US2595977A - Stabilizing wool against shrinkage - Google Patents

Stabilizing wool against shrinkage Download PDF

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Publication number
US2595977A
US2595977A US108236A US10823649A US2595977A US 2595977 A US2595977 A US 2595977A US 108236 A US108236 A US 108236A US 10823649 A US10823649 A US 10823649A US 2595977 A US2595977 A US 2595977A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
wool
fibers
socks
shrinkage
staple
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US108236A
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English (en)
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EIDP Inc
Original Assignee
EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL72613D priority Critical patent/NL72613C/xx
Application filed by EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co filed Critical EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Priority to US108236A priority patent/US2595977A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2595977A publication Critical patent/US2595977A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
    • D02G3/04—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2211/00—Protein-based fibres, e.g. animal fibres
    • D10B2211/01—Natural animal fibres, e.g. keratin fibres
    • D10B2211/02—Wool
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2321/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D10B2321/10—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polymers of unsaturated nitriles, e.g. polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene cyanide
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S8/00—Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
    • Y10S8/21—Nylon
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2904—Staple length fiber

Definitions

  • This invention relates to highly useful products comprising wool and polyacrylonitrile fibers and in particular to woolen materials which are stable to shrinkage.
  • wool and other natural hair fibers have a' rough scaly surface, these scales being aligned inone direction along-the fiber axis.
  • the felting shrinkage of wool can be reduced toinsignificance by at least partial obliteration of the scales.
  • the surface of wool fibers can be changed by acid or alkali treatments which result in the attendant diminution of shrinkage in articles prepared from these woolen fibers.
  • drastic treatments also affect some of the desirable properties of wool and render it unsuitable for use in its normally broad line of applications.
  • a second and more widely used chemical treatment for shrinkproofing wool comprises resin impregnation.
  • woolen articles are impregnated with a resinous material, such as a condensation product of melamine and formaldehyde, which theoretically fills up the scales on the wool fiber and thereby forms a smooth surface.
  • a modification of this procedure comprises impregnating the wool fibers with a vinyl-type monomer and a polymerization catalyst and thereafter heating the material to form a polymer in situ. These treatments, however, tend to change the drape and hang of the woolen goods.
  • The. objects of this invention are accomplished by blending with wool as little as 15% of a staple Continuous filament polyacrylonitrile yarn, ISO-denier, prepared bydry-spinning a 20% solution of, the polymer in dimethyl formamide, was combined into a 2,250-denier ropewhich was then drawnsix times its length in an atmospheric steam-drawing chamber. Staple chips were cut from this material and boiled for approximately 15 minutes in water. This boiling treatment removed the residual solvent in the yarn and crinkled the fibers. A lubricating and antistatic yarn finish was applied to the staple, after which the fibers were dried. This polyacrylonitrile fiber staple was 1.5-denier per filamentand 1.5" in length.
  • the test was carried out in the following manner: The socks were relaxed by wetting out in an aqueous bath at 80 F. containing 1% of Peregal, a polyether alcohol wetting agent manufactured by General Dyestuffs Corporation, for 20 minutes. The socks were dried on a horizontal wire screen without stretching. This procedure is necessary to eliminate the errors in shrinkage determination due to over or under boarding. The length of the socks was then measured on a Schiefer machine. This device is illustrated and described in the Federal standard stock catalogue, section 4, part 5, under CCC-T-191A. The socks were then laundered in a Smith rotating drum machine for 2 hours at 140 F.
  • the bath contained 100 grams of olate flake (a very low titer, neutral flake soap), 20 grams of soda ash (to promote felting) and 15 grams of sodium hexametaphosphate (water softener).
  • the socks were then given two 5- minute rinses in water at 140 F. After drying on a screen in a non-stretched condition, they were again measured on the Schiefer machine. Four additional 2-hour launderings were made in the same manner as described above. The results of these tests are given in Table II as average shrinkage in per cent:
  • Table II Average Per Cent Shrinkage 4 then tested one time for residual shrinkage by the method described in Federal specification CCC-T191A.
  • Table III contains the results of these tests:
  • a 24% solution of 95/5 acrylonitrile/Z-vinyl pyridine copolymer in dimethyl formamide was dry spun and drawn 4.25 its length in an atmospheric steam chamber.
  • the drawn fibers in the form of a 38,000 denier tow, were passed into a mechanical crimper, imparting 10-12 crimps per inch, cut into staple chips, a lubricating antistatic yarn finish applied, and the staple chips finally dried.
  • This fiber staple was 3 d. p. f. and 2.5" in length.
  • the remaining portion of the above 95/5 acrylonitrile/2-vinyl pyridine copolymer staple Item G of this table comprised socks prepared from nylon and 65% grade 64s wool top as described above.
  • the shrinkage results for the nylon/wool blend socks are entered here for comparative purposes.
  • EXAMPLE II This example is designed to show that the finishing treatment given the socks has little or no effect on the shrinkage unless a special shrinkproofing treatment is used.
  • Socks for this test were prepared in the manner described in Example I from two yarn samples, one containing 65% wool and 35% polyacrylonitrile staple and the other containing 65% wool and 35% nylon staple. Some of each of these socks were preboarded and some were not preboarded during finishing. In addition, some of the nylon/wool socks were preboarded and given a shrinkproofing treatment. These socks were Table IV Fl er Clent m.
  • Tests for resistance to abrasive wear at the toe cap were made by mounting the samples over a metal surface and causing them to oscillate mechanically back and forth in contact with a wearing surface of special hosiery abrasive fabric held under an initial tension of nine pounds.
  • Table V are listed the number of single strokes necessary to wear holes in the toe caps of the various socks.
  • copolymers of acrylonitrile may be used providing they contain at least 85% of acrylonitrile and up to 15% of copolymerizable monomers such as vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, acrylic and methacrylic acids or derivatives and homologues thereof, styrene, methyl vinyl ketone, vinyl pyridines such as 2-vinyl, 4-vinyl, 5-ethyl- 2-vinyl, or 2-methyl5-viny1 pyridine and isobutylene or other similar polymerizable hydrocarbons.
  • the polymers of acrylonitrile employed possess an average molecular weight of from 25,000 to 750,000 or even higher and preferably between 40,000 to 250,000 as calculated from the Staudinger equation.
  • polyacrylonitrile and acrylonitrile/vinyl pyridine copolymers are preferred.
  • the wool/acrylonitrile polymer blends must be made as described above, that is, with staple. Blending of continuous filament polyacrylonitriles with wool is ineffective. This and the fact that so little of the acrylonitril polymer yarns are effective as compared to previously used diluents are indeed surprising.
  • the socks prepared from blends of wool with polyacrylonitrile staple fibers and used in the above-described tests possessed a good hand and drape and were warm to the touch. In addition. they possessed the desirable physical properties of wool. It can be readily seen from the examples that this invention provides a perdominately wool yarn retaining its wool-like properties, which is dimensionally stable to shrinkage normally at tendant to washing. In fact, yarns and fabrics comprising wool and as little as 15% polyacrylonitrile staple yarn do not shrink when given rather strenuous laundering treatments, and no special care is needed when washing these articles. In contrast to chlorinated wool, the yarns and fabrics of this invention possess an increased resistance to abrasion. This entirely new and un' expected phenomenon has boundless utility and represents a notable advance of extreme importance to the apparel field.
  • a blend of fibers comprising wool fibers and from 15% to 40% by weight of said blend of staple fibers prepared from an acrylonitrile polymer containing at least acrylonitrile.
  • a blend of fibers comprising wool fibers and from 15 to 30% by weight of said blend of staple fibers prepared from polyacrylonitrile.
  • a blend of fibers comprising wool fibers and from 15% to 30% by weight of said blend of staple fibers prepared from polyacrylonitrile having a molecular weight from 40,000 to 250,000.
  • a blend of fibers comprising wool fibers and from 30 to 40% by weight of said blend of staple fibers prepared from a copolymer containing at least 85% acrylonitrile and up to 15% 2-vinyl pyridine.
  • a blend of fibers comprising wool fibers and from 30% to 40% by weight of said blend of staple fibers prepared from a copolymer containing acrylonitrile and 5% 2-vinyl pyridine.
  • a process for producing a woolen yarn of low shrinkage which comprises blending wool fibers with from 15% to 40% by weight based on the resultant blend of staple fibers prepared from an acrylonitrile polymer containing at least 8.5% acrylonitrile and converting the resultant blend of fibers into a yarn.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
US108236A 1949-08-02 1949-08-02 Stabilizing wool against shrinkage Expired - Lifetime US2595977A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL72613D NL72613C (en(2012)) 1949-08-02
US108236A US2595977A (en) 1949-08-02 1949-08-02 Stabilizing wool against shrinkage

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US108236A US2595977A (en) 1949-08-02 1949-08-02 Stabilizing wool against shrinkage

Publications (1)

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US2595977A true US2595977A (en) 1952-05-06

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2943378A (en) * 1955-09-08 1960-07-05 Miller Gladys Davis High lift fabric for laminated lubricator wick
US3008215A (en) * 1958-01-31 1961-11-14 Du Pont Antistatic textile material
US3046724A (en) * 1958-04-23 1962-07-31 Du Pont Yarn for novel fabrics
US3386797A (en) * 1965-07-19 1968-06-04 Rohm & Haas Fibrous textile products
US3653955A (en) * 1968-05-20 1972-04-04 Deering Milliken Res Corp Antistatic fiber treatments
US4002019A (en) * 1974-07-22 1977-01-11 Patentverwertungs-Ag Der Spinnerei Am Uznaberg Method of making yarns from angora rabbit's-wool and yarns so made

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2404714A (en) * 1942-06-17 1946-07-23 Du Pont Polymer products
US2420565A (en) * 1943-02-20 1947-05-13 Carbide & Carbon Chem Corp Synthetic textile articles
US2471959A (en) * 1948-01-15 1949-05-31 Du Pont Polymerizations employing azo compounds as catalysts

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2404714A (en) * 1942-06-17 1946-07-23 Du Pont Polymer products
US2420565A (en) * 1943-02-20 1947-05-13 Carbide & Carbon Chem Corp Synthetic textile articles
US2471959A (en) * 1948-01-15 1949-05-31 Du Pont Polymerizations employing azo compounds as catalysts

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2943378A (en) * 1955-09-08 1960-07-05 Miller Gladys Davis High lift fabric for laminated lubricator wick
US3008215A (en) * 1958-01-31 1961-11-14 Du Pont Antistatic textile material
US3046724A (en) * 1958-04-23 1962-07-31 Du Pont Yarn for novel fabrics
US3386797A (en) * 1965-07-19 1968-06-04 Rohm & Haas Fibrous textile products
US3653955A (en) * 1968-05-20 1972-04-04 Deering Milliken Res Corp Antistatic fiber treatments
US4002019A (en) * 1974-07-22 1977-01-11 Patentverwertungs-Ag Der Spinnerei Am Uznaberg Method of making yarns from angora rabbit's-wool and yarns so made

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Publication number Publication date
NL72613C (en(2012))

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