US2586289A - Zinc sulfamate antiperspirant - Google Patents

Description

Patented Feb. 19, 1952 ZINC SULFAMATE AN TIPERSPIRAN T Lester D. Apperson, Convent Station, N. J., as-

signor to Colgate-Palmolive-Peet Company, Jersey City, N. J a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application May 3, 1949, Serial No. 91,217

4 Claims. (Cl. 16790) This invention relates to cosmetic astringent compositions and more particularly to improvements in anti-perspirant preparations.

Among the many anti-perspirants described as having the property of retarding or inhibiting the flow of perspiration the most effective have been found heretofore to be those containing polyvalent metal salts of strong inorganic acids, e. g. hydrochloric, sulfuric, etc. Cosmetic preparations containing salts of these strong acids, however, have the very serious disadvantage of being corrosive to clothing fabric, e. g., portions of garments which come in contact with areas of the body on which the preparation is applied. This corrosive action is especially noticeable on fabrics containing cellulosic materials such as cotton, rayon and the like. The corrosive effect that is detrimental to fabrics manifests itself particularly where the clothing portion carrying some of the anti-perspirant material is ironed or otherwise subjected to a relatively high temperature before removal of the anti-perspirant preparation. Even long continued contact at ordinary temperature of cosmetic preparations containing salts of these mineral acids cause weakening or deterioration of the clothing fabric.

Of the many salts which have been proposed for use as anti-perspirants, aluminum chloride and aluminum sulfate are by far the most commonly used and have heretofore been considered to be the most efiective. show high corrosive action on cotton fabrics. This corrosive action is so severe that considerable research and investigation has been directed to a satisfactory reduction of the corrosive action without simultaneously reducing the anti-per-' spirant effectiveness of the salts. Because of its less corrosive action, aluminum sulfate is generally preferred over aluminum chloride.

It has now been discovered that zinc sulfamate is a very efficacious perspiration retardant and, more significantly, it has been observed to have practically no tendering or discoloring action on clothing fabric. Test data have further indicated that zinc sulfamate preparations produce definitely superior results in inhibiting or retarding perspiration when compared with like preparations which contain aluminum sulfate.

To secure such data, specific areas of skin of a number of human subjects were treated daily over a definite period and the perspiration inhibiting efiects for aluminum sulfate and zinc sulfamate were evaluated. The perspiration from equal comparable areas of skin with and without anti-perspirant treatment was periodically collected and weighed. For each measurement a per cent of perspiration-lessening effect However, both salts was found by dividing the number representing the difference between the weight of perspiration on an untreated area and the weight of perspiration on a like area treated with antiperspirant material by the weight of perspiration on the untreated area, and then multiplying the quotient obtained by one hundred.

The results obtained from the tests showed that zinc sulfamate was from two to four or more times as effective as aluminum sulfate when comparable concentrations were used. In addition there is the important advantage that zinc sulfamate does not cause discoloration and has a very low tendering-action on fabric, antiperspirant preparations containing zinc sulfamate as the astringent may be used without the addition of corrosion or discoloration inhibiting agents.

In accordance with the present invention, the novel perspiration inhibiting or retarding preparation comprises essentially zinc sulfamate as the anti-perspirant ingredient and water and preferably an additional agent to provide a product having certain desirable properties. The antiperspirant preparation may be prepared and marketed in any desired form, for example as an emulsion, suspension, solution, salve, cream, 10- tion, and the like, and they may be compounded in any suitable manner.

The proportion of zinc sulfamate to the total composition may be rather widely varied and depends to some extent upon the particular type of preparation, frequency of use, preferred concentration and other variable factors. In general, a composition should contain suflicient zinc sulfamate to be effective when the usual amount of the preparation is applied to the skin and no more should be present than can be held in solution in the aqueous phase. Satisfactory results may be obtained in compositions in which the proportionate quantity of zinc sulfamate incorporated ranges between about 5% and by weight of the anti-perspirant preparation, and preferably comprises about 10 to 30% by weight.

The additional agent comprises one or more materials for imparting desirable properties to the preparation including a wetting agent to facilitate application of the preparation to the skin; pigment; filler; emollient; preservative; perfume; fatty material to form an oily phase for cream, salve, emulsion and like types of preparations; etc.

Zinc sulfamate may be incorporated into cream bases of widely varying composition. Generally speaking, sucha cream includes an oily or oleaginous phase held in dispersion in an aqueous phase containing the anti-perspirant by one or more suitable emulsifying agents. The oily phase may include such materials as natural and synthetic oils, fats and waxes, e. g. spermaceti, palmityl palmitate, polymerized ethylene oxide (Carbowax), paraflin, sterols, mineral oils, vegetable oils and other esters of fatty acids, etc. Glyerine, propylene glycol, sorbitol and the like emollients may also be present.

Any suitable emulsifying agent may be employed which is sufficiently stable in acid media. Examples of emulsifying agents which have been found useful in preparing creams are: partial esters of fatty acids with glycerine glycol or other polyhydric alcohol, preferably in combination with a stabilizer such as sodiumv monosulfate monoglyceride or coconut oil fatty acids, diethyloleylamide phosphate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium alkyl aromatic sulfonate, etc.

As specific examples of preparations embodying the principles of this invention the following are given without intending to be limited thereby. The parts indicated are by weight.

Example 1 Examples of suitable zinc sulfamate anti-perspirant solutions which may be used in liquid form as a lotion or as the water phase in a cream of emulsion-type preparation, such as described in Examples 1 to 5, are as follows, the parts bein by Weight:

Example 6 Parts Zinc sulfamate 16.0 Sodium salt of sulfated monoglyceride of coconut oil fatty acids 1.5 Water 32.5

Example 7 Parts Zinc sulfamate 16.0 Sodium lauryl sulfate 1.5 Water 32.5

Example 8 Parts Zinc sulfamate 16.0 Sodium fi-oleylethane-amidsulfonate 1.5 Water 32.5

" effective amounts of glycerine, fatty material,

Parts Acid stabilized glyoeryl monostearate 15.0 Spermacetic wax", 5.0 Sodium lanryl sulfate 1.5 Titanium dioxide 0.5 Zinc sulfamate 16.0 Water 55.0

- Acid stabilized giyceryl monostearate comprises glyc eryl monostearate and a small amount (2 to 5% by wt.) of diethyloleylamid phosphate,

. Example 2 Parts Diethylene glycol monostearate; l, r 15.0 Spermaceti l 5.0

Glycerine Sodium salt of sulfated monoglyceride of coconut oilfatty acids, 25 Titanium dioxide 0.5 Zinc s uliam' ate v 15.0 Water 54.0

Emample 3 Parts Glyceryl palr ni tate v 15.0 Palmityl palmitate 3.0 Glycerine 2.0 Sodium salt of sulfated monoglyceride of coconut oil fatty acids 3.0 Titanium dioxide 0.5, Zinc sulfamate 14.0 Water 50.0

Example 4 Parts Acid stabilized glyceryl monostearate 12.0 Spermacetic Wax 3.0 Stearyl alcohol 2.0 Sodium ,8-oleylethane-amidsu1ionate (Igepon T) 3.0 Glycerine 2.5v Zinc sulfamate 2,2,5. Water s 56.0

Example 5 Pa Glyceryl monostearate 12.0 Spermaceti wax 4.0 Glycerine 2.5. Sodium salt of sulfated monoglyceride of' hydrogenated coconut oil fatty. acids 2.5 Titanium dioxide 0.8 Zinc sulfamate 25.0 Water '..L1 53:0

perfume, water-soluble salts, or mixtures thereof, may be incorporated which do not cause precipitation of the zinc sulfamate or otherwise ad- A versely affect the anti-perspirant properties of the preparation.

Aqueous solutions of zinc sulfamate suitable for use in compounding the anti-perspirant compositions of the invention may be prepared by appropriate methods, such as by reacting an equiv alent amount of sulfamic acid in water with zinc oxide to give a solution of zinc sulfamate. Another method which may be used comprises the reaction of barium suliamate in an aqueous medium with an equivalent amount of zinc sulfate to form insoluble barium sulfate which may be removed to leave a clear solution of zinc sulfamate. Aqueous solutions also may be prepared directly from the salt. A suitable salt which may be used for this purpose consists of zinc sulfamate crystals containing four moles of water per mole of zinc sulfamate.

Although the invention has been described in detail and exemplified by a number of examples, it will be understood that the principles of the invention may be made use of by utilizing zinc sulfamate with modified fprmulae such as will occur to those skilled in the art.

What is claimed is:

l. A perspiration inhibiting or retarding preparation consisting essentially of zinc sulfamate as the essential anti-perspirant ingredient in any eifective amount from about 5 to 60% by weight, surface active material having a long aliphatic chain, and water.

2. A cosmetic preparation consisting essential.- ly of oleaginous phase, an aqueous phase having zinc sulfamate dissolved therein in an effective amount from about. 5 to 60% by weight to inhibit or retard perspiration when the preparation is applied to human skin, and surface active material to hold said phases in stable emulsion,

as an anti-perspirant ingredient in an effective amount from about 5 to 60% by weight of the cosmetic preparation. 4. A cosmetic preparation in the form of a cream emulsion for inhibiting or retarding perspiration comprising a fcream emulsion of an oleaginous phase held in dispersion in an aqueous phase, anlacid stable emulsif agent there- !or to maintain said emulsi sential anti-perspirant ingredie 'nc sultamate in an efiective amount from abontfi to about 60% by weightin solution in said aqueous phase.

LESTER D. APPERSON.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the me of this patent:

6 UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,621,528 Ellis Mar. 22, 1927 2,236,387 Wallace Mar. 25, 1941 2,395,472 Fernald Feb. 26, 1946 2,504,107 Christian Apr. 18, 1950 OTHER REFERENCES 'I'homssen: Modern Cosmetics (1947), pages 211-212.

Oberhauser: Chemical Abstracts, v01. 41, page 1944 (1947).

Choguill: Chemical Abstracts, vol. 34, page 5351 (1940).

Bennett: Chemical Formulary, vol. 8 (1948), page 75.

Claims (1)

1. 2. A COSMETIC PREPARATION CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF OLEAGINOUS PHASE, AN AQUEOUS PHASE HAVING ZINC SULFAMATE DISSOLVED THEREIN IN AN EFFECTIVE AMOUNT FROM ABOUT 5 TO 60% BY WEIGHT TO INHIBIT OR RETARD PERSPIRATION WHEN THE PREPARATION IS APPLIED TO HUMAN SKIN, AND SURFACE ACTIVE MATERIAL TO HOLD SAID PHASES IN STABLE EMULSION, SAID SURFACE ACTIVE MATERIAL HAVING A LONG ALIPHATIC CHAIN.