US2590683A - Tunnel lining form - Google Patents

Description

March 25, 1952 P' I I 2,590,683

v TUNNEL LINING FORM Filed Feb. 21. 1949 I 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 R. E. CLAPP March 25, 1952 TUNNEL LINING FORM 3 Sheets-Sheet. 5

Filed Feb. 21. 1949,:

attorney;

Patented Mar. 25, 1952 UNITED STAT E S PATE NT F F I C E TUNNEL. .LINING FORM" Ralph' EI Clapp, Spokane,- Wash.

Application February 21, 1949; Serial No. 77,533

This invention relates; to lining tunnels: with; concreteheld' inzplace 'by improved forms while drying and setting.

At the presenfitime'it-iscustomaryto line tum nels'witl'i concretev but 'due'.to the methodsiused" and" the 'formsemployed it is notipossible'. to use the tunnels while' they are being, lined: or; por tions of "a lining; replaced;

An. object of the invention is to provide" an improved iarch forming form so constructed that. it' may be easily erectedand firmly supported upontfraines anchored'to linings previously appliedto opposite'side walls of "atunnel;

Anotherobject of the invention is toprovidean arch-forming form which is braced. against" collapsinggandgmay serve as a carrier'for scaffold. boards for use by workmen during" application of concreteto form the archof a' tunnel.

Another object'of the invention is .to' provide improved arch-forms which are strong and not liable to be broken by; the weight of concrete applied to thewalls and" the arch" or top of a" tunnel;

The inventionis illustrated: in the accompany ing drawings wherein:

Fig; lisv a transverse sectionalview 'of walllinings formed with forms, of the; improved: con..- struction.

Fig." 21" is a transverse sectional view showing an arch-forming form 'of "theiinproved 'construc tion'sup'ported'in'position forusez' Fig; 3 isa fragmentary sectional view-upon an" enlarged scale showing the ,manner in which-sides of the; archeformingiorm are connected with supporting frames:

Fig. 4 is" a fragmentary view in" elevation of a wall-forming form; braces fdr thesamei' being?" insection;

Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken"v verticallythroughFigure 2'."

The tunnelJ illustrated in the accompanying drawings" represents" a railroadtunnel through which a singlsrtrack- 2f has been'laldupoma' road bed: 3: butiit-will: be u-n'derstood that "other specific types of ff tunnels 'tmay, 'be'lined' by. use of the improved forms-and" in accordance with theimprovedmethodi A fOOtil'lgOFll'hSEiW of concreteis laid along 'opnosite sides of "the bottomi of the Ti tunnel and each has ailedge r; shoulder 5;" the" upperfacerofthe base being formed with a longitudlnally extending; groove f or" key way 7 6: Afterthe footingsor JbaSe-S haVe diiedQand hard; ened 'wall 'forms Pare erected. upon boards 8 laid along; the; shoulders, and since; these wall? forms? are provided'with rollers 9 they may be easily" 1' Claiim- (Cl. 25131. 5)

' shifted'along the bases longitudinally of the tunnel from one place to another as the walls. of the tunnel are lined with concrete. Before the wall forms are set up in spaced relation to the walls of the tunnel a suitable number of holes lllareformed'in the Walls and'into these holes are driven lead fillers l I which receive anchoring. The bolts are of such length that'they bolts. l2." extendlthrough the wall liners l3 formed of concrete poured into spaces between the forms and the side walls of the tunnel. The forms are'se curedlto the anchor bolts in order to maintain themin a perpendicular, position and after the concrete has set the forms are detached from the boltslandlshifted along the footings to an ad vanced position where another. section of wall lining is formed. Portions of the concrete form. ribs l twhich fit into the key ways or grooves 6 andprevent the liner from shifting transversely, of 'thefootings and upper edge faces of the liners are formed with grooves or key ways l5. While thenewly poured concrete issetting frames I6 are erected upon the ledges of the footings and.

anchored to the upper anchor bolts I2. A transversely arcuate arch-forming form I1 is then erected upon the frames and space between this form and the arch or top of the tunnel filled with concrete which is supported by the arch form untillithas set and hardened to form the arch liner. I8 which has its side edge faces formed with tongues. l9 fitting into the grooves l5 of the wall liners; to establish interfitting engagement between sides of the arch liner andupper ends of It will thus be seen that afterarch form and each arch section formed while wall liner sectionsin' advance of it are being:

poured. and allowed to set. This saves timejin' the formation of a complete liner. for'a'tunnel and asthe forms do not obstruct the tunnel I trainsyvehicles; and other trafiic'may haveuse'.

shoulder. 5to the junction of a sidewall of the tunnel to the adjoiningside orthe arch of Ithea tunneL; The length of each wall form is sufficient.

to allowa liner section [3 of appreciable length 3 to be formed but also of such length that the form may be conveniently shifted to an advanced position after a liner section has dried. Studdings 20 extend vertically in transverse spaced relation to each other and have their ends secured to upper plate 2I and lower sill 22. To the studdings and the timbers are secured sheets of plywood or other material to form a facing 23 disposed in confronting relation to the wall of the tunnel so that when concrete is poured into space between the tunnel wall and the wall form and allowed to .dry and set the wall lining I3 formed thereby will have a smooth surface. Timbers 24 are secured against the studdings and extend longitudinally of the form in vertically spaced relation to each other and in downwardly spaced relation to the lowest,timber is mounted a stringer or rail 25 of less thickness than the timbers 24. The timbers 24 are bored to form a plurality of openings 26 which are spaced from each other longitudinally of the timbers, and through each opening passes a bolt or rod 21 having its inner end portion formed with a threaded socket 28 to receive a companion one of the anchor bolts I2 and its outer end portion threaded to receive a nut 29. These bolts are of the same construction as the bolts shown in Figure 3 for securing the frames I6, it being understood that bolts of modifiedconstruction may be used provided they are adapted for threaded connection with the outer ends of the anchor bolts I2. Braces 30 and 3| extend from the lower sill 22 and the rail 25 to a beam or stringer 32, and cooperate with each other to form braces 33, the length of the braces being such that the stringer may have contact with ends of the ties 34 of the track 2. After the concrete has set the bolts 21 are removed and also the braces 33 and a temporary brace 35 indicated by dotted lines in Figure 1 applied'so that the temporary braces which rest upon the rails 36 of the track will support the forms upright while they are being moved upon the rollers 9 along the boards 8 to an advanced position in the tunnel where they will be connected with other anchoring bolts projecting from the walls of the tunnel and concrete poured to form additional lining sections.

The frames I6 which support the arch form I1are mounted upon the boards 8 after the wall forms have been shifted forwardly. Each of these frames has vertically disposed studdings 38 having their upper ends secured to a stringer 39 and their lower ends secured to a sill 40. The studdings are braced by diagonally extending braces M and against upper end portions of the studdings is secured a beam 42 through which additional bolts 21 pass for engagement with outer ends of the upper ones of the anchoring bolts I2. Blocks 43 and companion wedges 44 upon which the frame rests support the frame at such a distance above the board 8 that the bolts may be readily screwed into engagement with the anchoring bolts and also allow the bolts to be easily removed when the frames are to be taken down or shifted forwardly to advanced positions. The frames will therefore be securely held upright and in spaced relation to the exposed surfaces of the wall linings I3. The arch-forming form I1 which is supported upon the frames has a plurality of bridges or arches 45 having ribs or sections 46 nailed in staggered and side by side relation to each other, inner or upper ones of these sections being spaced from each other and connected by a key-section 41. Flanks 48 claimed is:

are secured to the bridges to form a solid skin for the arch form. The space 49 is closed by applying the key-section 41 or plank. A number of blocks 50 are applied between the arch center and ceiling of the tunnel to prevent weight of the concrete from bulging the bridges and the skin out of a true arcuate shape transversely of the tunnel. The thickness of the planks is the same as the space between the frames I6 and the wall linings I3 and the upper ends of these spaces will therefore be closed and leakage of concrete from the arch form prevented. It will thus be seen that when the lining for the arch of the bridge sections project inwardly of the arch form and with these'brackets are engaged removable rods 56 connected by a turn buckle 51. The rods break the form from the set conorete before moving them to the next section to be poured. U-shaped hanger brackets 58 extend downwardly from side portions of the bridges and support timbers 59 which extend longitudinally of the tunnel and beyond the end of the arch form and constitute supports for'scaifold planks 60 upon which workmen may stand while filling space between the 'arch form and the top of the tunnel.

Concrete is applied from the end of the arch form through pipes and is evenly filled on each side of the form to maintain an equal pressure on the form sides. A bulkhead is applied to the 40 ;,open end of the arch form to contain the concrete in the proper area. When thisspace is nearly filled with concrete, the weight thereof causes the form to settle slightly whereupon blocks 50 may be easily removed, and the balance of the space filled with concrete.

After the cementhas set, turnbuckle 51 is actuated to draw rods 56 inwardly thus pulling the sides of arch I1 free from the set concrete. Wedges 44 and blocking 43 are then removed allowing the frames and arch to lower onto rollers or dollies whereupon it may be moved to the next section to be poured, and again raised into position. I

When the cement work is entirely finished. keysection 41 is removed and the horizontal ribs in the top center of the arch unbolted allowing the arch form to be lowered in two sections providing for ease in handling while transporting to another tunnel job.

Having thus described the invention, what is planking extending longitudinally of the forms and secured against outer edge faces of said bridges for supporting concrete in space between 8 the form and the arch of the tunnel, U-shaped hangers depending from said bridges in upwardly and inwardly spaced relation to their ends, beams extending longitudinally of said form and passed downwardly through and thereby supported by 5 said hangers, scaffold boards extending transversely of the form and having opposite ends resting upon and supported by said beams, brackets mounted horizontally in straddling relation to end portions of said bridges and having ends projecting horizontally therefrom inwardly of the form, and rods extending transversely across the form between ends of said bridges and having hooks at their ends engaged with the projecting ends of said brackets, and turnbuckles threaded upon inner ends of said rods for adjusting the rods longitudinally and holding their hooks in firm engagement with the brackets.

RALPH E. CLAPP.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent! UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 982,241 Burk Jan. 24, 1911 1,156,830 Williams et a1 Oct. 12, 1915 1,212,523 Loxterman Jan. 16, 1917 1,277,186 Brynoldt Aug. 27, 1918 1,304,945 Davidson May 27, 1919 1,631,839 Terry June 7, 1927 1,778,099 Webb Oct. 14, 1930 1,867,837 Jackson July 19, 1932 2,306,503 Sarosdy Dec. 29, 1942

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