US2577715A - Electrical insulating material - Google Patents

Electrical insulating material Download PDF

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Publication number
US2577715A
US2577715A US13529949A US2577715A US 2577715 A US2577715 A US 2577715A US 13529949 A US13529949 A US 13529949A US 2577715 A US2577715 A US 2577715A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
paper
acetylated
insulating material
electrical insulating
resin
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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Inventor
Rheiner Alfred
Hagenbuch Werner
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Sandoz AG
Original Assignee
Sandoz AG
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of US2577715A publication Critical patent/US2577715A/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/48—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances fibrous materials
    • H01B3/485—Other fibrous materials fabric
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31942—Of aldehyde or ketone condensation product
    • Y10T428/31949—Next to cellulosic
    • Y10T428/31964—Paper
    • Y10T428/31967—Phenoplast

Definitions

  • The-present invention relates to electricallin sulating material, and: to the manufacture thereof.
  • a primary object of the present invention is the embodiment of an improved insulating material on a paper basis.
  • a further object of the invention is the embodiment of an improved insulating material in the form of a laminate having a paper basis.
  • Still another object of the invention is the embodiment of a resin-impregnated insulating structure of enhanced electrical insulating properties.
  • ' paper are for example phenol-formaldehyde, cresol-formaldehyde, etc.
  • Laminates formed according to the present in- I vention by the heat-and-pressure curing of a number of layers of acetylated paper impregnated with thermo-setting resin, have an enhanced electrical insulation resistance, a reduced moisture absorption as compared with ordinary 2 paper-base laminates, and undergo agreatlyme quiz hand.
  • theacetylated paper which :is em. ployed for the purposes of the present invention, cheaper and simpler to produce than, for instance, the acetylated cotton fabrics, but in addition it can be manufactured in thicknesses as small as 0.01 mm., which are of course not realizable with cotton fabrics.
  • the physical properties and texture of the acetylated paper can be easily modified-to an extent which is not possible with acetylated cotton fabricsin such a Way that optimum bonding with the thermo-setting resin is achieved, with resultant production of laminates with exceptionally good dielectric properties.
  • Example.100 parts by weight of cresol (45-55%-meta) parts by weight of formaldehyde (35%) and 4.5 parts of ammonia (25%) are heated together at C. for 30 minutes.
  • Vacuum distillation (25 mm. Hg) is then carried out until a temperature of 85 C. is reached.
  • a 60% solution in alcohol of the resin so formed is made and fibrous sheets acetylated to a combined acetic acid content of 35%, prepared from unbleached kraft paper, not calendered and with' a density of 0.54 and a thickness of 4-5 mils, are coated in such a way that after drying at -120 0., they contain 35-50% resin.
  • Laminated electrical insulating materials are produced therefrom by treating a certain number of stacked coated sheets at C. with a pressure of 150-300 atm.
  • the electrical insulation resistance of such laminates is 100,000 Mn whereas only 1000 M0 are found for similar boards prepared from ordinary kraft paper.
  • acetylated paper in the sense of the present invention, is paper consisting of cellulosic fibers which have been acetylated with retention of their physical structure.
  • Electrical insulating material consisting essentially of a heat-and-pressure consolidated laminate made up of a plurality of superposed sheets of acetylated paper, of which the original physical structure of the fibers has been retained,
  • thermo-setting resin selected from the class consisting of phenol-formaldehyde resin and cresol-formaldehyde resin.
  • Electrical insulating material consisting essentially of a heat-and-pressure consolidated laminate made up of a plurality of superposed sheets of acetylated paper, of which the original physical structure of the fibers has been retained, v
  • Electrical insulating material consisting essentially of a heat-and-pressure consolidated laminate made up of a plurality of superposed sheets of acetylated paper, of which the original physical structure of the fibers has been retained,
  • a cured theme-setting resin selected from the class consisting of phenol-formaldehyd resin and cresolformaldehyde resin, the said sheets being of a thickness or approximtaely 0.01 mm.

Description

" Patented Dec. 4, 1'
s OFFICE.
mm:c'mrclu. imsum'rmo MATERIAL Alfred ,mijeinerana Wcrn'cr' nsgenbuth, Basel, Switzerland, assignors to.-Sandoz,-A.G., :Basel,
Switzerland H The-present invention-relates to electricallin sulating material, and: to the manufacture thereof.
The search for new and improved electrical insulating materials is a ceaseless one and while 'materials of progressively improved insulating characteristics are constantly being developed, there is still room for improvement.
It has already been suggested to use acetylated cotton fabrics as a base in laminated electrical materials, but according to the present invention it has now been found that by using fibrous acetylated sheets, like acetylated paper, instead, an improvement of the dielectric properties of the laminate formed with thermo-setting resins is achieved.
It has further been proposed to realize the desirable paper-like structure of electrical insulation by using acetylated paper in lieu of acetylated cotton fabric for this purpose. Moreover, in order further to enhance the dielectric roperties of the acetylated paper, it has been proposed to impreghate the latter with thermoplastic resins, such for example as polystyrene. These insulating materials still leave something to be desired.
A primary object of the present invention is the embodiment of an improved insulating material on a paper basis. A further object of the invention is the embodiment of an improved insulating material in the form of a laminate having a paper basis. Still another object of the invention is the embodiment of a resin-impregnated insulating structure of enhanced electrical insulating properties.
' paper, according to the present invention, are for example phenol-formaldehyde, cresol-formaldehyde, etc.
Laminates formed according to the present in- I vention, by the heat-and-pressure curing of a number of layers of acetylated paper impregnated with thermo-setting resin, have an enhanced electrical insulation resistance, a reduced moisture absorption as compared with ordinary 2 paper-base laminates, and undergo agreatlyme duced swelling in water.
Notonly is theacetylated paper, which :is em. ployed for the purposes of the present invention, cheaper and simpler to produce than, for instance, the acetylated cotton fabrics, but in addition it can be manufactured in thicknesses as small as 0.01 mm., which are of course not realizable with cotton fabrics. Furthermore, the physical properties and texture of the acetylated paper can be easily modified-to an extent which is not possible with acetylated cotton fabricsin such a Way that optimum bonding with the thermo-setting resin is achieved, with resultant production of laminates with exceptionally good dielectric properties.
The following example furtherexplains and exemplifies the invention which, however, is not intended to be rstricted thereto. The parts are by weight unless otherwise indicated, and the relationship between parts by weight and parts by volume is the same as that which exists between the kilogram and liter.
Example.100 parts by weight of cresol (45-55%-meta) parts by weight of formaldehyde (35%) and 4.5 parts of ammonia (25%) are heated together at C. for 30 minutes. Vacuum distillation (25 mm. Hg) is then carried out until a temperature of 85 C. is reached. A 60% solution in alcohol of the resin so formed is made and fibrous sheets acetylated to a combined acetic acid content of 35%, prepared from unbleached kraft paper, not calendered and with' a density of 0.54 and a thickness of 4-5 mils, are coated in such a way that after drying at -120 0., they contain 35-50% resin.
Laminated electrical insulating materials are produced therefrom by treating a certain number of stacked coated sheets at C. with a pressure of 150-300 atm. The electrical insulation resistance of such laminates is 100,000 Mn whereas only 1000 M0 are found for similar boards prepared from ordinary kraft paper.
It is manifest from the foregoing that acetylated paper, in the sense of the present invention, is paper consisting of cellulosic fibers which have been acetylated with retention of their physical structure.
Having thus disclosed the invention, what is claimed is:
1. Electrical insulating material consisting essentially of a heat-and-pressure consolidated laminate made up of a plurality of superposed sheets of acetylated paper, of which the original physical structure of the fibers has been retained,
3 impregnated with and bonded together by a cured thermo-setting resin selected from the class consisting of phenol-formaldehyde resin and cresol-formaldehyde resin.
2. Electrical insulating material consisting essentially of a heat-and-pressure consolidated laminate made up of a plurality of superposed sheets of acetylated paper, of which the original physical structure of the fibers has been retained, v
impregnated with and bonded together by cured phenol-formaldehyde resin.
3. Electrical insulating material cbnsisting es:
sentially of a heat-and-pressure consolidated l: l, 1
laminate made up of a plurality of superposed sheets of acetylated paper, of which the original physical structure of the fibers has been retained,
impregnated with and bonded together by cured cresol-formaldehyde resin.
4. Electrical insulating material consisting essentially of a heat-and-pressure consolidated laminate made up of a plurality of superposed sheets of acetylated paper, of which the original physical structure of the fibers has been retained,
impregnated with and bonded together by a cured theme-setting resin selected from the class consisting of phenol-formaldehyd resin and cresolformaldehyde resin, the said sheets being of a thickness or approximtaely 0.01 mm.
i ALFRED RHEINER.
WERNER HAGENBUCH.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
I 'UNITEDSTATES PATENTS Number Name Date U 1,284,298; Frederick Nov. 12, 1918 2,004,956 Martin June 18, 1935 2,110,975 Henderson Mar. 15, 1938 2 ,307,483 Clark Jan. 5, 1943 FOREIG PATENTS Number Country Date 395,737 ,"Great Britain July 24, 1933

Claims (1)

1. ELECTRICAL INSULATING MATERIAL CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF A HEAT-AND-PRESSURE CONSOLIDATED LAMINATE MADE UP OF A PLURALITY OF SUPERPOSED SHEETS OF ACETYLATED PAPER, OF WHICH THE ORIGINAL PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF THE FIBERS HAS BEEN RETAINED, IMPREGNATED WITH AND BONDED TOGETHER BY A CURED THERMO-SETTING RESIN SELECTED FROM THE CLASS CONSISTING OF PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE RESIN AND CRESOL-FORMALDEHYDE RESIN.
US13529949 1949-01-05 1949-12-27 Electrical insulating material Expired - Lifetime US2577715A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH2577715X 1949-01-05

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US2577715A true US2577715A (en) 1951-12-04

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2726182A (en) * 1947-04-16 1955-12-06 Comp Generale Electricite Process for the reinforcement of the insulation in situ of the extremities of high-tension cables

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1284298A (en) * 1914-12-18 1918-11-12 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Process of making composite tubes.
GB395737A (en) * 1931-10-23 1933-07-24 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Improvements in or appertaining to the manufacture or treatment of paper for use in electrical insulation
US2004956A (en) * 1932-01-29 1935-06-18 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Plastic composition
US2110975A (en) * 1938-03-15 henderson
US2307488A (en) * 1938-05-03 1943-01-05 Gen Electric Electric capacitor

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2110975A (en) * 1938-03-15 henderson
US1284298A (en) * 1914-12-18 1918-11-12 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Process of making composite tubes.
GB395737A (en) * 1931-10-23 1933-07-24 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Improvements in or appertaining to the manufacture or treatment of paper for use in electrical insulation
US2004956A (en) * 1932-01-29 1935-06-18 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Plastic composition
US2307488A (en) * 1938-05-03 1943-01-05 Gen Electric Electric capacitor

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2726182A (en) * 1947-04-16 1955-12-06 Comp Generale Electricite Process for the reinforcement of the insulation in situ of the extremities of high-tension cables

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