the plunger 54 with the ram 55 independently movable therein is intended to be moved equally and oppositely of the plunger 50; the plungers 54 and50 engaging the ends of the blank I and forcing the metal to flow in substantially the same way that the plungers i9 and 20 illustrated in Figure 1 act upon the metal of the blank.
  • the filler material H is engaged and, confined between the end face 53 of the pilot 5
  • the stroke S4 of the ram 54 will be less than the stroke S2 of each of the rams l3 and I4 by an amount which is substantially twice the difference between the strokes Si and S2 for the plungers i9 and 2!! and the rams I3 and M respectively.
  • the plungers 60 and GI with their pilot portions 62 and 63 may correspond in external configuration substantially to the plunger 50 shown in Figures 6 and 7 with square annular shoulders 61 and 69 engaging the ends of the blank I; the plungers 60 and 6
  • the block or slug of filler material 72 instead of being a true solid right cylindrical block in the first instance has a substantially cylindrical external form filling the interior of the blank 5 as shown in Figure 8, but has a small preferably cylindrical channel 13 formed or molded on the lower, as viewed, side thereof, see Figure 10, within which is disposed in the first instance a pin 14 which fills the channel '53 and extends the full length of the filler material and when the plungers 60 and SI are in the starting position shown in Figure 8 has its ends 16 and '11 extending into closely fitting drilled holes lil and H in the lower, as viewed, portions of the pilots and plungers.
  • the holes 10 and H in the plungers closely fit and receive the ends of the pins '14 wherewith to permit the ends of the pin to enter the holes to the exclusion of filler material when the plungers exert pressure on the filler material.
  • the plungers move inwardly toward each other the end faces 65 and 66 thereof which bear upon and compress the filler material do not have the full circular cross-sectional area of the internal diameter of the blank to present to and displace filler material, but rather have an eifective working area for displacing filler material which equals the cross-sectional area of the blank, or the pilot, less the cross-sectional area of the pin M.
  • the diameter of the pin M- be such that its cross-sectional area when subtracted from the cross-sectional area of the inside of the :blank will leave an area which is to the whole cross-sectional area of the blank as the volume of the finished piece P is to the volume of the original blank I. That is to say the volume of the ends of. the pin 14 that is received in the holes 10 and H during the working stroke of the plungers will substantially equal the loss of volume in changing the tubular blank I to the form of the finished piece P.
  • the slug of filler material 12 which preferably is of the range of higher viscosity of the materials above mentioned, is long enough to completely fill the interior of the blank between the end faces 65 and 66 of the pilot portions of the plungers just at or very slightly prior to the time when the shoulders 61 and 69 engage and begin tocompress/the ends of the blank.
  • the ends 16 and 11 of the pin M will have entered the holes Hi and H "wherewith all the space within the blank between the ends of the plungers is occupied and completely filled either with, displaceable filler material '12 or the nondisplaceable pin 74.
  • the pin 14 is disposed at the bottom, as viewed, of the slug of filler material diametrically opposite and removed from the branch to be extruded. I have found it desirable if not necessary to so dispose the pin particularly in the extrusion in the leg of a T fitting whereby to keep the pin out of the transversely moving stream of the viscous filler material to avoid bending the pin during the working operation. For like reasons if the blank were to be worked into the form of a cross fitting rather than a T so that the flow of filler material into oppositely disposed branches would be symmetrical with reference to the axis of the blank, then it would be desirable to dispose the pin coaxially of the blank and of the plungers.
  • the pin 14 might conveniently be secured in one of the plungers at one end whilst being free to slide in a hole like either of the holes 18 or H in the other of the plungers without changing the operationl
  • the slug 9 may be cast solid and the bore drilled or punched out or the slug may be extruded in the form of a tube and then cut to proper length, or formed by any other suitable method depending upon the filler material selected and on the relative convenience of the several methods.
  • the slug 90' may be cast or otherwise formed in two longitudinally split halves which when assembled will define the voided bore SI of the desired size, or may be cast to define when assembled one or more spherical or other shaped voids. While I prefer to provide a single cylindrical void or bore in the slug of filler material my purpose admits of other forms and numbers of voids so long as the desired function and operation of the voided filler is preserved. It is mentioned for illustration that a filler slug having a plurality of small spherical voids will tend to resist reduction of gross volume to better advantage than a slug having one cylindrical void of the same volume.
  • volume or reduceable volume of void is substantially equal to the loss of volume occasioned by working the blank I to the form of the finished piece P, but the mere provision of any void or voids in or adjacent any filler will not necessarily support the other purposes and objects ,of my invention in creating and maintaining desirably high and substantially unifrom pressure in the filler while accommodating the diminishing volume of the piece wherewith to facilitate the working of the piece and the flow and extrusion of metal into the extruded branch or branches.
  • the shape and disposition ofthe void or voids taken with the strength and viscosity of the filler material when regarded as a structural element resisting collapse under longitudinal compression permits me to develop in the filler material the desired high pressure, prevent the pressure from exceeding a desired maximum and atthe same time reduce the gross volume of the filler.
  • a slug so voided might well develop a desirable pressure to facilitate the extrusion of a blank of thin walled soft copper.
  • the blank being made of a tougher material such as stainless steel wherein higher pressure is sought to be'developed in the filler prior or incident to the collapse or reduction in the void or voids then it would be practicable to develop the higher pressure by using two smaller, spaced longitudinally extending voids each of approximately .07" in diameter wherewith to provide the same volume of void but to have a higher resistance to collapse or constriction than the single larger void of like volume.
  • the voided slug of filler material 90 which preferably closely fits the interior of the blank I, is disposed between the end faces 86 and 81 of the pilot portions of plungers 80 and BI which may be substantially identical with the plunger 50 above described; the plungers having respectively square annular shoulders 82 and 83 which engage the ends of the blank when the plungers are caused to take their inwardly moving forming strokes as induced by such means as have heretofore been described.
  • snugly fit the interior of the blank I, and be as long as practicable consistent with the stroke of the plungers, the desired displacement of filler material and the desired length of the slug of filler material which may depend somewhat on the form of the voids provided therein.
  • the slug 9.0 is compressed between the end 86 and 8'! of the plungers a little prior to the moment of forcible engagement between the shoulders 82 and 83 and the ends of the blank whereby to preload the filler and tend to develop a desirabl high initial pressure a little in advance of the direct working of the metal through the plungers.
  • a following increment of movement of the plungers will begin the inward movement of the ends toward each other and such thickening of the stock as the sides of the pilots and the pressure of the filler permits.
  • pressure in the filler will rise or will have risen to the desired maximum near but below the bursting strength of the piece and at or above the strength of the filler that defines the void or portion of thevoid that is first to collapse or suffer reduction in size under the conditions of working the piece and causing the filler to flow into the extruded branch.
  • filler pressure exerted against the piece is maintained and limited within the desired and useful limits specified whilst the gross volume of filler diminishes in accommodation of the diminishing volume of the piece.
  • the filler material is continuously confined within the piece and within the diminishing volume thereof and the mass of filler material as a whole is constrained to flow in the direction of the extrusion of the branch or branches wherewith to influence, that extrusion favorably and to aid especially in the working and flowing of the metal around the corners of the intersection of the head with the legs or other branches of the finished piece.
  • a desirably high initial pressure is created in the filler material and interiorly of the blank at or prior to the beginning of the direct working of the metal of the blank and the 'beneficently high pressure is maintained continuously and substantially uniformly throughout the whole time of Working the piece; the pressure in and exerted by the filler in and upon the piece never being subjected to sharp changes positively or negatively whether incident to intended relief or merely without control.
  • Apparatus for making a branch fitting such as a T or the like by extruding at least one lateral branch outwardly from a blank of greater volume than the fitting and containing filler material comprising a die having a main passage receptive of the blank and a lateral branch corresponding to the branch to be formed in the fitting, a pair of oppositely acting plungers, one of said plungers having a longitudinal bore, said plungers being slidable in said main passage of said die with their ends respectively engaging the ends of said blank and engaging and confining all the filler material within said blank throughout the working thereof, a pin disposed in part in said bore and closing the open end of said bore adjacent the filler material and being slidably movable in said bore with a close sliding fit preventing the outflow of filler material through said bore when said filler material is squeezed between the ends of said plungers, said pin also having contact with the other of said plungers and moving in said bore as the ends of said plungers advance toward each other during the
  • Apparatus for making a branch fitting such as a T or the like by extruding at least one lateral branch outwardly from a blank of greater volume than the fitting and containing filler material comprising a die having a main passage receptive of the blank and a lateral branch corresponding to the branch to be formed in the fitting, a pair of oppositely acting plungers having longitudinally aligned bores, said plungers being slidable in said main passage of said die with their ends respectively engaging the ends of said blank and engaging and confining all the filler material within said blank throughout the working thereof, a pin extending through said filler material and into both said bores and closing the open ends of said bores adjacent the filler material and being slidably movable in said bores with a close sliding fit preventing the outflow of filler material through said bores when said filler material is squeezed between the ends of said plungers, said pin moving in said bores as the ends of said plungers advance toward each other during the working of the piece, means

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
US770293A 1947-08-23 1947-08-23 Method and means for making wrought fittings Expired - Lifetime US2603175A (en)

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2762326A (en) * 1954-12-28 1956-09-11 Keystone Brass Works Inc Method for forming t-fitting
US2827007A (en) * 1947-08-23 1958-03-18 Nibco Method of making wrought fittings
US2966872A (en) * 1953-11-02 1961-01-03 Ryerson & Haynes Inc Forming shaped hollow metal articles and equipment therefor
US2975510A (en) * 1957-08-27 1961-03-21 Crane Co Method of forming branched fittings
US3030902A (en) * 1955-08-02 1962-04-24 Huet Andre Manufacture of tubular elements
US3670545A (en) * 1970-10-29 1972-06-20 Mc Donnell Douglas Corp Bulge-forming apparatus
US4109365A (en) * 1976-03-30 1978-08-29 Eastman Kodak Company Method for forming contoured tubing
US6151937A (en) * 1999-02-17 2000-11-28 Amcast Industrial Corporation Machine for forming T-shaped tubular components using a forming material insert

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ZA747674B (en) * 1974-12-03 1976-01-28 P Herr Improvements in or relating to stanchions

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB190009889A (en) * 1900-05-29 1900-07-14 Rudolf Chillingworth Improvements in the Method of Producing Bulges and the like on Metal Pipes and in Apparatus therefor.
US1774614A (en) * 1929-03-06 1930-09-02 Fredrich J Rode Cushioning device for presses
US1844250A (en) * 1930-02-01 1932-02-09 Mccord Radiator & Mfg Company Draw press
US2027285A (en) * 1933-10-06 1936-01-07 Parker Arthur La Rue Method of forming seamless tube couplings
US2111695A (en) * 1934-03-23 1938-03-22 Rex R Seeber Method of making pipe fittings
US2129120A (en) * 1936-07-28 1938-09-06 Davis Charles Method of forming extrusion containers
US2138199A (en) * 1935-09-28 1938-11-29 Frans B Wendel Method of making metal fittings and the like
US2203868A (en) * 1939-06-26 1940-06-11 Mueller Brass Co Apparatus for making wrought metal t's
US2206741A (en) * 1937-12-06 1940-07-02 Jr Edward S Cornell Mechanico-fluid-pressure method of producing lateral-provided fittings
US2243809A (en) * 1934-10-03 1941-05-27 W S A Inc Method of making hollow wrought metal articles
US2331430A (en) * 1941-08-27 1943-10-12 Chase Brass & Copper Co Apparatus for making hollow articles
US2375599A (en) * 1941-06-23 1945-05-08 Lewis E Walton Combination rubber die

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB190009889A (en) * 1900-05-29 1900-07-14 Rudolf Chillingworth Improvements in the Method of Producing Bulges and the like on Metal Pipes and in Apparatus therefor.
US1774614A (en) * 1929-03-06 1930-09-02 Fredrich J Rode Cushioning device for presses
US1844250A (en) * 1930-02-01 1932-02-09 Mccord Radiator & Mfg Company Draw press
US2027285A (en) * 1933-10-06 1936-01-07 Parker Arthur La Rue Method of forming seamless tube couplings
US2111695A (en) * 1934-03-23 1938-03-22 Rex R Seeber Method of making pipe fittings
US2243809A (en) * 1934-10-03 1941-05-27 W S A Inc Method of making hollow wrought metal articles
US2138199A (en) * 1935-09-28 1938-11-29 Frans B Wendel Method of making metal fittings and the like
US2129120A (en) * 1936-07-28 1938-09-06 Davis Charles Method of forming extrusion containers
US2206741A (en) * 1937-12-06 1940-07-02 Jr Edward S Cornell Mechanico-fluid-pressure method of producing lateral-provided fittings
US2203868A (en) * 1939-06-26 1940-06-11 Mueller Brass Co Apparatus for making wrought metal t's
US2375599A (en) * 1941-06-23 1945-05-08 Lewis E Walton Combination rubber die
US2331430A (en) * 1941-08-27 1943-10-12 Chase Brass & Copper Co Apparatus for making hollow articles

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2827007A (en) * 1947-08-23 1958-03-18 Nibco Method of making wrought fittings
US2966872A (en) * 1953-11-02 1961-01-03 Ryerson & Haynes Inc Forming shaped hollow metal articles and equipment therefor
US2762326A (en) * 1954-12-28 1956-09-11 Keystone Brass Works Inc Method for forming t-fitting
US3030902A (en) * 1955-08-02 1962-04-24 Huet Andre Manufacture of tubular elements
US2975510A (en) * 1957-08-27 1961-03-21 Crane Co Method of forming branched fittings
US3670545A (en) * 1970-10-29 1972-06-20 Mc Donnell Douglas Corp Bulge-forming apparatus
US4109365A (en) * 1976-03-30 1978-08-29 Eastman Kodak Company Method for forming contoured tubing
US6151937A (en) * 1999-02-17 2000-11-28 Amcast Industrial Corporation Machine for forming T-shaped tubular components using a forming material insert

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