US2602146A - Microwave generator - Google Patents

Microwave generator Download PDF

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Publication number
US2602146A
US2602146A US699134A US69913446A US2602146A US 2602146 A US2602146 A US 2602146A US 699134 A US699134 A US 699134A US 69913446 A US69913446 A US 69913446A US 2602146 A US2602146 A US 2602146A
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United States
Prior art keywords
resonator
electrodes
micro
hollow cavity
walls
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Expired - Lifetime
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US699134A
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English (en)
Inventor
Ludi Fritz
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Patelhold Patenverwertungs and Elektro-Holding AG
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Patelhold Patenverwertungs and Elektro-Holding AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
    • H03B5/18—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising distributed inductance and capacitance
    • H03B5/1817—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising distributed inductance and capacitance the frequency-determining element being a cavity resonator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/06—Tubes having only one resonator, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the modulation produced in the modulator zone is mainly velocity modulation, e.g. Lüdi-Klystron
    • H01J25/08—Tubes having only one resonator, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the modulation produced in the modulator zone is mainly velocity modulation, e.g. Lüdi-Klystron with electron stream perpendicular to the axis of the resonator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/10—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator
    • H01J25/16—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator with pencil-like electron stream perpendicular to the axis of the resonators

Definitions

  • inventions are to provide microwave -generators including hollow cavity resonators with elec-v Patented July 1, 1952 Fritz Liidi, Baden, Switzerland,
  • This invention relates to microwave generators of. the hollow cavity resonator type in which the oscillatory voltage is developed through the density modulation of an electron beam.
  • the energy absorbing grids are not located at points between which the developed oscillatory voltages are a maximum, so that also in this case the maximum efliciency is not obtained.
  • Objects of the present invention are to provide microwave generators which avoid the'disadvantages of the prior devices and operate with relatively high efficiency.
  • An object is to provide a microwave generator of the hollow cavity resonatortype in which the voltage maximum of the electrical oscillations is set up at only one region of the resonator cavity when oscillation at thefundamental frequency of the cavity is'estab lished.
  • An object is to provide a resonator-"cavity type of microwave generator in which the feedback factor is less than unity and can be established at practically any desired value by the relative location of the control electrodes with respect to a Wall of the cavity.
  • An object is to provide a resonator cavity type of microwave generator in which the control grid and energy absorbing electrodes form parts of walls of-the resonator cavity, whereby currents may flow to them from all directions and thus elimimate the losses which arose from the heating of theelectrode leads which were essential'in'prior More specifically, objects of the trodes for developing oscillations through the phase-focusing of electrons, and in which" at least one electron beam penetrates, in succession, two control electrodes and two energy ab-- sorbing electrodes.
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective View, with parts broken away,'of a hollow resonator cavity embodying the,
  • Figs-2,3 and i are perspective views of other forms of resonator cavities embodying the invention.
  • Fig- 6 is a similar perspective view of a microwave generator including a; cavity resonator of the type illustrated in Fig. 2; and
  • Fig. 7 is a perspective view, 'as vertical section,'of another embodiment in which the" hollow cavity resonator, and associated elements constitute'the major portion ofcthe envelope of the tube.
  • the reference numerals I, 2 identify the approaching'and exit portions, respectively, of an electron beam of initially homogeneous composition'which passes downwardly through an elongated hollow cavity resonator 3 whichis closed at both ends, .and preferably, as is of rectangularcross-section.
  • the corners of the parallelepiped may be rounded off, or an elliptical or circular cross-section may be employed, but the rectangular cross-section is the presently preferred construction.
  • Control electrodes 6, 6 are arranged at or in the planes oi the upper and lower walls of the resonatorin the. path of the beam section i, and energyabsorbing grids 1, I are similarly arranged at'orin'the planes of the upper and lower walls at ap-' proximately the center of the resonator and in the path of the beam section 4.
  • the electrical oscillations within the resonator 3 are amplified by the passage of the non-homogeneous section 4 of the beam through the resonator provided, of course, that the travel of the bunched groups of electrons and the alternating electrical fields at the energy-absorbing grids T, I
  • the degree of .feedback may be preselected at a desired value by an appropriate selection of the spacing of the control electrodes from the end wall or may be. adjusted by providing means, similar to those disclosed hereinafter for varying the volume of the resonator cavity, for varying the spacing of the control electrodes from the end wall.
  • a ringshaped resonator 3a permits the location of the sets of control electrodes 6 and energy-absorbing electrodes 1 in a straight line, see Fig. 2.
  • the ring resonator 3a may be assumed to be constructed from the right parallelepiped cavity 3 of Fig. '1 by bending the latter to bring the end surfaces ac into engagement with each other.
  • the wall 8 which extends radially across the annulus 3a of rectangular cross-section provides a common wall A C for the opposite ends of the cavity resonator.
  • This partition wall 8 is located adjacent the control electrodes 6, and therefore at some distance from the energy-absorbing. electrodes I.
  • the type of oscillations is the same as with the Fig l construction and, since the same conditions as to maximum and minimum electrical field strength apply to the ring resonator of Fig. 2, the feedback factor is lessthan unity as the electrical field in the region of thecontrol electrodes 6 is smaller than the electrical field in the energy-absorbing electrodes 1.
  • FIG. 3 Another modification to locate the modulator and inductor elements of the resonator in a straight line is shown in Fig. 3.
  • This J -shaped form of the resonator 322 may be viewed as developed from the Fig. 1 resonator by bending one end portion of the resonator to bring the axis of the beam path through the electrodes 6 into coincidence with the axis of the energy-absorbing electrodes 1.
  • the operating characteristics of this form of the invention are substantially identical with those of the previously described constructions.
  • FIG. 4 A further constructional arrangement for eliminating the magnetic field system of the Fig. 1' embodiment is illustrated in Fig. 4.
  • An auxiliary resonator 9 is arranged below the resonator 3 andv excited by the electron beam I, 2 which penetrates the control electrodes 6 of the resonator 3 and electrodes [0 of the resonator 9, and a second electron beam 1 I of initially homogeneous composition passes upwardly through the electrodes l2 of resonator 9 and the energyabsorbing electrodes 1 of the resonator 3.
  • the fundamental frequency may be varied by alteringthe volume of the frequency-determining hollow space at points where the magnetic or electrical fields are strongest. Such an adjustment may be obtained if the wall of the respnator is flexible and a pressure screw is provided, or if a metal piston is mounted for adjustment to penetrate into the hollow space to an adjustable extent.
  • the first arrangement as illustrated in Fig. 2, comprises a bracket I3 mounted on the resonator 3a and having a bushing through which a screw [4 is threaded to contact a flexible portion of the circumferential wall of the resonator.
  • the adjustable piston construction for controlling the fundamental frequency will be described later.
  • a resonator 3 of the right parallelepiped type is mounted by one or more'struts [5 within an evacuated envelope [6.
  • Anelectron gun assembly comprising a hot cathode l7 and focusing electrode (-8 establishes the electron beam l which is accelerated by a collecting electrode H! which is maintained at a positive potential.
  • the direction of the beam is reversed after its first passage through'the resonator 3 by a magnetic field structure comprising a yoke 20 and winding 2
  • An output loop 22 extends into the resonator cavity and is suitably mounted in and supported by the envelope l6.
  • a ring-shaped resonator 3o such as shown in Fig. 2 may be supported within a glass envelope 23.by means of metal plates or tabs 24 soldered to opposite sides of the resonator and to supporting rods or Wires 25, see Fig. 6.
  • the electron gun assembly l1 It may be substantially identical with that illustrated in Fig. 5.
  • a collecting electrode 26 of disk form is supported in alinement with the electron gun and the electrodes of the resonator by a rod or wire 27. 22' penetrates the resonator cavity and is supported by a tubular extension 23 of the envelope.
  • the envelope is formed by the parallel walls 28 of circular form and the outer cylindrical wall 29 of the resonator 3b.
  • the resonator is completed by the inner cylindrical wall 30 and the radial wall 8 which is adjacent the control A coupling 'loop electrodes 6, 6.
  • The-electron gun assembly 11, I8 is mounted in a glass or ceramic'cup 32-whichis unitedto a short cylindrical sleeve or bushing, 33 welded to the outer wall'29;
  • the fundamental frequency may be altered by a metal piston 34 which is sealed within the tube by a corrugated flexible sleeve 35, and is mounted on a shaft 36 which is threaded through the end wall of a metal cap 31 soldered or welded to a side wall 28 of the tube.
  • a knob 38 for manual adjustment of the piston 34 is secured to the end of the shaft 36.
  • the control electrodes 6 and energy absorbing electrodes 1 are not in the form of screens, but consist of openings in the walls of the resonator.
  • an accelerating electrode 39 which consists of a cylinder the axis of which lies in the direction of the electron beam.
  • An output loop for absorbing the high frequency power is located on the opposite side of the tube axis and is therefore not visible in the figure.
  • a micro-wave generator comprising a single elongated hollow cavity resonator of substantially unobstructed uniform cross-section between two end walls, a pair of control electrodes at opposed walls of said hollow cavity resonator adjacent one of said end walls and spaced substantially from an anti-node of the electrical field established during operation of the generator, a pair of energy absorbing electrodes at opposite walls of said hollow cavity resonator and located closer to an anti-node of the electrical field than said control electrodes, means for developing an electron beam, and means for directing said electron beam through said pair of control electrodes and said pair of energy absorbing electrodes in series, the spacing and relative locations of said control electrodes and said energy absorbing electrodes being such that the feedback factor is less than unity.
  • a micro-wave generator as recited in.claim 4 wherein said electrodes are positioned in the circumferential walls of said hollow cavity resonator.
  • a micro-wave generator as recited in claim 1 in combination with means at a point of maximum electrical energy to vary the volume of said hollow cavity resonator to control the frequency of the generated micro-wave energy output.
  • a micro-wave generator comprising an evacuated envelope, an electron gun and a collecting electrode within said envelope and adapted to establish a linear stream of electrons, an elongated hollow cavity resonator comprising an annulus of rectangular cross-section having diametrically located openings in the circumferential walls thereof to pass said linear electron stream, a wall extending radially across said annulus and closer to the pair of circumferential wall openings at the electron gun side of said annulus than to the other pair of circumferential wall openings, and coupling means extending into said annulus for connection to a load circuit.
  • a micro-wave generator the combination with an evacuated envelope, an elongated hollow cavity resonator of parallelepiped form within said envelope, an electron gun for establishing an electron stream, openings in opposite walls of said cavity resonator in line with said electron stream, and a second pair of openings in said opposite walls, of means for reversing the direction of travel of said electron stream to pass through said second pair of openings; said means comprising a collecting electrode and means creating a magnetic field.
  • an elongated hollow cavity resonator comprising inner and outer cylindrical walls cooperating with circular end plates to form an envelope, a radial wall extending between said inner and outer walls to constitute end closures for said elongated hollow cavity resonator, diametrically alined openings in said inner and outer cylindrical walls, the axis of said alined openings being at an acute angle to said radial wall, an electron gun in alinement with said openings, an electrode cooperating with said electron gun for establishing an electron stream through said openings, and means adjustable into the space between said inner and outer cylindrical walls to control the frequency of the micro-Wave energy developed by said generatorh y FRITZLITDI.

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  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
US699134A 1942-09-01 1946-09-25 Microwave generator Expired - Lifetime US2602146A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH573193X 1942-09-01

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US2602146A true US2602146A (en) 1952-07-01

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US (1) US2602146A (de)
CH (1) CH239856A (de)
FR (1) FR897423A (de)
GB (1) GB573193A (de)
NL (1) NL66505C (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2938139A (en) * 1954-05-10 1960-05-24 Csf Velocity modulation tubes
US3070873A (en) * 1956-11-01 1963-01-01 Applied Radiation Corp Waveguide construction
WO1991020090A1 (en) * 1990-06-08 1991-12-26 United States Department Of Energy Method and device for generating microwaves using a split cavity modulator

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL6501676A (de) * 1965-02-11 1966-08-12

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2320860A (en) * 1939-12-22 1943-06-01 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron discharge apparatus
US2368031A (en) * 1940-03-15 1945-01-23 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device
US2383343A (en) * 1940-08-13 1945-08-21 Westinghouse Electric Corp Two-cylinder short-wave resonator apparatus
US2394008A (en) * 1941-04-09 1946-02-05 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Beam resonator tube
US2405612A (en) * 1941-03-05 1946-08-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Ultra high frequency resonant cavities
US2408409A (en) * 1941-04-08 1946-10-01 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Ultra high frequency electronic device
US2428780A (en) * 1942-07-03 1947-10-14 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Ultra high frequency electronic device
US2458556A (en) * 1941-04-08 1949-01-11 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Coupled cavity resonator and wave guide apparatus

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2320860A (en) * 1939-12-22 1943-06-01 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron discharge apparatus
US2368031A (en) * 1940-03-15 1945-01-23 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device
US2383343A (en) * 1940-08-13 1945-08-21 Westinghouse Electric Corp Two-cylinder short-wave resonator apparatus
US2405612A (en) * 1941-03-05 1946-08-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Ultra high frequency resonant cavities
US2408409A (en) * 1941-04-08 1946-10-01 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Ultra high frequency electronic device
US2458556A (en) * 1941-04-08 1949-01-11 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Coupled cavity resonator and wave guide apparatus
US2394008A (en) * 1941-04-09 1946-02-05 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Beam resonator tube
US2428780A (en) * 1942-07-03 1947-10-14 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Ultra high frequency electronic device

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2938139A (en) * 1954-05-10 1960-05-24 Csf Velocity modulation tubes
US3070873A (en) * 1956-11-01 1963-01-01 Applied Radiation Corp Waveguide construction
WO1991020090A1 (en) * 1990-06-08 1991-12-26 United States Department Of Energy Method and device for generating microwaves using a split cavity modulator
US5235248A (en) * 1990-06-08 1993-08-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Method and split cavity oscillator/modulator to generate pulsed particle beams and electromagnetic fields

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB573193A (en) 1945-11-09
FR897423A (fr) 1945-03-21
NL66505C (de)
CH239856A (de) 1945-11-15

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