US2575837A - Process for treating proteinaceous fibers - Google Patents

Process for treating proteinaceous fibers Download PDF

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Publication number
US2575837A
US2575837A US38657A US3865748A US2575837A US 2575837 A US2575837 A US 2575837A US 38657 A US38657 A US 38657A US 3865748 A US3865748 A US 3865748A US 2575837 A US2575837 A US 2575837A
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fibers
pressure
crimped
zone
setting
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Expired - Lifetime
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US38657A
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Leo W Rainard
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ALEXANDER SMITH Inc
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ALEXANDER SMITH Inc
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/01—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with hydrogen, water or heavy water; with hydrides of metals or complexes thereof; with boranes, diboranes, silanes, disilanes, phosphines, diphosphines, stibines, distibines, arsines, or diarsines or complexes thereof
    • D06M11/05—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with hydrogen, water or heavy water; with hydrides of metals or complexes thereof; with boranes, diboranes, silanes, disilanes, phosphines, diphosphines, stibines, distibines, arsines, or diarsines or complexes thereof with water, e.g. steam; with heavy water
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/12—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using stuffer boxes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/244—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus
    • D06M13/248—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus with compounds containing sulfur
    • D06M13/252—Mercaptans, thiophenols, sulfides or polysulfides, e.g. mercapto acetic acid; Sulfonium compounds

Definitions

  • PROCESS FOR TREATING PROTEINACEOUS FIBERS saddle 35 is formed with ears 40 which are at-l tached to the frame I Il by boltsi4I and with a plurality of radial passages 42 for the injection of a setting agent into the crimping, chamber.
  • the radial passages 42 communicate with an annular passage 43 in the saddle 35 which isclosed by a collar 44 to form an inlet manifold.
  • the fluid is supplied to the annular passage 43 by a pipe 45 registering with a port 46 in said collar.
  • the tube 33 carries a flanged extension I) to which a pair'of brackets 5I are attached.
  • a pair of doors 52 are hinged to the bracketsv 5I by hinges 53 and are held closed against the tapered end 54 of the extension 50 by weights 55 attached to arms 56 secured to the doors.
  • the rolls I I and I2 are driven by any suitable source of power and the fibers to, be crimped are fed thereto, preferably in the form of a rope or a web.
  • the fibers are held in th crimping and setting chambers by the doors until they have been packed sufficiently to force the doors slightly open against the force of the weights 55.
  • the back pressure of the packed fibers causes the fibers being forced against the packed bers b v the feed rolls to be folded over in zig-zag crimps, the spacing of which depends upon the nature of the fibers and the back pressure.
  • a setting agent such as yas steam, is introduced through the pipe 45 and passages 42 Ainto the mass of packed fibers.
  • the area of in-4 jection may be varied. but should be suiiiciently chemicals'to aid in producing a permanent set.
  • setting agents as tliloglycolic acid and its salts, such as calcium or sodium thioglycolate, formaldehyde, a sulfoxylate formaldehyde such as zinc or sodium, and the like, may be used.
  • tliloglycolic acid and its salts such as calcium or sodium thioglycolate, formaldehyde, a sulfoxylate formaldehyde such as zinc or sodium, and the like.
  • steam under pressure may be used.
  • the quality of steam should be selected to cause the fibers to reach the desired temperature and moisture content. Due to the packing of the mass of fibers, they are relatively impermeable to steam and steam pressures suited to produce the desired high temperatures may be used.
  • the fibers may enter the crimper at a pH of 4.0
  • Steam may be injected under conditions to spaced below the top of the saddle so thatl the mass of fibers forms a seal.
  • the pressure of the steam and the tapered setting chamber help to overcome or reduce the friction ofthe fibers against the walls and facilitate their passage through the setting chamber.
  • the raw wool is first opened, scoured. for example with soap and soda ash in several stages, then washed and dried in the usual manner to form stock wool.
  • the scouring and washing may be carried out under conditions to leave the stock wool with the desired pH for crimping.
  • This stock wool is fed directly at a ⁇ uniform rate to the feed rolls II and I2 of the crimper through a suitable hopper or may befed to a web-forming device such as a card and fed as a web or condensed into a rope which is fed to the feed rolls ,II and I2 as a sliver or slubbing. If a more uniform feed is required,
  • the stock wool may be picked and carded and condensed to a rope for the above purpose after one o'r more stages of carding.
  • a uniformity in density of feed stock is preferred to prevent jamming or slipping at the feed rolls or undue lateral movement of the feed rolls.
  • the fibers are stuffed by the feed rolls II and I2 into the crimping chamber and through 1the setting chamber and are forced ⁇ out of the bottom of the setting chamber against theA pressure exerted by the discharge doors 52.
  • the back pressure at the entrance of the crimping chamber controls the size of the crimp, a higher pressure causing a finer crimp (more crimps per inch)I and vice versa.
  • the settingA time varies inversely with lthe temperature.
  • hot water may be injectedinto the crimping and setting chambers and may contain added raise the temperature of the fibers to between 212 F. and 300 F. and produce a moisture content in the fibers leaving the setting chamber of 20% to 55%. A higher moisture content is not detrimental and may be desirable in certain instances.
  • With a pH of 8.0 to 9.0 a. setting time of to 70 seconds at 240 F. to 250 F. is sufficient to produce a set that will resist boiling for three minutes in water, or a minute dyeing cycle with little loss in crimp as evidenced by frequency and amplitude determinations.
  • a setting time of seconds to seconds is required to produce the same resistance to loss of set.
  • the setting time varies inversely with the pH, the other conditions being the sam/e.
  • the crimped fibers emerge from the crimper in the form of a very condensed tow or rope, which is easily opened and separated. It may then be carded, formed into a roving and spun in the usual manner.
  • the fiber thus crimped is characterized by sharp angular bends or crimps which may or may not be uniformly spaced, but are separated by relatively straight lengths of ber. It may be spun into yarn and skein dyed or may be picked and stocked dyed in the usual manner.
  • the artificially crimped yarn above described may be used for pile and Woven into pile fabrics such as Axminster rugs. It has been found that pile made of this yarn has a greater covering power than unorimped or naturally crimped wool,
  • the setting agent is a member selected from the group consisting of thioglycolc acid, arthioglycolate, formaldehyde, and a sulfoxylate formaldehyde.

Description

Nov. 20, 1951 L, w, RAINARD 2,575,837
PROCESS FOR TREATING PROTEINACEOUS FIBERS saddle 35 is formed with ears 40 which are at-l tached to the frame I Il by boltsi4I and with a plurality of radial passages 42 for the injection of a setting agent into the crimping, chamber. The radial passages 42 communicate with an annular passage 43 in the saddle 35 which isclosed by a collar 44 to form an inlet manifold. The fluid is supplied to the annular passage 43 by a pipe 45 registering with a port 46 in said collar.
At its lower end the tube 33 carries a flanged extension I) to which a pair'of brackets 5I are attached. A pair of doors 52 are hinged to the bracketsv 5I by hinges 53 and are held closed against the tapered end 54 of the extension 50 by weights 55 attached to arms 56 secured to the doors.
In the operation of the crimper, the rolls I I and I2 are driven by any suitable source of power and the fibers to, be crimped are fed thereto, preferably in the form of a rope or a web. The fibers are held in th crimping and setting chambers by the doors until they have been packed sufficiently to force the doors slightly open against the force of the weights 55. The back pressure of the packed fibers causes the fibers being forced against the packed bers b v the feed rolls to be folded over in zig-zag crimps, the spacing of which depends upon the nature of the fibers and the back pressure. y
A setting agent, such yas steam, is introduced through the pipe 45 and passages 42 Ainto the mass of packed fibers. Of course the area of in-4 jection may be varied. but should be suiiiciently chemicals'to aid in producing a permanent set. For example such setting agents as tliloglycolic acid and its salts, such as calcium or sodium thioglycolate, formaldehyde, a sulfoxylate formaldehyde such as zinc or sodium, and the like, may be used. At a temperature of 212 F. the maximum concentration of these agents before serious degradation occurs is as follows: y Per cent weight of the wool 'I'hioglycolic acid 3 Zinc sulfoxylate formaldehyde e 5 Formaldehyde does not degrade the fibers and may be used-in commercially available concentrations.
For higher temperatures, steam under pressure may be used. The quality of steam should be selected to cause the fibers to reach the desired temperature and moisture content. Due to the packing of the mass of fibers, they are relatively impermeable to steam and steam pressures suited to produce the desired high temperatures may be used.
The fibers may enter the crimper at a pH of 4.0
- to 9.0. Steam may be injected under conditions to spaced below the top of the saddle so thatl the mass of fibers forms a seal. The pressure of the steam and the tapered setting chamber help to overcome or reduce the friction ofthe fibers against the walls and facilitate their passage through the setting chamber.
In the present process, lthe raw wool is first opened, scoured. for example with soap and soda ash in several stages, then washed and dried in the usual manner to form stock wool. The scouring and washing may be carried out under conditions to leave the stock wool with the desired pH for crimping. This stock wool is fed directly at a` uniform rate to the feed rolls II and I2 of the crimper through a suitable hopper or may befed to a web-forming device such as a card and fed as a web or condensed into a rope which is fed to the feed rolls ,II and I2 as a sliver or slubbing. If a more uniform feed is required,
' the stock wool may be picked and carded and condensed to a rope for the above purpose after one o'r more stages of carding. A uniformity in density of feed stock is preferred to prevent jamming or slipping at the feed rolls or undue lateral movement of the feed rolls.
In either case, the fibers are stuffed by the feed rolls II and I2 into the crimping chamber and through 1the setting chamber and are forced` out of the bottom of the setting chamber against theA pressure exerted by the discharge doors 52.
The back pressure at the entrance of the crimping chamber controls the size of the crimp, a higher pressure causing a finer crimp (more crimps per inch)I and vice versa.
For equilibrium conditions of moisture content and pH, the settingA time varies inversely with lthe temperature. For temperatures below 212 F., hot water may be injectedinto the crimping and setting chambers and may contain added raise the temperature of the fibers to between 212 F. and 300 F. and produce a moisture content in the fibers leaving the setting chamber of 20% to 55%. A higher moisture content is not detrimental and may be desirable in certain instances. With a pH of 8.0 to 9.0 a. setting time of to 70 seconds at 240 F. to 250 F. is sufficient to produce a set that will resist boiling for three minutes in water, or a minute dyeing cycle with little loss in crimp as evidenced by frequency and amplitude determinations. With a pH of 4.0 to 4.5 at the same temperature, a setting time of seconds to seconds is required to produce the same resistance to loss of set. In general the setting time varies inversely with the pH, the other conditions being the sam/e.
The crimped fibers emerge from the crimper in the form of a very condensed tow or rope, which is easily opened and separated. It may then be carded, formed into a roving and spun in the usual manner.
- The fiber thus crimped is characterized by sharp angular bends or crimps Which may or may not be uniformly spaced, but are separated by relatively straight lengths of ber. It may be spun into yarn and skein dyed or may be picked and stocked dyed in the usual manner.
The artificially crimped yarn above described may be used for pile and Woven into pile fabrics such as Axminster rugs. It has been found that pile made of this yarn has a greater covering power than unorimped or naturally crimped wool,
gripping said fibers between closely spaced conf veyor surfaces discharging into a substantially closed zone, and forcing the gripped fibers into said zone against the pressure of a mass of fibers held compacted under pressure in said zone, said compacted with said setting agent under conditions to produce a permanent set of said crimp in said fibers, and withdrawing lthe crimped bers from said zone.
2. 'I'he method set forth in claim 1 in which the setting agent is steam.
3. The method set forth in claim 1 in which the setting agent is a member selected from the group consisting of thioglycolc acid, arthioglycolate, formaldehyde, and a sulfoxylate formaldehyde.
4. The method set forth in claim v1 in which the fibers are maintained in said zone at a temperature of 212 F. to 300 F. and with a moisture content above 20 at the discharge point.
5. The method set forth in claim 4 in which the setting agent is steam. l
6. An articially crimped proteinaceous fiber 6 having crimps separated by relatively straight Vfiber lengths and obtained as a product of the process defined in claim 1. Y
LEO W. RAINARD.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the flle of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,186,229 Ray June 6, 1916 1,353,337 Gordon Sept. 21, 1920 1,719,899 Mudd July 9, 1929 2,043,586 Kronheim June 9, 1936 2,139,543 Finlayson et al. Dec. 6, 1938 2,300,791 Lodge Nov. 3, 1942 2,321,757 Lodge June 15, 1943 2,390,572 De Brabander Dec. 11, 1945 2,394,165 Getaz Feb. 5, 1946 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 338,269 Germany June 30, 1921

Claims (1)

1. THE METHOD OF IMPARTING A PERMANENT ARTIFICIAL CRIMP TO TEXTILE FIBERS, WHICH COMPRISES GRIPPING SAID FIBERS BETWEEN CLOSELY SPACED CONVEYOR SURFACES DISCHARGING INTO A SUBSTANTIALLY CLOSED ZONE, AND FORCING THE GRIPPING FIBERS INTO SAID ZONE AGAINST THE PRESSURE OF A MASS OF FIBERS HELD COMPACTED UNDER PRESSURE IN SAID ZONE, SAID PRESSURE BEING ADAPTED TO CAUSE THE FIBERS TO BE PROGRESSIVELY FOLDED OVER AND CRIMPED AS THEY ARE DELIVERED FROM SAID CONVEYOR SURFACES, HOLDING THE MASS OF CRIMPED FIBERS COMPACTED UNDER A SUB-
US38657A 1948-07-14 1948-07-14 Process for treating proteinaceous fibers Expired - Lifetime US2575837A (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2698970A (en) * 1951-11-24 1955-01-11 American Cyanamid Co Tow crimper
US2734228A (en) * 1952-10-28 1956-02-14 Crimping apparatus
US2758358A (en) * 1953-08-06 1956-08-14 Alexander Smith Inc Filament crimping apparatus
US2933771A (en) * 1955-10-10 1960-04-26 Allied Chem Crimping apparatus
DE1285666B (en) * 1965-07-06 1968-12-19 Teijin Ltd Crimped composite polyester threads

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1186229A (en) * 1915-08-05 1916-06-06 Thomas Ray Machine for crimping or curling hair.
US1353337A (en) * 1919-08-28 1920-09-21 Gordon Thomas Process of curling hair or similar fibrous material
DE338269C (en) * 1916-01-09 1921-06-30 Hermann Wassmund Method and device for curling plain wool fibers
US1719899A (en) * 1928-11-19 1929-07-09 Manufacturers Machinery Compan Hair-curling machine
US2043586A (en) * 1933-07-28 1936-06-09 Kronheim Jacob Machine for making stuffing for furniture
US2139543A (en) * 1936-07-30 1938-12-06 Celanese Corp Production of crimped artificial filaments, fibers, and the like
US2300791A (en) * 1941-06-14 1942-11-03 American Viscose Corp Method and apparatus for crimping textile fibrous material
US2321757A (en) * 1941-07-22 1943-06-15 American Viscose Corp Method and apparatus for crimping textile fibrous material
US2390572A (en) * 1942-04-10 1945-12-11 American Viscose Corp Device for treating filamentary material
US2394165A (en) * 1943-04-23 1946-02-05 Getaz James Louis Processing of synthetic fibers

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1186229A (en) * 1915-08-05 1916-06-06 Thomas Ray Machine for crimping or curling hair.
DE338269C (en) * 1916-01-09 1921-06-30 Hermann Wassmund Method and device for curling plain wool fibers
US1353337A (en) * 1919-08-28 1920-09-21 Gordon Thomas Process of curling hair or similar fibrous material
US1719899A (en) * 1928-11-19 1929-07-09 Manufacturers Machinery Compan Hair-curling machine
US2043586A (en) * 1933-07-28 1936-06-09 Kronheim Jacob Machine for making stuffing for furniture
US2139543A (en) * 1936-07-30 1938-12-06 Celanese Corp Production of crimped artificial filaments, fibers, and the like
US2300791A (en) * 1941-06-14 1942-11-03 American Viscose Corp Method and apparatus for crimping textile fibrous material
US2321757A (en) * 1941-07-22 1943-06-15 American Viscose Corp Method and apparatus for crimping textile fibrous material
US2390572A (en) * 1942-04-10 1945-12-11 American Viscose Corp Device for treating filamentary material
US2394165A (en) * 1943-04-23 1946-02-05 Getaz James Louis Processing of synthetic fibers

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2698970A (en) * 1951-11-24 1955-01-11 American Cyanamid Co Tow crimper
US2734228A (en) * 1952-10-28 1956-02-14 Crimping apparatus
US2758358A (en) * 1953-08-06 1956-08-14 Alexander Smith Inc Filament crimping apparatus
US2933771A (en) * 1955-10-10 1960-04-26 Allied Chem Crimping apparatus
DE1285666B (en) * 1965-07-06 1968-12-19 Teijin Ltd Crimped composite polyester threads

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