US2592838A

US2592838A - Loading mechanism for pneumatic guns

Info

Publication number: US2592838A
Application number: US35593A
Authority: US
Inventors: William S Wells
Original assignee: Daisy Manufacturing Co
Current assignee: Daisy Manufacturing Co
Priority date: 1948-06-28
Filing date: 1948-06-28
Publication date: 1952-04-15
Anticipated expiration: 1969-04-15

Description

April 15, 1952 w. s. WELLS 2,592,838

LOADING MECHANISM FOR PNEUMATIC GUNS Filed June 28, 1948 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1 IN VEN TOR. W/AZ/An 5. 14 5445 April 1952 w. s. WELLS 2,592,838

7 LOADING MECHANISM FOR PNEUMATIC GUNS Filed June 28, 948 2 SHEETSSHEET 2 INVENTOR. W/u/AM 5. W544:

Patented Apr. 15, 1952 LOADING -M-ECHANISM FORr-PNEUluATIC GUNS,. v

Willianv S- Wells} Palo Alto cans-. assign'or to Daisy: lVIz'inufa-cturing-v Company; Plymouth}?- Michaiazzcornoration of Michigan:-

AppIi'cationJfineJZS, 1948; Serial No. 35,593?" I Thisinvention relates generalljr to pneumatically-operated-guns' and refers'more particularly to improvements in the-loading mechanism? for repeatingtypes" of *pneumatic guns:- -"Pneumatically:operated' guns-of the repeater" type are*usually provided with a barrel through which shot the formofpellets "are propelled at':considerable -ve1ocity*b'y air under substantial pressure and also" provided*with' a magazine adapted to contain a multiplicity" of Y pellets tin end toiendrelationship. Y The delivery end "of "the magazineisusually connected :to'the "breech'endi of the barrel by arecess'liavin'gtadepth-slightly" greatergthan the length of ?the' pelletimorderto accommodate one pellet at"a= time: The pellet deposited in" the recessrirom" the delivery end of the" magazine is ordinarily transferred" to the breech 'end'of the-barrel by a mechanism which? may: be'operated "in responseto manipulatiom of f the 'guncockingmechanism:

Heretofore, considerable difiicultyhasheen-encountered in repeatedly transfrringpellets from: the delivery'end ofthe imagazinetto the breechend of "thebarrel without occasionally jamming: one of the pellets in either "the'recess"or the" delivery'end ofthemagazine. Due-'to manufac tiiringdnaccuracies -of the pellets; thedatter fre q'uentlyrvary in length 5 and" mayjeither "-b'ecome cockedin'the transfer recess ormay-not"be-;com*-' pletely' released fronr the delivery end ofthe* magazine'depending upon whether the'pelletsare"- longer? onshorter than normal;

With the above in view; ,it'is ne of'theobjects of :the present invention-to reduce to-a"minimu'm" ai y tendency for at-pellet -to -j am in the transfer recess regardless" of variationsin. length; of *the pellets: In accordance"with the present invene, tion, provisionis' made ior guidingmovement of" the s pellets-into" the transfe'rrecessand torretaining "the *pellets' in position the'- recess'for engagement by "the transfer-mechanism:

Aiurther objecfi of this invention-is= to-asso ciate the pellet guiding means withthe pinusuah lyprovided'for advancing a pellet from the breech end of the'b'arrel'to a firing position-ih'the barrel.

The foregoing "as "well' as other objects will be made more-apparentasthis"description-proceeds; especially when considered connection with theiiaccompanying"drawings, wherein-z Eigure" 1 .is-arv fragmentary sectional view of I the'breech" endpf a--pneumaticallyoperated gun" of Figured:

} Figure3' is-r-a second'iView similar' to Fi'gurefi showing; the parts' in:'-a-diffe'rezrt" position' of ad jostment;

- Figure isra sectional "View tak'en on the line Figure 5-'is a"sect-iona'1 View similai-rto Fi'guref showingthe 'partst in-- adifferentposition:

Figure 6'1 is also: a sectional view similar" to Figure? 4" showing; the; parts still" another" position; and

The pneumaticallyoperated .gun' selectedhere=- in for the: purpose" of "illustration is" of the re* form of pelletswof orthodox design? Assh'OWn-in the-drawings, the: pellets are providediwith rounded heads -I-I atth'e frontends1.thereof"andi are "formed iwith' outwardly; fiarirrg .;tub'ular skirt" portions to S at ithe rear. ends: a

Inasmuch as; the presenVinventi'on concerns: itself primarilywvith the...pellet loading mechamis'm only the breech? end'bf the" gun" is" shown in" detail herein anditheair pressure control means? is merely illustrated generally. Briefly; the gun: comprises a' frame Ifl having; a barrel I i of'a' size enablingnpellets P tobe successively propelled thereth'rougH-at considerable *velocitydby air "un.'-

der'v pressure and having a magazine I 21' spaced" laterallyv from. the barrelfi Iin a common planet with the latter; The" magazine I2 "is; adaptedito A contain a.mu1tiplicity0f pellets Piin'l end to. end relationships andfjthe delivery, end foffthe magaa zirie communioatesiwith the breechtend'iioiiithe. barrel! I byfa'recess'formedJinthe frame 'I The width'pf lhe recess: I 3"is'1sutficientlrgreater than". thelngthiof 'awpelletP' to .free1y receive the latter; as shown in Fi'gure 5*0ffthevdrawings;

Tli'eirearwardinost ltpell'et *Pin the-delivery V end'fi of the magazine. It isi'depositedwithin" the recess" I 3tbyjtip'pinggthe muzzle end 'ofthe gunt'upwardlj' g sufii'ciently to enable the"p,ellet to drop into the. 1 recess by the action of gravity: The pell'etthus deposited withintlie 'recessI 3"is movediinwardly i throughth'e recess'intoichebreech endof thebaw anchored on the gun frame by a lug l9 and the other arm of the spring is anchored on the plate 15 by a lug 20. Movement of the plate or arm 15 in a shot transferring direction by the spring 18 is limited by engagement of the projection H with a shoulder 2| formed on the portion 22 of the gun frame at the rear side of the recess 13. Extending downwardly from the projection H into the recess i3 is an angular lug 23 having a pellet engaging flange 24 and having an inwardly extending flange 25 at the rear edge thereof. As shown in Figure 6 of the drawings, the flange 25 is adapted to assume a position opposite the delivery end of the magazine l2 when the transfer arm is in its innermost position shown in Figure 3 of the drawings. Thus, the flange 25 serves to retain the rearwardmost pellet P in the delivery end of the magazine l2 while a pellet is transferred through the recess I3 into the barrel ll.

When the transfer arm I5 is in its normal posi tion shown in Figure 2 of the drawings, the lug 23 is located in the recess l3 laterally outwardly from the delivery end of the magazine l2. In this normal position of the lug 23, the latter does not interfere with movement of a pellet' from the delivery end of the magazine into the recess and the flange 24 is positioned for engagement with the pellet deposited in the recess. Inasmuch as the lug is normally located laterally outwardly with respect to a pellet P deposited in the recess I3, it follows that movement of the arm 15 from the position shown in Figure 2 of the drawings to the position shown in Figure 3 advances the pellet in the recess 1 3 to the breech end of the barrel II.

In accordance with this invention, the pellet introduced into the breech end of the barrel II is advanced to the flring position shown in Figure 4 of the drawings by a pin 26. The pin 23 is slidably supported in the breech end of the barrel H and the rear end of the pin is connected to a block 21. The block 21 is suitably supported on the gun frame ill for sliding movement and is secured to a slide 28. The slide 28 is in the form of an inverted channel shaped grip and the opposite side walls thereof are respectively slidably supported on opposite sides of thegun frame at the breech end of the latter.

The slide 28 also operates to swing the arm 15 to its normal position against the action of the spring [8 and to hold the arm in this normal position until the slide is retracted to the position shown in Figure 3 of the drawings. For accomplishing this result. a cam 30 is secured to the slide 28 in a position to engage the side edge 3| of the arm l5 opposite the side edge from which the lug 23 projects. The side edge 3| on the arm I5 is arcuate and is adapted to be engaged by the cam 30 as the slide 28 is moved from its rearwardmost position shown in Figure 3 of the drawings to its forwardmost position shown in Figure 2 of the drawings.

' One of the advantageous features of the present invention is to retain therearwardmost pellet P in the delivery end of the magazine l2 when the transfer arm 15 is in its normal position shown in Figure 2 of the drawings and to. in effect, guide the pellet into the recess where it may be engaged by the lug 23 before any tendency exists for the pellet to cock in the recess i3 and jam the loading mechanism. For accomplishing the above results a lug 32' in the form of a plate or blade is secured to the rear end of the -pin 26 and projects laterally from the pin in the direction of the recess I3. The location of the plate 32 on the pin 26 is such that when the latter is in its advanced position in the barrel ll (Figure 4 of the drawings), the front edge of the plate occupies a position in the recess l3 at the inner side of the transfer lug 23 and directly opposite the delivery end of the magazine l2. The front edge of the blade 32 is provided with a forwardly extending projection 34 which extends into the delivery end of the magazine l2 and projects into the skirt of the rearwardmost pellet in the magazine.

It follows from the foregoing that as the slide 28 is moved rearwardly to retract the pellet positioning pin 26 from the barrel H, the plate 32 moves rearwardly away from the delivery end of the magazine. However, the projection 34 is retained in the skirt of the pellet P and serves to guide the same into the recess 13. It will be understood that the portion 22 of the gun frame is slotted to provide suificient clearance foroperation of the blade 32. It will also be noted that the cam 30 is of sufficient length to maintain the arm l5 in its normal position while the blade 32 is retracted sufficiently to guide a pellet into the recess. In practice, the length of the cam 30 is predetermined to initiate swinging movement of the arm [5 just as the projection 34 on the plate 32 is withdrawn from the skirt of the pellet so that the pellet is immediately engaged by the lug 23 and transferred to the barrel l I before it has an opportunity to become cocked in the recess l3.

In the present instance, rearward movement of the s1ide28 to the position indicated in Figure 3 of the drawings performs the additional function of cocking the gun. Briefly, the cocking mechanism comprises a hammer 35 supported on a rod 36 for sliding movement fore and aft of the gun frame. The hammer 35 has an enlarged head 3'! at the rear end and is normally urged by a coil spring 33 in a forward direction against an anvil 33 secured to the rod 36. The coil spring 38 is supported on the rod 36 between the head 31 on the hammer and a block 40 at the breech end of the gun frame. The hammer is moved rearwardly to compress the spring 38 in response to rearward movement of the slide 28 by an abutment 4| secured to the bottom of the block 21 in a position to engage the enlarged end 31' of the hammer. The hammer is held in its rearwardmost position wherein the spring 33 is compressed by an arm 42 pivoted at one end to the gun frame and having the free end extending rearwardly for engagement with the front side of the head 31 on the hammer. The arm 42 is released from the hammer 35 by the usual trigger arrangement in dicated generally by the numeral 43.

Immediately upon release of the hammer 31 from engagement with the arm 42, the coil spring throws the hammer forwardly along the rod 36 into engagement with the anvil 39. In the present instance, the anvil 39 is operatively connected to a valve 44 located within the storage chamber 45 for air under pressure and adapted to close the outlet passage 46 for this chamber. The outlet passage 46 is connected to the barrel II at a point rearwardly behind the firing position of the pellet P so that air under pressure discharged into the barrel acts on the rear end of the pellet P and forces the latter through the barrel with considerable velocity.

The foregoing construction is such that rearward movement of the slide 28 from its forwardmost positions shown in Figures 1 and 2 of the drawings performs three functions as follows: (1) releases the pellet transfer arm to permit operation of the latter by the spring l8; (2) retracts shot positioning pin and shot retaining blade 32; and (3) cooks the gun mechanism. On the other hand, return movement of the slide 28 swings the arm l5 back to its normal position shown in Figure 2 of the drawings, moves the pin 26 forwardly in the barrel to advance the shot or pellet to a firing position forwardly beyond the air discharge passage, and moves the plate 32 in retaining relationship with the rearwardmost pellet P in the magazine l2.

What I claim as my invention is:

1. A pneumatic g-un comprising a, frame having a barrel, a magazine spaced laterally from the barrel and adapted to retain a pluralit of skirted pellets in end to end relation with the skirt portions extending rearwardly, a recess connecting the delivery end of the magazine to the breech end of the barrel, a member supported for sliding movement in directions fore and aft of the barrel, an extension on said member responsive to movement of the member to its forwardmost position to project into the skirt end of the rearwardmost pellet in the magazine and responsive to initial movement of the member rearwardly and upward tilting of the barrel muzzle end to guide said pellet into the recess, means at the rear side of the recess for disengaging the pellet from the extension upon continued rearward movement of the member, and means operating in timed relation to disengagement of the extension from said pellet to transfer the latter into the breech end of the barrel.

2. A pneumatic gun comprising a frame having a barrel, 3, magazine spaced laterally from the barrel and adapted to retain a plurality of skirted pellets in end to end relation with the skirt portions extending rearwardly, a reces connecting the delivery end of the magazine to the breech end of the barrel, a member supported for sliding movement in directions fore and aft of the barrel, an extension on said member responsive to movement of the member to its forwardmost position to project into the skirt end of the rearwardmost pellet in the magazine and responsive to initial movement of the member rearwardly and upward tilting of the barrel muzzle end to guide said pellet into the recess, means at F the rear side of the recess for disengaging the pellet from the extension upon continued rearward movement of the member, and means responsive to said continued movement of the member in a rearward direction to engage the pellet at approximately the same time the skirt of the pellet is disengaged from the extension and to transfer said pellet into the breech end of the barrel.

3. A pneumatic gun comprising a frame having a barrel, a magazine spaced laterally from the barrel and adapted to retain a plurality of skirted pellets in end to end relation with the skirt portions extending rearwardly, a recess connecting the delivery end of the magazine to the breech end of the barrel, a member supported for sliding movement longitudinally of the barrel at the breech end of the gun frame in a plane including the axis of the delivery end of the magazine, a slot in the portion of the gun frame forming the rear wall of the recess providing clearance for the passage of said member and having a depth less than the diameter of the pellet, an extension on said member adapted to project into the skirt portion of the rearwardmost pellet within the delivery end of the magazine when the member is in its forwardmost position and responsive to initial rearward movement of the member and upward tilting of the barrel muzzle end to guide said pellet into the recess against the rear wall of the recess, and transfer means engageable with the pellet at about the same time the extension is withdrawn from the pellet skirt for moving the pellet along the recess to the breech end of the barrel.

4. A pneumatic gun comprising a frame having a barrel, a magazine spaced laterally from the barrel and adapted to retain a plurality of skirted pellets in end to end relation with the skirt portions extending rearwardly, a recess connecting the delivery end of the magazine to the breech end of the barrel, a shot positioning pin supported for sliding movement within the breech end of the barrel, a part extending laterally outwardly from one side of the pin and movable into the recess toa position in obstructing relationship to the delivery end of the magazine in response to movement of the pin to its forwardmost position within the gun barrel, an extension on said part at the front edge of the latter adapted to project into the skirt portion of the pellet at the delivery end of the magazine in the forwardmost position of the part and responsive to initial retracting movement of the pin and upward tilting of the barrel muzzle end to guide said pellet into the recess, and transfer means engageable with the pellet at about the same time the extension is retracted from the skirt of the pellet for moving the pellet into the breech end of the barrel in advance of said pin.

5. A pneumatic gun comprising a frame having a barrel, a magazine spaced laterally from the barrel and adapted to retain a plurality of skirted pellets in end to end relation with the skirt portions extendin rearwardly, a recess connecting the delivery end of the magazine to the breech end of the barrel, a member supportedfor sliding movement in directions fore and aft of the barrel, an element connected to said member and having a portion thereof projecting into the skirt end of the rearmost pellet in the magazine when said member is in its forwardmost position, said element being movable rearwardly upon rearward movement of said member to guide the pellet into the recess, upon upward tilting of the barrel muzzle end of the gun, and means for transferring the pellet to the breech end of the barrel after the pellet has been guided into the recess.

WILLIAM S. WELLS.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 981,418 Hazelrigg Jan. 10, 1911 1,146,753 Dickey July 13, 1915 1,509,257 Randall Sept. 23, 1924 1,512,993 McLean Oct. 28, 1924 1,677,810 Bond July 17, 1928 2,320,403 Brewer June 1, 1943