US2597647A - Storing and comparing arrangement for collating and the like machines - Google Patents

Storing and comparing arrangement for collating and the like machines Download PDF

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Publication number
US2597647A
US2597647A US201142A US20114250A US2597647A US 2597647 A US2597647 A US 2597647A US 201142 A US201142 A US 201142A US 20114250 A US20114250 A US 20114250A US 2597647 A US2597647 A US 2597647A
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primary
card
reading
cards
contacts
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Knutsen Knut Andreas
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Compagnie des Machines Bull SA
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Compagnie des Machines Bull SA
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F7/00—Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled
    • G06F7/22—Arrangements for sorting or merging computer data on continuous record carriers, e.g. tape, drum, disc
    • G06F7/24—Sorting, i.e. extracting data from one or more carriers, rearranging the data in numerical or other ordered sequence, and rerecording the sorted data on the original carrier or on a different carrier or set of carriers sorting methods in general

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  • This invention relates to storage and comparing arrangements for collating and the like machines, and more particularly to electronic arrangements for the storage and comparing of record cards for re-sorting the cards in said machines.
  • a collating machine therefore comprises a hopper and a feed track for the primary cards and similar elements for the secondary cards.
  • the means for feeding forward the primary and secondary card tracks are started by electromagnetic clutches, either separately or simultaneously, as a function of the comparison or data or indices on the cards, The cards then pass through forward feed members which lead the cards to a common receptacle.
  • the known storage and comparing devices comprise relays co-operating with distributors or commutators. They have a certain inertia owing to the relays and necessitate control of relatively great energy. This results in a limitation of the speed of operation of the machine, and wear on the different contacts, distributors and the like, necessitating appreciable maintenance work.
  • One object of the present invention is to obviate these disadvantages by replacing the storage or registering relays by gas-filled electron tubes and by replacing the comparison relays by high-vacuum electron tubes, a limited number of relays being provided to control the operating members.
  • Such an arrangement permits of a reduction in the overall dimensions of the storage and comparing devices, and in the cost of production, by reason of the fact that the electron tubes replacing the relays are actually much smaller in number than the relays, while being substantially equivalent in cost per element.
  • a storage and comparing arrangement applicable to a collating machine for re-sorting record cards bearing data or index numbers in the form of perforations or marks representing by their position the numerical value of the said indices, the storage circuits comprising thyratrons and being adapted to translate the time-controlled impulses resulting from the reading of the indices, into momentarily stable electric parameters representing the numerical value of the indices read.
  • a storage circuit comprises a rotary multiple switch or the like controlling a thyratron corresponding to the digit in question read from the index, said thyratron being one of a series of identical thyratrons having different anode resistances of graded values, or of any equivalent thyratron arrangement providing a parameter (voltage or'current) of variable value and preferably proportional to the said read digit corresponding to the said storage circuit.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a storage and comparing arrangement, as above, which is applicable to collating machines (functioning cyclically) which deals with cards separated into primary and secondary stacks, in which arrangement the electric parameters representing the primary and secondary indices are transmitted to the comparing circuits comprising high-vacuum electron tubes associated in groups of two with a member having a differential electromagnetic action, so as to actuate the primary and secondary feed members differently according to whether the primary parameters are greater than, lower than or equal to the secondary parameters.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a storage and comparing arrangement of the type referred to, in which the two tubes of one comparing group have their cathodes connected to a common impedance which supplies the polarising voltage in the inoperative position and effects a limitation of the total anode current of the two tubes by a total negative feedback and balancing effect regardless of the relative values of the parameters applied separately to the control grids of the said tubes.
  • Figure 1 shows diagrammatically a machine to which the invention may be applied, the card receptacles, the feed devices and the reading devices, being illustrated,
  • FIGS. 2a and. 2b when assembled along the lines A--B, show one form of the circuit diagram according to the invention
  • Figures Sci-and 3b when assembled along the lines CD, show an alternative form of circuit diagram according to the invention.
  • Figures 4 and 5 show control tables for the cam-operated contacts of the machine, corresponding to the first and second embodiments respectively, and
  • Figures 6 and 7 show how Figuresla, 2b and 3a, 3b respectively are to be assembled.
  • FIG. 358 The right-hand part of Figurel shows a hopper 356 for the'primary cards.
  • 358 is a picker mechanically coupled to the primary-shaft which also actuates feed rollers 39, 49, 53, 65, II with their associated pressure rollers, and contact-' cylinders 44 and 59.
  • an electric impulse actuates an electromagnetic clutch which thereupon couples the primary shaft to a main shaft I ( Figure 1) for one revolution of the latter shaft.
  • the picker 358 feeds a card through the'outlet of the hopper; the card is then driven by the rollers 39 and is stopped first before reaching the reading brush BPI. The extent of this movement constitutes what will be referred to as a cyclic space. If a second impulse is fed to the clutch, another primary cycle is started.
  • the first card 'carried along by the rollers, passes under the reading brush BPI and is stopped shortly before reaching the'reading brush BPZ while a second card takes the place of the first.
  • the elements of the seconary track are identical with those of the primary track, but may differ in number.
  • Contact rollers 601 and I35 cooperate with the reading brushes BSI and BS2.
  • the secondary track is continued by feed rollers I59, I56, I65, etc. controlled by the main shaft. It will therefore be seen that as soon as a secondary card has passed the reading brush BS2, it is taken up by the roller I59 and immediately conducted to a receptacle which may, in this case, be the compartment I33.
  • mean are provided to ensure that during the comparison of data or indices on a primary card and secondary card the card bearing the index of lower denomination is advanced during the following cycle, while the other card remains in position until the arrival of a card having a higher index.
  • a stack of cardssorted in numerical order is collected in the receptacle I82.
  • two cards of similar index are compared, they are simultaneously fed forward in the following cycle, so that they are situated one above the other in the general track. (It will be noted that the record cards dealt with here have a single perforation situated in different indicating positions 9 to 0, to represent the numerical value of a digit.)
  • the reading circuits of the machine can be seen in the lowerpart of Figure 2b, which shows the contact rollers 44, 59, 601 and I35, against which bear the brushes of the reading contacts BPI, BPZ, BSI, and BS2.
  • Two distributors I1 and III constantly driven by the main shaft, close their contacts as the perforations of the cards pass-below the reading brushes.
  • the camoperated contacts CPS, CPI, CS6 and CS1 only permit closing of the reading circuits at those points of the cycle at which analysis of a perforation may take place.
  • Contacts CCPI and CCSI and 2 are controlled by card levers situated at the first and second stations of the primary and secondary reading tracksrespectively. The latter contacts are intended to indicate, by energising the relays 324, 325, 326 and 321, when one of them is closed, that a card i passing or is about to pass the correponding reading station.
  • the relay 30! being energised, closes its holding contacts 30m, whereby a holding circuit is made for the said relay in conjunction with the cam-operated contacts CPI and CSI (closed upon stopping of the corresponding primary and secondary shafts).
  • Relay 30l also closes its contacts 30Ib, 30lc.
  • the button M is released, the contact M2 (which had been open) is closed again and establishes circuits for simultaneously energising the electromagnetics EAS and EAP.
  • the first circuit is as follows: terminal 0 connected to earth, contacts M2, 3ND, 303a, CG4, 3010, 321d, 3030, electromagnet EAS, terminal +48.
  • the second circuit comprises: terminal 0, contacts M2, 30H), 303a,
  • Energisation of relay 334 causes the closing of the contacts 334a, 3341; and 3340 and permits energisation of the electromagnet EAP by the following circuit: earth, cam-operated contact 0G5, contact 3340, rider 44!, line EAP, contact 303b, electromagnet EAP, terminal +48.
  • the reading of the first secondary card is effected by BS1; the storage of the index read is effected and a comparison, the process of which will later be seen, takes place at the end of the cycle.
  • the second ary index is necessarily higher (the case of the index 0 being excluded). It is sufficient to know for the moment that this comparison will result in the opening of the contact RSd and the closing of Rse.
  • a single circuit will be formed, namely: terminal 0, M2, 301b, 303a, 0G4, H9, 616, RPd, RSe, 385, 318, relay 335, and terminal +48.
  • the closing of the contacts 3350 permits the feeding of the electromagnet EAP by 0G5 and the rider 45 I, while the circuit for EAS cannot be made by the opening .of the contacts 321d resulting from the presence of a secondary card just in front of BS2.
  • the primary feed will be actuated, and the first primary card will be read and its index stored and then compared with the secondary index stored in the second cycle. From this instant, the feed cycles can automatically succeed one another owing to the simultaneous closing of the contacts 3240, 325e,
  • Figure 2b shows, in addition to the reading circuits (at the bottom ofthe figure), the storage or registering circuits (at the top).
  • the storage circuits have only been shown for indices comprising two digits, namely a row of units and a row of tens.
  • the operation of the machine envisaged in the first embodiment allows of the dealing with indices containing a greater number of digits, limited by the process of comparison provided. It is sufiicient to add an adequate number of storage or registering circuits to have as many such circuits as unit orders which can be employed in the machine.
  • Each of the storage or registering circuits U (units) and D (tens) is composed of two groups of members, namely one group for the primary indices (P) and one identical group for the secondary indices (S). For this reason, the description of one group will be applicable to both.
  • a group comprises a multiple switch or commutator connected by means of a plug connection to a reading brush or corresponding order, and a series of thyratron circuits.
  • the multiple switch or commutator may be of any convenient form and, more particularly, in accordance with the construction described in the prior patent specifi-cation already referred to.
  • the switch must comprise a common segment 605 ( Figure 2b) preferably of circular form, a series of contact studs 63L and a rotary member or brush 88 which establishes a connection between the common segment and each of the studs successively, when it is in motion.
  • the brush must be driven synchronously, on the one hand with the distributors I1 and Ill, and on the other hand with the card-feed rollers so that when a perforation 9 is analysed, the brush is situated on a stud representing the value 9 and so on for the other values of the perforations. During one feed cycle, the brush de scribes a complete revolution.
  • the common segment of the units of the primary cards ( Figure 2b) is connected by the plug connection 504 to the reading brush BPZ for the units.
  • the thyratrons of each group are employed to convert the time-controlled impulses resulting from the reading of the indices into electric parameters representing by their magnitude the numerical value of the said indices and to pre serve the parameters throughout the time necessary for the subsequent comparison or comparisons.
  • a thyratron is a gasfilled electron tube having at least one cathode, a control grid and an anode and that when the state of conduction is initiated, for a certain range of voltage values, the control grid no longer acts on the anode current, which can only be cut off by suppressing the anode voltage or by breaking the anode circuit. Moreover, during conduction the voltage drop across the anodecathode space is constant for a given type of thyratron and the current delivery depends only on the external circuits. I
  • a group comprises nine thyratrons to which are allocated the values 1 to 9. (Certain only of the thyratrons are shown in Figure 2b for the sake of clarity.)
  • the primary storage group comprises thyratrons TIP to TSP. Their cathodes are connected to earth through a common resistance RKUP.
  • Each of the grids is connected directly to one contact stud of the associated multiple-switch, each stud controllin an impulse, the numerical value of which corresponds to that of the thyratron.
  • the grid-of the thyratron TSP can receive :a time impulse 9, the grid ofTSP a time impulse 8, and so on.
  • each of the grids is connected to terminal P01 ( Figure 2a) through individual resistances RG1 .RRGZP, etc., each of which resistances is connected to a common. connection 568.
  • This circuit corresponds to the sending of a positive impulse and during this impulse the thyratron selected becomes conductive and remains For this'purpose, the cam-operated contacts (3P6, CPl, CS6 and conductive as long as the anode circuit is not broken.
  • the two tubes VP and VS are pentodes having imilar characteristic curves. Trioclesor tetrodes could also be employed for this purpose.
  • the control grids are, during the inoperative period, at earth or zero potential owing to their respective connection to the resistances 5H and 512, the other end of which is earthed.
  • the grids are also each connected by a wire '5l3 and SM to the change-over devices CGP and CGS (see Figure 2b), the contacts of which are all open in the inoperative position.
  • The'anodes of the pentodes VP and VS receive the high tension of the connection 5:8 (leading to the positive terminal 2H1) through the respective coils of the differential relay 558.
  • the screens of VP and VS receive the high tension directly through the connection 5l8.
  • the cathodes are connected together and the cathode circuit is closed on a commonresistance 5!!! con nected to earth.
  • This resistance produces in well known manner that negative polarisation of the grid which determines the anode delivery of the valves VP and VS in the inoperative position.
  • this self-polarising system applied to two direct-current amplifier valves in opposition is somewhat special, since it superposes effects of total negative feedback and balancing and affords advantages which will later become apparent.
  • the polarised differential relay 500 is provided with an armature SUI having a fixing point 593 connected to the relay.
  • the armature carries an insulating rod 502 which extends transversely across the said armature to control contacts 506a and 59Gb.
  • the armature 501 is attracted to the left (as viewed in Figure 2a). It is attracted to the right in the contrary case.
  • the grids of the tubes VP and VS are connected respectively to the change-over systems CGP and CGS. These are composed of cam-operated contacts equal in number to the unit orders of the indices to be compared. The cams which control them are actuated by the general shaft of the machine in synchronism with the other distributing and feeding parts.
  • the opposite blades are individually connected to the resistances located in the cathode return circuits of the groups of thyratrons, namely CGP.U to the upper terminal of KRUP, CGRD to the upper terminal of RKD.P, and so on to CGRCM (not shown) corresponding to the hundred thousands.
  • CGP.U to the upper terminal of KRUP
  • CGRD to the upper terminal of RKD.P
  • CGRCM not shown
  • the table of Figure 4 shows that the camoperated contacts U, D, C, M, DM, CM are successively closed in accordance with decreasing unit orders, CM being closed first and U last. In this way, priority of comparison is granted to higher unit orders.
  • the members for exploiting the comparison comprise the comparison relay RP ( Figure 2a) which is energised by the closing of the contact when the armature SM is moved to the left (in the case of primary superiority) and the relay RS which is energised by the closing of the contact 500a when the armature 5lll is moved to the right (in the case of secondary superiority) Since the energisation of each of the relays must be maintained, they control their respective holding contacts RH: and R311 both of which are connected in series with the cam-operated contact CGI3 which opens at the end of each cycle.
  • the comparison relays also control the following contacts:
  • RPd, RPe and R811, RSe are alternating contacts which control the feeding of the cards as follows: in the case of equality of the indices PS, none of the relays RP and RS is energised; PM and RSd remain in the position shown in the drawing; the current set up by CGH feeds the relay 334. The latter closes its contacts 334a, b, 0. so that CG5 is able to feed simultaneously the electromagnets EAP and EAS through the riders 4H, 444 and the lines EAP and 'EAS. Thus, the cards P and S are fed forward simultaneously.
  • 334 also opens its contact 334] (lower part of Figure 2a), whereby the anode feed of the primary and secondary thyratrons is cut off since no stored index is to be kept for this cycle.
  • RP is energised, RPd opens and RPe closes.
  • the current supplied by 0G4 then feeds the relay 339 and on closing of its contacts 339a, 339b, 3390, 0G5 can feed the electromagnet EAS through the rider 494 and the line EAS, whereby the secondary cards are fed forward.
  • RS is energised, RSd opens and RS6 closes.
  • the current supplied by CG4 then feeds the relay 335 and on closing of its contacts 335a, 335b, 3350, CGS can feed the electromagnet EAP through the rider 45] and the line EAP, whereby the primary cards are fed forward.
  • the first secondary card remains in position, that is to say, shortly before BS2, while the first primary card passes under BP2 and is therefore effectively read. It will be assumed that the index on the primary card is 12. During the reading, the thyratrons T'IP (tens) and TZP (units) will be set in operation in the manner already indicated.
  • the positive voltage proportional to 7 is transmitted to the grid of VP, while the positive voltage proportional to 4 is transmitted to the grid of VS.
  • the superiority of the primary index results in the attraction of the blade 59
  • cam-operated contacts by which the grids of the pentodes are connected to the cathode resistances of the thyratrons form part of separate circuits. There are therefore two camoperated contacts CGRU and CGSU for the order of the units, and two cam-operated contacts CGRDand CGSD for the order of the tens, and
  • the pentodes of the circuit for comparing the units bear the references VUP and VUS (primary and secondary units), while VDP and VDS similarly apply to those for the primary tens and secondary tens, and so on for the other unit orders.
  • the comparison relays bear the references RPU (primary units), RSU (secondary units), RPD (primary tens), RSD (secondary tens) and so on. They are energised on the primary side by the closing of the contacts 5001) and on the secondary side by the closing of 500a.
  • the holding circuits are no longer required, and the contacts breaking the anode feed circuits of the thyratrons are no longer controlled by the comparison relays, but by the relays 335 and 339 ( Figure 31)).
  • Figure 3b shows the contact "If cutting of! the anode feed of the primary thyratrons when the feed of the secondary thyratrons is higher, and the contact 339! cutting off the anode feed of the secondary thyratrons when the feed of the primary thyratron is higher.
  • each pair of comparison relays such I asRPU and RSU or RDP and RSD controls the movement of a pair of alternating contacts such as REUa, b RSU, b etc. ( Figure 3b), which combine to form a chain having one input and three outputs identical to that described in the aforesaid patent application.
  • This chain of alternating contacts ensures, on the simultaneous comparison of all the primary and secondary unit orders, priority of the highest order where an inequality is detected.
  • the current set up by 0G4 towards the point l-3 follows the succession of closed contacts a until it finds one which is open and the corresponding closed contact b. According to whether it is a contact controlled by a primary or secondary relay which has been moved, it is the relay 339 or the relay 335 which is energised, and it is known that this results in the forward feed of the secondary or primary cards at the end of the cycle.
  • the anode feed of the appropriate group of thyratrons is cut off either by 3351 or by 33% in the case of inequality, or the anode feed of the two groups is cut off by 3341 in the case of complete equality of the primary and secondary indices.
  • the further operation is similar to that'described with reference to the first embodiment.
  • the present 14 storage and comparing arrangement may be readily and advantageously adapted to a machine dealing with cards on which the indices are rep-- resented in each column by one or more holes positioned in accordance with the code.
  • One or more perforations are then necessary to represent the digits 1 to 9 in accordance with the following code:
  • This application only involves the reduction of the number of thyratrons required for one recording group.
  • the thyratrons 4 and 3 are set in operation and deliver respectively currents proportional to 4 and to 3. Since these currents both pass through the common resistance RK, the potential difference set up across the terminals of this resistance is proportional to their sum, that is to say, to 7. It is therefore clear that the processes of comparison previously dsoribed may remain unchanged.
  • the advantages of this method reside in a considerable reduction of the number of recording thyratrons and an increase in the output of the machine since the recording phase only necessitates 4 points of the cycle of the machine instead of 10.
  • a pair of storage units for storing control data from said cards, each storage unit comprising a distributor device and circuit connections, a series of gaseous discharge tubes adapted separately to be rendered conductive by means of a reading impulse from said reading means and said distributor device and connections, a common cathode resistance for all the tubes of a unit, separate anode load resistances, one for each tube, for determiningacross said common cathode resistance, when one tube has been rendered conductive, a data representing voltage different in relation to the.
  • control data read data comparing.
  • means comprising two vacuum electron tubes, each associated with one of said recording'units andadapted to be acted upon by said data representing voltage determined inthe associated storage unit, and an electromagnetic controlling device for, controlling the subsequent operation of the machine according to the relationshipv between the respective anode. currents of said two vacuum electron tubes.
  • each storage unit comprising commutator means operated synchronously with said feeding means, a plurality of gaseous discharge tubes normally extinguished, each tube being assigned to a different index value of the cards and the firing of the tubebeinginitiated when a voltage impulse is applied to its control grid, electric circuit connections between said reading means and the slip ringof said commutator means and between segments of said commutator means and the control grids .of said tubes to transmit to said grids the impulses delivered by said reading means, a loadresistance for each tube, each resistance being'of different value in relation to the index value assigned to each tube, a resistance f012n-- ing-a common output load for all the tubes of a imit, for the generation across said resistance, when anyone of said tubes is fired, a voltage re lated to the magnitude of the index value read as
  • each storage unit comprising commutator means operated synchronously with said feeding means, a plurality of gaseous discharge tubes, each tube being adapted to become conductive when a pulse representative of a read digit of corresponding value is applied to its control grid, electric circuit connections between segments of said commutatormeans and the control grids of said tubes for modifying momentarily the biassing of said grids, a load resistance in the anode circuit of each of said tubes, each resistance being of different-value in relation to the digit assigned'to each tube, a load resistance common to the cathode circuits of the tubesof a unit for generating across said resistance, when anyone of said tubes has become conductive, a voltage in proportion to the magnitude of the digit read as soon as the biassingof the grid ofthe corresponding tube is modified, andineans common to bothstorage units for sensing the relationship
  • electric circuit connections including said cyclically controlled contacts for applying, in the comparison phase of a cycle, the voltages available at the terminals of saiditwo common resistances to the control grid of each ofsaid vacuum tubes, a differential electromagnetic relay having t ⁇ V0 0p-' posed coils respectively'energized by theanode current flows of said vacuum tubes and jointly acting uponitsarmature, said armature occupying a middle positionprior to a comparison or whenthe data compared are equal and occupying one of two positions, removed from said middle position, when the data compared are unequal, and machine control means operating.
  • a multidenominationalv designation datum In a cyclically operable card collating machine, with card feeding and reading means for feeding and reading two cards each bearing, a multidenominationalv designation datum; two groups of storage units arranged in pairs, each group being adapted to store one designation datum, and each pair corresponding to a denominational order to be compared, each.
  • commutator means operated synchronously with said feeding means, a plurality of gaseous discharge tubes, each tube being assigned to become conductive when a pulse representative of a digit of corresponding value isbeing applied to its control grid, electric circuit connections between segments of said oommutator means and the control grids of said tubes for applying said reading pulses to said grids, a load resistance in the anode circuit of each or" said tubes, each resistance being of different value in relation to the digit assigned to each of said tubes, a load resistance common to the cathode circuits of the tubes of a unit, at the terminals of which resistance appears a constant voltage in relation with the magnitude of the digit read as soon as a tube of said unit has received a reading: pulse, data comparing means rendered operative after the reading.
  • said comparing means comprising two vacuum tubes with identical operating characteristics, electric circuit connections including said cyclically controlled contacts for applying. successively, in .the comparison phase of acycle, the voltages available at the terminals of the pairs of said common cathode resistances to the control grid of each of said vacuum tubes, beginning with the cathode voltagesiappearing at the pairof the highest denominational order, a.
  • each comparing device comprising two vacuum tubes with identical operating characteristics, electric circuit connections including cyclically actuated contacts for applying the steady voltages built upon the circuits of a pair of storage elements separately to the control grids of the two associated vacuum tubes; a diflerential electromagnetic relay with two opposed coils respectively energized by the anode current deliveries of said vacuum tubes; a relay armature under control of said coils and arranged to assume one of two

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  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
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US201142A 1949-12-29 1950-12-16 Storing and comparing arrangement for collating and the like machines Expired - Lifetime US2597647A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2990957A (en) * 1955-12-20 1961-07-04 Ibm Record card sorting collator

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2990957A (en) * 1955-12-20 1961-07-04 Ibm Record card sorting collator

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BE499906A (de)
FR1007473A (fr) 1952-05-06

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