US2583149A - Evaporative fluid cooling apparatus - Google Patents

Description

195-?v H. MALKOFF EVAPORATIVE FLUID COOLING APPARATUS 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Oct. 19, 1948 :e. mi .6130 am @110 war man an @nu arm an an INVENTOR.

BY J

Jan. 22, 1952 H. MALKOFF EVAPORATIVE FLUID COOLING APPARATUS 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Oct. 19, 1948 IN VENTOR.

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v A i i %4 ATTORNEY? Jan. 22, 1952 MALKOFF 2,583,149

EVAPORATIVE FLUID COOLING APPARATUS Filed Oct. 19, 1948 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented Jan. 22, 1952 UNITED .STATES PATENT OFFICE EVAPORATIVE FLUID COOLING APPARATUS Hyman Malkofl, Trenton, 'N. J., assignor to Kramer Trenton Company, Trenton, N. J., a corporation of New Jersey Application October 19, 1948, Serial No. 55,280

9 Claims. (Cl. 62-139) This invention relates to evaporative fluid cooling apparatus which is designed to chill and, in the case of gases to condense, fluids in pipe coils, or the like; the invention being especially adapted for embodiment in condensers of refrigerating apparatus, although it is also adaptable to the cooling of liquids such as water and oil in various types of machinery and industrial apparatus.

The invention is directed more particularly to means for circulating the cooling water through the apparatus, and has for an object to provide such means which cause a high rate of circulation without corresponding increase in power consumption.

Another object is to provide such an apparatus in which the water is circulated by a driven impeller or the like and which includes means for preventing the water acted upon by the impeller from being churned or swirled in a rotary direction.

Another object is to provide such an apparatus in which the water level is automatically maintained by the supplying from an outside source others inherent in the invention, are satisfactorily of small increments of fresh water to compensate for slight losses occurring during operation.

Another object is to provide such an apparatus which includes means for automatically periodically removing a portion of the water which has been recirculated with consequent increase in its salt concentration, together with automatic means for periodically supplying fresh water to replace that which has been thus removed.

Another object is to provide such an apparatus in which the means for periodically removing a portion of the water is of the syphon type, and the means for supplying quantities of fresh water is governed by a valve which is controlled by the level of the water in the apparatus.

7 Another object is to provide such an apparatus in which the water is caused to drop or rain upon the coil from a considerable number of orifices in a vessel located above the coil, the size of the said orifices being sumcient to permit the water to pass therethrough as a liquid as distinguished from being atomized.

Another object is to provide such an apparatus which includes a power driven fan that promotes vaporization of part of the water precipitated upon the coil and increases the chilling effect upon the fiuid within the coil.

A further object is to provide certain improvements in the form, construction and arrangement of the parts whereby a substantial increase in eificiency and economy in-operation is secured and the above mentioned objects, as well as attained.

Practical embodiments of the invention are represented in the accompanying drawings in which:

Fig. 1 represents a partly broken away and partly sectional elevation looking at the fan end of the apparatus, which is in the form of a unit adapted to be suspended from a ceiling;

Fig. 2 represents a partly broken away and partly sectional side elevation of the same;

Fig. 3 represents a detail section taken in the plane of the line III-III of Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 4 represents a detail transverse section taken in the plane of the line IV-IV of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 represents a view similar to Fig. 1, but showing a modified form of the apparatus;

Fig. 6 represents a view similar to Fig. 2, but showing the said modified form;

Fig. 7 represents a side elevation, partly broken away and partly in section, of a second modified form which is adapted for floor installation; 1

Fig. 8 represents an elevation, partly broken away and partly in section, taken at right angles to Fig.7; and

Fig. 9 represents a detail elevation, partly broken away and partly in section, showing a third modification which is also adapted for floor installation.

Referring to Figs. 1 to 4, the apparatus is presented in the form of a unit and has a casing which is preferably composed of metallic plates or panels, such as galvanized steel, and includes a top 1, sides 2 and 3, and a face plate 4, the said parts being firmly secured to each other as by welding or riveting. Channel iron brackets 5 and 6 are fixed to the top I, as by riveting or welding, and are designed to cooperate with any suitable type of ceiling hangers for suspending the unit as a whole.

To the underside of the top I a water distributing pan 7, which may be composed of sheet metal, is fastened, preferably by welding, and from the said pan depend apair of coil header plates 8 and 9, which are suitably apertured to receive the bends of a pipe coil 50, which is preferably composed of copper or aluminum tubing and consists of a plurality of sinuous sections having their upper ends fitted into the side of a fluid inlet pipe H and their lower ends fitted into the side of a discharge pipe l2. It will be understood that the connection between the coil sections and the pipes l I and ii is fluid tight, and

55 the said pipes are snugly fitted through holes in sides 2, 3, in any suitable ,manner. ,.such as by welding or riveting. In the drawing the said element I3, I4, is illustrated as of unitary construction, but it will be understoodcthati-t. may -,be composed of several parts suitably fixed to each other.

The reservoir I3 extends across the full width of the front or face plate of the casing and", at

the lower portion of one side thereof is fitted a small chamber I5,-- whic h may ;be designated a ump return tank, which tank I5 is connected to water distributing pan 1 by a-vertically disposed water delivery tube I6, so that water may be forcedfrom tank .ISt pan' I :7 s v The bottom ofpan 7 is,pe rforated -preferably in the form of alarge number ofnozzles II, which are preferably of sufficient; diameter, e. g., one eighth of an inch or larger, so as topermitwater to pass therethrough without being; atomized, and it will be clear that water passing through the said nozzles will descend upon all parts of coil I0 and that the waterpassing downwardly through and dripping from the coil will be trapped by the catch pan I4 and returned to the reservoir I3. 1-

Uprising from pump return tank l5 is a cylindrical pump housing lt and theupper end of said housing is covered by-a base plate I9, which serves to support an'electric pump motor 20, the drive shaft 2i of which motor projects down: wardly through housing I8 and carries at its lower extremity a bladed impeller 22. QEixed in the housing I8 above the impeller22 is a sleeve 23 which has a hub 24 that may, if desired, serve as a bearing for shaft 2|, although the shaft is so short as not to require a bearing, and. a series of radial vanes 26, which latter are parallel with the a A si s ..m ie s al.ser s f h l s. 26 is formed'in the wall of the pump housing I8 immediately above the sleeve 23, to permit the ingress ofw'ater.

The face plate 4 of .the unit casing is provided with a large central aperture zl w ithin which is, positioned a fan 28 tha.t,is mounted on a drive shaft 29 oi an electric motor 30, which'latter is;

supportedby four bracket arms 3 I, thataresuitsably fixed to the motor, as indicated at 32, and

are secured to. the face plate as by bolts 33. It; will be understood that pump motor and fan,

motor 30 are connected to any suitable source or sources of electric current, and it maybenoted that the said motors may be subject to manual. control only,as,-by suitable switches '(notshowni. and/or that the operationof either or both may. be subject to automatic control by pressure or thermostatic switches in a manner whichis well understood by those conversant with the re-; frigeration industry and is not illustrated herein: as it constitutes no part of the present invention.

At the end of the casing opposite the fan aresecured upper and lower supports 34, 35, to which are fixed aseries of vertically disposed eliminator blades 36, which are of zigzag form in cross-section. as shown in Fig. 4, the .purposepf'thesaid,

blades being to separate entrained water globules from the air driven through the casing by the fan so that the said water may fall into catch pan (4 and be returned to reservoir I3.

A pipe 3'I leads from any suitable source of water supply to reservoir I3 and the said pipe is opened and closed by a valve 36, which is governedby a float 39, the construction of said float valve being a matter of such common knowledge among mechanics and engineers as to call for no further explanation or description. A syphon tube 40 is also fitted in the Wall of reservoir I3 fora purpose to be hereinafter described and a water overflow pipe 4I pierces the bottom of the said reservoir at 42 to provide against the maintenance of too high a level of water therein.

, In operation, the reservoir is filled by supplying water through pipe 31 until it reaches the level of the top of pipe M, at which time float 39 will close valve 38. ,It will be understood that this filling of-reservoir I3 also fills pump housing I8 through holes 26 aswell as pump return tank I5 and the lower part of-water delivery tube I6, the level of the water in housing I8 and tube I6 being the same as the level in reservoir-I3. Pump motor 20 and fan. motor 30 are then set in operation and impeller 22, driven by motor 20, will force water through tank I5 and tubeiI 6 into pan 1, from which latter the water will rain down from nozzles I1 and thoroughly Wet coil- I0 therebeneath; the water passing through and dripping from the, coil being received in catch pan I4 and returned by -,it to reservoir I3. The operation of fan motor 30 will, of course, rotate fan 28 and thus drive a current of air through coil structure I6; and out through eliminator blades 36. As the water dripping on the coil is of lower temperature than the fluid within the coil andthe coil itself, some of the said water will be vaporized and thus serve to reduce the tem-' perature of the coil and the fluid circulating therethrough. The, air current from the fan will facilitate this action chiefly by its cooling eiTect upon the water which is falling from the pan nozzles I1, and the blades 36 ofthe eliminator will serve to separate most of the globules of water which are entrained by the current from the fan, causing the-same to precipitate into catch pan I4 and be returned to reservoir 'I3. It will be observed thatpan (:extends over the space between fan 28 and coil I0, so that water falling from this portion of the pan will be carried by the air current from the fan against the front and lower part of the coil that is adjacent the fan;

thus insuring that said portion of the coil is adequately wetted. 7

The foregoing operation will thus serve eiiectively to cool thecoil and the fluid circulating therethrough with very little loss of Water. .This

is an important industrial economy, not only because water supply is commonly metered and charged for, but also because there is frequently a limit ,tothe amount'of water which is available and also a limit, as by ordinance, to the amount that can be discharged into sewage facilities.

the extent that it would occur in the case of smaller apertures, would correspondingly reduce:

the fall of water upon the coil.

A feature of great value-in-this -apparatus is.

"the circulating pump and associated parts'which already indicated, the

induce such a high rate of circulation of water that maximum heat transfer. achieved, with the further advantage that the rapid circulation greatly minimizes the deposition upon the surface of the coil of the salts and the like normally present in water, which deposition would materially reduce the effectiveness of the coil and require cleaning or repair thereof. It has been found that the vanes 25 which are positioned above the impeller 22 are very effective in assisting the pumping actionin that they are stationary and prevent the impeller action from. churning or rotating th 'water within the pump. housing I8; and it has also been discovered that the effectiveness of the pumping action is materially enhanced by positioning the impeller 22 so that it projects into tank whereby its area of rotation is partly within the pum housing l8 and partly within the said tank 15. This projection of the impeller into the tank I5 is preferably to the extent of about ten to thirty percent of the height of the impeller blades. The functional importance of this positioning of the impeller is due mainly to the fact that tank I5 is larger in cross section than and differs in cross sectional shape from the pump housing l8.

Such loss of water as occurs during operation will be automatically replaced by the action of float valve 38, 39, which will permit the inflow of additional water when the level in reservoir I3 is reduced. It is, furthermore, occasionally desirable to drain off some of the water from reservoir [3 in order to prevent too high concen- I tration of-salts in the water being recirculated through the apparatus. This drawing off of a portion of the water from the reservoir l3 can be accomplished by manually or automatically opening the electric circuit from the source of the water intermediate said pans will return to .reservoir [3 and raise the level of water in the latter to a height above the top of overflow tube 4i. Should the overflow tube become clogged, the syphon tube will at once become effective and water will be syphoned therethrough from reservoir [3 until the water level is brought down to the extremity of the syphon tube within the reservoir, at which time the syphon action will be broken and the position of float 39 will permit the inflow of a new increment of water to the reservoir. It should be mentioned that the size of the syphon tube and the float valve should be of such relative proportions that the syphon action will withdraw water from the reservoir more rapidly than it is supplied thereto through the float valve.

It is desirable that the pump motor and the fan motor 30 have separate controls so that the pump motor can be stopped not only for the purpose just described but also in order that the water circulation may be stopped while the air circulation is continued when temperature conditions or operating conditions are such that the apparatus effectively performs its cooling function under the influence of the air current alone. And in some cases the reverse may be desired, i. e., that the fan be stopped while the pump continues in operation. In this connection, it will,

of course, be understood that condensers of this type, especially when used in refrigerating systems, are normally required to operate intermittently rather than continuously; and that, as

efiiciency is the sleeves action of both the pump motor and the fan motor maybe subjected to manual control and/or to automatic control by pressure or temperature actuated switches.

Turning now to the modified form of the invention shown in Figs. 5 and 6, the constructional parts are the same as hereinabove described in connection with theform shown in Figs. 1 to 4 with the exception of the pump mechanism whichis somewhat different in construction and arrangement and operates on the wa ter pulling principle rather than on the pushing or thrusting principle.

. In this" form of Figs. 5 and'fi, the cylindrical pump housing is denoted by 43 and it uprises directly from the. bottom of reservoir l3 and extends substantially to the top of the casing where his capped by a. T-coupling 44, the horizontal branch 45 of which is suitably lconnected, as by bolted flanges, to a mouth piece-'46 on the water distributing pan T. An electric'motor 41, which corresponds to the motor 20 of the form shown in Figs. 1 to 4, has its base 48 resting on coupling 44, and the motor drive shaft 49 extends downwardly within pump housing 43 almost to the bottom thereof. Three impellers denoted by 50, 5t and 52, which are similar to impeller 22, are fixed to shaft 45; and three sleeves 53, 54, 55,

which are like sleeve 23 with its hub and vanes,

are rigidly positioned within housing 43 closely above impellers 5!], 5| and 52 respectively. Two sets of circumferential holes 56 and 5'! are formed through pump housing 43 below impeller 50. As this shaft 49 is quite long, it is desirable that the hub of at least one sleeve, e. g., 54, be of such size as to serve as a bearing therefor.

In the operation of this form of the invention shown in Figs. 5 and 6, the reservoir 13 is supplied with water as heretofore described in connection with the form shown in Figs. 1 to 4 and the pump motor 47, as well as the fan motor 30, are started. The rotation of the shaft 49 of motor 6'! causes impeller 50 to draw water up within pump housing 43 until the water reaches the height of impeller 5 l, at which time the latter adds its drawing effect on the water, which continues to be drawn up within the pump housing until it reaches impeller 52, at which time all three impellers are acting on the column of water and force the same into the water distributing pan 1, whence it rains down upon the coil and is in the main returned to the reservoir i3 as heretofore described in connection with the form shown in Figs. 1 to 4-. It will be observed that 54, 55, with their radiating vanes, are located above the impellers, as in the case of the form shown in Figs. 1 to 4, notwithstanding the column of water is movin upward in pump housing 43 of the modified form of invention shown in Figs. 5 and 6 instead of downward as in the previously described form. However, the effect of the vanes in the said sleeves is the same in the form shown in Figs. 5 and 6 as in the first described form and the operation of the invention and its functional effects are also the same. The ceiling brackets 58, 59, which are secured to the top of the apparatus casing in the form shown in Figs. 5 and 6, are different in shape from the brackets shown in Figs. 1 and 2 in order to space pump motor 41 from the ceiling. It may be added that the pump motor and fan motor of the form shown in Figs. 5 and 6 may be manually and/or automatically controlled, as set forth in the; description of the preceding form of theinvention'f i Referring now 'to. the second modified term .01 the invention which is, shown; in, Figs; 7 and; 8. this embodiment is designed for floor installation and differs in a number of respectsfromrthe previously describedforms, although -;the,;.'pumping mechanism, which is the most important feature of the invention, is similar to that;of:.iligs. lto In this modified form OLFigsfliy. and 8,'ithe casing is oblong ,in,;crosss;s ection. andi comprises 'a front 60, a, back :6|,.sides 611;;63, and; bottom 64, which are preferably composed;.o materials such as galvanized s heet,plates secured together in any suitable manner, as ,bsrx-Wldhrgmrriveting; the bottom being provided :Wlth ;legs;-65, preferably of angle iron. r; a; 1 1;

; The upper part of the casing houses a. pfl liof blowers 66, 66, whichmay be of any; wellknown or approved form. and besecure withinil he 0&3? ing in any appropriate manner; the .fans of the said blowers (not shown) being rotatedby va shaft 61, which is driven by a motor 68, carried by a bracket 60, throughbelt andpulley--mecha-. nism 10. H 1 .iz; l

A set of eliminator blades H is fixed in' the casing below the blowers; by angle irons 12 that are fastened to the sides .62, :63, of. the casing; and a coil '53, which has aninlet vpipeJ'T-and a discharge pipe 15, is mounted about midway be-, tween the top and bottom'ofthejcasingby header plates 16, H, which-extendtransversely .of the casing and are suitably attached to its frontand back. g1,

The water circulating means which, as already indicated, is similar: to thatshowndn Figs.;1 to '3, includes a cylindrical pump housing 18; that -up-'. rises from a reservoir '19 which is formed in the lowerpart of the casing. The housingzis provided with a series of waterinlet holes .80 andra vane sleeve 8|, which is ,likesleeve, 23,: 24,25, and is fixed in the housing below thesaid'holes. 1A motor 82 surmounts housing 18 and its shaft 83 carries an impeller 84 which is located at the bottom of the housing and extends; partly, into a pump return tank 85 that is connected-with one end of the pump housing.= A water ;delivery tube 86 is connected with the other end of. tank 85 and extends upwardly'within the casing toa point intermediate the eliminator and the coil, where it connects with amanifold ill-from which project laterally a set, of. closedend .water dis tributing pipes 88 that are providedwvithi per-.1 forated nozzles along their lower.- surfaces, corresponding to nozzles I! shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

If desired, the tube 86 may be securedby-any suitable means to the side 62 of the casingrand, the pipes 88 may also be secured to each other and to the front 60 and back 6l-of the casing by brackets or other equivalent means..'; The

reservoir 79 has an overflow pipe'89 which pierces? its bottom at 90, a water inlet pipe '9I,='a float valve 92, and-a 'syphon tube 93, which are similar to the corresponding partsqshownrin Fig; 1. The front of the casing is provided witha'mctalair inlet grill 94 which permits airtOibB drawn into the casing, past the coil, water distributing pipes and eliminator, and be ejected at the top of the casing through the blower mouths.

The operation or functioning. of; this formof the invention shown in Figs. 7 and 8;. is generally the same as that hereinabove described except that the suction generated by the blowersfifi, 66,; is substituted ior'the aiiystream-ygeneratedby. the fan;28, while the waterfalling from the dis r bu ep es tee dr n fr m; t 'c i l3;-- and eliminator H passes directly int qthe reserg;

NONI--19 instead :ofbeing-caugh iniahpan and returned to the I'eSeIVOiIH; Asin the caseof the previously described forms, .the motors .68z-and 82 of this ,second modified form may. ,be. independently controlled manually and/or automati .callyr; a v .The third modified form. of vthe invention. .Which isaillustrated in Fig. 9, differs from. the form shown in Figsfll and 8 insubstantiallythe same-way that the form shown in Figs. 5 and 6 differs from the form shown'in Figs; 1" to=4,i.;e;, the;water pump ofthe form shown in :Figz'Q operates-on the pulling rathenthanon thepuslring -or thrusting principle.- In thisv form the pump housing is marked 95 and itszlower end positioned in the reservoir l0 has ,lLWOzSGbSu'Qf Vi/M161 .inlet holes 96, 91. .The;.upper. endofthe housing: is connected, by a T-coupling vtil iwith theg-mouth of ,manifold 81'. and the pump motor, here marked I00, surmounts coupling 98 while its shaft NH. projects downwardly through three vane sleeves I02, N3, 104, that arefixed withinI housing and are like sleeve 23, 24, 25, with at least one sleeve, e. g., I03, serving aspa bearing for the shaft. Threeimpellers I05, 106. 101, are fixed on shaft l0! below said sleeves and their action-when rotated by motor I00, is. like that of impellers 50, 5| and 52, as. describedin connection with the form of the invention shown inFigs. 5 and 6. With reference to all the forms of the invens tion, it will be seen that it provides for a-very eflicient and rapid circulation and recirculation of water, as well as efficient cooling of the fluid within the evaporator, the function or result being accomplished with great economy of water and power and with avoidance. of cloggin the water distributing elements and :the formation ofundesirable deposits upon thecoil; while such additional supply of fresh water as is desirable either for the purpose of replenishing the slight loss, or diluting the salt concentration, is automatically furnished.

It will be understood that various changes may be resorted to in the form, construction, material and arrangement of the parts without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention; and hence I do not intend-to be limited to details herein shown or describedexcept as they maybe included-in the claims or be required by disclosures of the prior art.

-What I claim is:

1. Apparatus of the character described comprising, a coil, a water reservoir, a conduit for distributing water from the reservoir to the outer surface of the coil, and pumping mechanism adapted to cause water to flow from the reservoir through said conduit, said pumping mechanism comprising, a housing having a water inlet in the side thereof, a motorv drive shaft within the housing, an impeller fixed to the shaft, and at least one vane positioned within the housing adjacent, the impeller andlying in a plane substantially, parallel to the longitudinal axis of the shaft to resist swirling of the Water within the housing when the impellenis" rotated.-

2. Apparatus of the character described comprising, a coil, a water reservoir, a conduit for distributing water from the reservoir to the outer surface of the coil, and pumping mechanism adapted to cause water to flow from the reservoir through said conduit, said pumping mechanism comprising, a housing having a water inlet in the side thereof, amotor located at the top of the housing, a drive, shaft extending from the motor downwardly within the housing, an impeller fixed to the shaft, and at least one vane positioned within the housing adjacent the impeller and lying in a plane substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the shaft to resist swirling of the water within the housing when the impeller is rotated.

3. Apparatus of the character described comprising, a coil, a water reservoir, a conduit for distributing water from the reservoir to the outer surface of the coil, and pumping mechanism adapted to cause water to flow from the reservoir through said conduit, said pumping mechanism comprising, a housing having a water inlet in the side thereof, a tank at the lower end of the housing, a motor drive shaft within the housing, and an impeller fixed to the shaft and positioned partly within the housing and partly within the tank.

4. Apparatus of the character described comprising, a coil, a water reservoir, a conduit for distributing water from the reservoir to the outer surface of the coil, and pumping mechanism adapted to cause water to flow from the reservoir through said conduit, said pumping mechanism comprising, a housing having a water inlet in the side thereof, a tank at the lower end of the housing, said tank being of greater cross sectional area than the housing, a motor drive shaft within the housing, and an impeller fixed to the shaft and positioned partly within the housing and partly within the tank.

5. Apparatus of the character described comprising, a coil, a water reservoir, a conduit for distributing water from the reservoir to the outer surface of the coil, and pumping mechanism adapted to cause water to flow from the reservoir through said conduit, said pumping mechanism comprising, a housing having a water inlet in the side thereof, a tank at the lower end of the housing, said tank being of greater cross sectional area than and differing in cross sectional shape from the housing, a motor drive shaft within the housing, and an impeller fixed to the shaft and positioned partly within the housing and partly within the tank.

6. Apparatus of the character described comprising, a coil, a water reservoir, a conduit for distributing water from the reservoir to the outer surface of the coil, and pumping mechanism adapted to cause water to flow from the reservoir through said conduit, said pumping mechanism comprising, a housing having a water inlet in the side thereof, a tank at the lower end of the housing, said tank being of greater cross sectional area than the housing, a motor drive shaft within the housing, and an impeller fixed to the shaftand positioned partly within the housing and partly within the tank, the projection of the impeller into the tank being less than one half the vertical height of its blades.

7. Apparatus of the character described comprising, a coil, a water reservoir, a conduit for distributing water from the reservoir to the outer surface of the coil, and pumping mechanism adapted to cause water to flow from the reservoir through said conduit, said pumping mechanism comprising, a housing having a water inlet in the side thereof, a tank at the lower end of the housing, said tank being of greater cross sectional area than and differing in cross sectional shape from the housing, a motor drive shaft within the housing, and an impeller fixed to the shaft and positioned partly within the housing and partly within the tank, the projection of the impeller into the tank being less than one half the vertical height of its blades.

8. Apparatus of the character described comprising, a coil, a water distributor located above the coil, a water reservoir, a conduit connecting the distributor with the reservoir, a pump adapted to cause water to flow from the reservoir to the distributor, and means for forcing a current of air to and through the coil structure in a direction at an angle to the direction in which water from the distributor traverses the coil, the water distributor being so positioned as to extend over an area in front of the face of the coil toward which the air current moves so that water falling from the said extension of the distributor will be carried by the air current against the said face of the coil.

9. Apparatus of the character described comprising, a coil, a water reservoir, a conduit fordistributing water from the reservoir to the outer surface of the coil, and pumping mechanism adapted to cause water to flow from the reservoir through said conduit, said pumping mechanism comprising, a tank having a water inlet and a water outlet, a power rotated impeller at the water inlet of the tank, and at least one vane positioned at the upstream side of the impeller to resist swirling of the water drawn toward the impeller by its rotation.

HYMAN MALKOFF.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,428,661 Richardson Sept. 12, 1922 1,861,158 Hilger May 31, 1932 2,221,530 Strang Nov. 12, 1940 2,259,541 Ballard Oct. 21, 1941 2,291,937 Young Aug. 4, 1942 2,379,932 Schoepfiin July 10, 1945 2,509,031 Bockmeyer May 23, 1950 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 560,319 France Oct. 2, 1923 839,815 France Apr. 3, 1939

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