US2575286A - Lubricating grease composition - Google Patents
Lubricating grease composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2575286A US2575286A US107648A US10764849A US2575286A US 2575286 A US2575286 A US 2575286A US 107648 A US107648 A US 107648A US 10764849 A US10764849 A US 10764849A US 2575286 A US2575286 A US 2575286A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- molecular weight
- acids
- grease
- soap
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 title claims description 40
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 34
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- -1 ALKALI METAL SALT Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- JRXXEXVXTFEBIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethoxypropanoic acid Chemical compound CCOCCC(O)=O JRXXEXVXTFEBIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 8
- JOOXCMJARBKPKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-oxopentanoic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)CCC(O)=O JOOXCMJARBKPKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- ICPWFHKNYYRBSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxypropanoic acid Chemical compound COC(C)C(O)=O ICPWFHKNYYRBSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229940040102 levulinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPCVNVLTHQVAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propoxypropanoic acid Chemical compound CCCOC(C)C(O)=O CPCVNVLTHQVAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC2=CC=CC=C2C=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VEZXCJBBBCKRPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-propiolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCO1 VEZXCJBBBCKRPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960000380 propiolactone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVNVAWHJIKLAGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(cyclohexen-1-yl)cyclohexan-1-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1C1=CCCCC1 GVNVAWHJIKLAGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWDCBSZUHUONCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propan-2-yloxypropanoic acid Chemical class CC(C)OC(C)C(O)=O MWDCBSZUHUONCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101150065749 Churc1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100038239 Protein Churchill Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001243 acetic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000061 acid fraction Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004106 butoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C\C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010696 ester oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- CCGKOQOJPYTBIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenone Chemical compound C=C=O CCGKOQOJPYTBIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HHFAWKCIHAUFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxide Chemical compound CC[O-] HHFAWKCIHAUFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003253 isopropoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(O*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000010688 mineral lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004672 propanoic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M5/00—Solid or semi-solid compositions containing as the essential lubricating ingredient mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
- C10M2207/124—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Ethers thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/34—Esters having a hydrocarbon substituent of thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. substituted succinic acid derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/108—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups etherified
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
- C10M2215/065—Phenyl-Naphthyl amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/02—Bearings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/10—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated semi-solid; greasy
Definitions
- This invention relates to a lubricating grease composition and more particularly to high temperature anti-friction bearing lubricating greases which are suitable for high temperature use. More particularly, the invention relates to a high temperature grease prepared from a lubricating oil thickened with an alkali metal soap of a higher fatty acid. in conjunction with an alkali metal salt of a low molecular weight oxy acid.
- metal salts particularly the metal salts of organic acids of low molecular weight
- metal soaps which are ordinarily employed as thickeners for lubricating grease compositions.
- metal salts oi the character referred to have utility for improving stability and high temperature properties, and the like.
- One such theory is that the addition of salts of low molecular weight acids to soaps oi! relatively high molecular weight results in the formation of a complex with superior grease thickening eilect and improved stability.
- compositions of this character are particularly receptive to the action of oxidation inhibitors and it is possible that the compositions themselves are more stable against oxidation than greases thicknened with soaps of high molecular weight carboxylic acids alone for example.
- the salts of certain low molecular weight oxy acids are highly useful as ingredients of lubricating reases.
- iurther object of the invention is to provide a lubricating grease composition comprising a lubricating oil thickened to a grease consistency with a combination oi the alkali metal soaps 0! low molecular weight oxy acids and high molecular weight aliphatic acids.
- the low molecular weight oxy acids which are employed in this invention contain an ether linkage and in this respect are similar to furoic acid, which is a heterocyclic unsaturated acid containing an ether linkage in a 5-membered ring.
- greases prepared by employing salts 0! alkoxy acids such as ethoxy propionic acid are in many respects similar to the excellent high dropping point greases prepared from Iuroic acid.
- levulinic acid this acid having an oxygen atom in a ketonic linkage
- greases are formed of relatively low dropping point, similar to the greases containing saturated straightchain acids having no oxygenin the hydrocarbon chain.
- the soaps oi levulinic acid and straight chain aliphatic acids are difllcult to disperse in mineral oil even at elevated temperatures.
- the structure of the oxy acids mentioned above are shown below:
- B. may be methyl
- R may be'similar divalent groups.
- methoxy propionic acid, ethoxy propionic acid, nand iso-propoxy propionic acids, nand isopropoxy acetic acids-and secondary butoxy acetic with the desired lubricating oil an alkali metal salt of a low molecular weight oxy acid with an alkali metal salt of a high molecular weight substantially saturated aliphatic acid.
- the metallic element of the salts as well as of the soaps may be any of the alkali metals. sodium.
- the relative proportions of the high molecular weight soap and of the low molecular weight salt may be varied rather widely. In molecular proportions, it is preferred to use 1 to 3 parts of the soap with about 1 to 2 parts of the salt. In general, however, it is preferable that the molecular proportions be more nearly equal and specifically, proportions of about 1 to 1 appear to be the most satisfactory.
- the quantity of the soap and salt ingredients to be used in a given grease composition vary with the type of grease which is desired and also with the kind and the viscosity of the oil which is used as a liquid base. For a still grease composition, the total quantity of soap and salt may approach 50% of the weight of the final composition. on the other hand, for a soft grease, the total proportion of soap and salt may be as low as about 5% based on the weight of the entire composition.
- the grease should consist of a lubricating oil having a viscosity of about 35 to 200 S. S. U. at 210 F. containing about 3 to 30% by weight of the metal soap of a Cl: to C2: of fatty acid or glyceride along with 2 to 20% by weight of the metal salt of the low molecular weight oxy acid.
- ethoxy propionic acid is preferred to form the low molecular weight oxy acid portion.
- other oxy acids such as methoxy propionic acid and propoxy propionic acid may be used.
- the sodium soap and the sodium salt of ethoxy propionic acid are specifically preferred.
- a substantially saturated fatty acid having an average chain length in the range of 12 to 22 carbon atoms is utilized, however any of the fatty acids known in the art of grease manufacture may be employed.
- the higher molecular weight acids are preferred.
- These preferred acids consist predominantly of acids having a carbon chain length of 18 or slightly higher. They may be natural products such as stearic. arachidic. or the hydrogenated acids obtained from tallow or fish oil acid fractions.
- mineral base lubricating oils are preferred but the invention is not necessarily limited to the mineral base oils.
- Various synthetic oils may also be used.
- certain synthetic esters especially the dlbaslc acid esters. such as dl-Z-ethyl-hexyl sebacate and homologous and analogous esters are preferred for certain purposes ingrease making.
- the lithium soap grease of such compounds, modified with the sodium or lithium salts of ethoxy propionic acid, and the like are particularly useful for lubrication at very low temperatures.
- High temperature spindle test 204 bearing, 10,000 R. P. M., 300 F., 400 hours; bearing failure grease in good condition.
- this invention comprises the formation of an improved high temperature 2 lubricating grease composition which consists essentially of a lubricating oil base thickened to a grease consistency with the desired amount of the alkali metal salt of a low molecular weight oxy acid, in conjunction with the alkali metal 2 salt 01' a high molecular weight saturated aliphatic acid.
- a lubricating grease composition consisting essentially of a lubricating oil thickened to a grease consistency with from 5 to by weight of a mixture of an alkali metal soap of a high molecular weight fatty acid and an alkali metal salt of a low molecular weight oxy acid having the general formula:
- R and R" are saturated aliphatic radicals and R plus R" contain a total of at least 2 and not more than 7 carbon atoms.
- a lubricating grease composition consisting essentially of a mineral base lubricating oil thickened to a grease consistency with from 3 to 20% by weight, based on the total composition or an alkali metal soa of a mixture of aliphatic substantially saturated fatty acids having an average carbon chain length within a range of from 12 to 22 carbon atoms and from 2 to 15% by weight of an alkali metal salt of ethoxy propionic acid.
- composition according to claim 5 wherein said alkali metal soap is sodium soap and said alkali metal salt is sodium salt.
- composition as in claim 1 wherein said lubricating oil is a synthetic ester oil.
- a lubricating grease composition suitable for high temperature service consisting essentially of a lubricating oil thickened to a grease consistency with substantially equal molar proportions of an alkali metal salt of ethoxy propionic acid and an alkali metal soap 0! a mixture of substantially saturated fatty acids having an average carbon chain length within a range of from C1: to C22.
- composition according to claim 8 wherein said alkali metal salt is sodium salt and wherein said alkali metal soap is sodium soap.
- a lubricating grease composition consisting essentially of 6% by weight ethoxy propionic acid, 15% by weight of a mixture of hydrogenated, substantially saturated, flsh oil acids, having an average chain length within a range of from C1: to C22, 4.4% by weight sodium hydroxide, 73.6% by weight of a coastal type mineral lubricating oil having a viscosity at 210 F. of S. S. U. and a minor amount of phenyl alpha naphthylamine.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Description
Patented Nov. 13, 1951 2.575.286. wnmoa'rma GREASE 'comrosrr'ron Arnold J. Money, Clark-Railway, and Paul V. Smith, Jr., Westfleld, N. 1., asaignors to Standard Oil Development Company, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application July 29, as,
i cam Serial 1 This invention relates to a lubricating grease composition and more particularly to high temperature anti-friction bearing lubricating greases which are suitable for high temperature use. More particularly, the invention relates to a high temperature grease prepared from a lubricating oil thickened with an alkali metal soap of a higher fatty acid. in conjunction with an alkali metal salt of a low molecular weight oxy acid.
It has been suggested in the prior art that for some purposes, it is advantageous to combine certain metal salts, particularly the metal salts of organic acids of low molecular weight, with the metal soaps which are ordinarily employed as thickeners for lubricating grease compositions. Various investigators have round that the addition of metal salts oi the character referred to have utility for improving stability and high temperature properties, and the like. There appear to be several theories as to the operation of such metal salts in conjunction with the metal soaps. One such theory is that the addition of salts of low molecular weight acids to soaps oi! relatively high molecular weight results in the formation of a complex with superior grease thickening eilect and improved stability.
Whatever may be the phenomena involved, the addition of salts of low molecular weight compounds appears to be particularly advantageous in connection with greases of alkali and alkaline earth metal soap bases. The low molecular weight salts appear in many cases, at least, to improve the physical structure of the grease. Compositions of this character are particularly receptive to the action of oxidation inhibitors and it is possible that the compositions themselves are more stable against oxidation than greases thicknened with soaps of high molecular weight carboxylic acids alone for example.
Suggestions in the prior art have included the use 01' metal salts of low molecular weight carboxylic acids which are saturated, such as acetic and propionic acids, and even more recently it has been suggested that certain of the lower unsaturated acids, such as acrylic acid, and crotonic acid and the like may be used as soap thickener adjuncts.
According to the present invention, the salts of certain low molecular weight oxy acids are highly useful as ingredients of lubricating reases.
It is the object 01! this invention, therefore, to prepare an improved grease suitable for antiiriction bearing and related surfaces at elevated temperatures, 1. e., temperatures in the neighborh of from 30010 350 and even higher. A
"Claims. ((1253-41) iurther object of the invention is to provide a lubricating grease composition comprising a lubricating oil thickened to a grease consistency with a combination oi the alkali metal soaps 0! low molecular weight oxy acids and high molecular weight aliphatic acids.
The low molecular weight oxy acids which are employed in this invention contain an ether linkage and in this respect are similar to furoic acid, which is a heterocyclic unsaturated acid containing an ether linkage in a 5-membered ring. In fact, greases prepared by employing salts 0! alkoxy acids such as ethoxy propionic acid are in many respects similar to the excellent high dropping point greases prepared from Iuroic acid. Other acids containing oxygen-are apparently quite different. For example, when levulinic acid is employed, this acid having an oxygen atom in a ketonic linkage, greases are formed of relatively low dropping point, similar to the greases containing saturated straightchain acids having no oxygenin the hydrocarbon chain. In addition, the soaps oi levulinic acid and straight chain aliphatic acids are difllcult to disperse in mineral oil even at elevated temperatures. The structure of the oxy acids mentioned above are shown below:
Mol. weight 1 11s cm-cm-o-om-cm-coon Ethoxy propionic acid 112 O-CH=CHCH=CC 0 OH Furoic acid OIL-Pi-CHr-CHr-C 0 0H Levulinic acid 116 CHr-CHr-CHrCHrCHr-COOH 'Caproic acid -Ethoxy propionic acid, which is the preferred of the low molecular weight oxy acids operable in this invention, may be prepared from betapropiolactone by reaction with ethyl alcohol. The beta-propiolactone may be prepared from formaldehyde and ketene. The preparationof this acid is described in the Journal of American Chemical Society. vol. 70, pa es 998-1006 (1948) It may also be prepared by adding ethanol to acrylonitrile or acrylic esters followed by hydrolysis or by the reaction of an alkali ethoxide with B-halopropionic acid.
The oxy acids which are employed in the greases oithis invention have the formula:
- acreage a' and R" being saturated aliphatic radicals and R and R" containing a total of at least 2, and
not more than 7 carbon atoms. B. may be methyl,
ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec. butyl, t-butyhamyl, etc. while R" may be'similar divalent groups. Specific mention may be madeof methoxy propionic acid, ethoxy propionic acid, nand iso-propoxy propionic acids, nand isopropoxy acetic acids-and secondary butoxy acetic with the desired lubricating oil an alkali metal salt of a low molecular weight oxy acid with an alkali metal salt of a high molecular weight substantially saturated aliphatic acid. In general, the metallic element of the salts as well as of the soaps may be any of the alkali metals. sodium. however, is the preferred embodiment of the invention. It is within the concept of the invention, however, to use mixtures of sodium and lithium, i. e. the sodium salt of the low molecular weight oxy acid may be used in conjunction with the lithium salt of the high molecular weight saturated fatty acid and vice versa.
The relative proportions of the high molecular weight soap and of the low molecular weight salt may be varied rather widely. In molecular proportions, it is preferred to use 1 to 3 parts of the soap with about 1 to 2 parts of the salt. In general, however, it is preferable that the molecular proportions be more nearly equal and specifically, proportions of about 1 to 1 appear to be the most satisfactory. Further, the quantity of the soap and salt ingredients to be used in a given grease composition vary with the type of grease which is desired and also with the kind and the viscosity of the oil which is used as a liquid base. For a still grease composition, the total quantity of soap and salt may approach 50% of the weight of the final composition. on the other hand, for a soft grease, the total proportion of soap and salt may be as low as about 5% based on the weight of the entire composition.
In general, the grease should consist of a lubricating oil having a viscosity of about 35 to 200 S. S. U. at 210 F. containing about 3 to 30% by weight of the metal soap of a Cl: to C2: of fatty acid or glyceride along with 2 to 20% by weight of the metal salt of the low molecular weight oxy acid. In general, ethoxy propionic acid is preferred to form the low molecular weight oxy acid portion. However. as it was pointed out above, other oxy acids, such as methoxy propionic acid and propoxy propionic acid may be used.
For ordinary anti-friction bearing greases, the sodium soap and the sodium salt of ethoxy propionic acid are specifically preferred.
In the preferred embodiment of this invention a substantially saturated fatty acid having an average chain length in the range of 12 to 22 carbon atoms is utilized, however any of the fatty acids known in the art of grease manufacture may be employed. For ease of dispersion generally the higher molecular weight acids are preferred. These preferred acids consist predominantly of acids having a carbon chain length of 18 or slightly higher. They may be natural products such as stearic. arachidic. or the hydrogenated acids obtained from tallow or fish oil acid fractions.
For the liquid phase of the grease, mineral base lubricating oils are preferred but the invention is not necessarily limited to the mineral base oils. Various synthetic oils may also be used. As is fweu known in theart of grease making, certain synthetic esters, especially the dlbaslc acid esters. such as dl-Z-ethyl-hexyl sebacate and homologous and analogous esters are preferred for certain purposes ingrease making. --According to this invention-the lithium soap grease of such compounds, modified with the sodium or lithium salts of ethoxy propionic acid, and the like, are particularly useful for lubrication at very low temperatures. Other synthetic oil base greases such as those-employing the polyglycok or the glycol ethers are also contemplated as being within the scope of this invention. The combined soaps and salts may be used to thicken mixtures ofmineral oil and synthetic oil as well as being useful with either type of oil alone.
As an example of the concept of this invention, a grease composition containing the ethoxy propionic acid and its properties are described below:
Formulation:
Method of preparation The hydrogenated fish oil acids and V3 01 the mineral oil were charged to a fire heated grease kettle and the temperature raised to 150 F. The ethoxy-propionic acid was charged and the acids immediately coneutralized with a 30% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. The temperature was raised to 220 F. and when the soap concentrate was fairly dry additional oil was slowly added while raising the temperature to 440 F. All of the oil should be added by this time. The phenyl alpha naphthylamine was added and the grease drawn into pans for cooling. The cold grease was returned to the kettle for homogenization and then filtered and packaged.
Properties Per cent free alkali, 0.12 as NaOH.
Appearance, yellow-smooth short fiber.
Dropping point, F., 446.
Worked penetration, mm./10, 306.
Structure stability to mechanical working, penetration after 100,000 strokes, fine hole worker plate, 339 mm./ 10.
Water washing test 1?. water temperature) per cent loss, 0.0.
Wheel bearing test, 6 hours at 220 F., pass; conditions and lubrication excellent.
High temperature spindle test, 204 bearing, 10,000 R. P. M., 300 F., 400 hours; bearing failure grease in good condition.
For comparison tests on greases having similar formulations but employing, furoic, ethoxy propionic,'levulinic and caproic acids respectively are given below:
Basic formulation 6.0% low molecular weight acid.
15.0% hydrogenated fish oil acid.
4.4% NaOH.
73.6% mineral oil with a viscosity at 210 F. of
500 S. S. U.
1.0 phenyl alpha naphthylamlne.
amazes Emmi r i Le ul'ni Propionic mo v 1 c Caproic Acid Acid Acid Acid Per Cent Free Alkalinity 0.12 0.06 0. 27 0.25 Worked Penetration (77 F.) 306 234 358 Grease did not make. Structural Stability (Penetration 100,000 339 I 272 Semi Fluid" Soap separates out.
Strokes in worker). Dropping Point, "F 446 488 378 Dispersability oi Soap Excellent. Fair Poor Wheel Bearing Test, 6 hours at 220 F Pass Pass.... Fail The above results show that the sodium soap of ethoxy propionic acid in combination with the sodium soap of hydrogenated fish oil acids is easy to disperse and gives an excellent grease of high dropping point and structural stability which is somewhat softer than the furoic acid product.
To summarize briefly, this invention comprises the formation of an improved high temperature 2 lubricating grease composition which consists essentially of a lubricating oil base thickened to a grease consistency with the desired amount of the alkali metal salt of a low molecular weight oxy acid, in conjunction with the alkali metal 2 salt 01' a high molecular weight saturated aliphatic acid.
What is claimed is:
1. A lubricating grease composition consisting essentially of a lubricating oil thickened to a grease consistency with from 5 to by weight of a mixture of an alkali metal soap of a high molecular weight fatty acid and an alkali metal salt of a low molecular weight oxy acid having the general formula:
wherein R and R" are saturated aliphatic radicals and R plus R" contain a total of at least 2 and not more than 7 carbon atoms.
2. A lubricating grease composition according to claim 1 wherein said low molecular weight oxy acid is ethoxy propionic acid.
3. A lubricating grease composition according to claim 1 wherein said low molecular weight oxy acid is methoxy propionic acid. a
4. A lubricating grease composition according to claim 1 wherein said low molecular weight oxy acid is propoxy propionic acid.
5. A lubricating grease composition consisting essentially of a mineral base lubricating oil thickened to a grease consistency with from 3 to 20% by weight, based on the total composition or an alkali metal soa of a mixture of aliphatic substantially saturated fatty acids having an average carbon chain length within a range of from 12 to 22 carbon atoms and from 2 to 15% by weight of an alkali metal salt of ethoxy propionic acid.
6. A composition according to claim 5 wherein said alkali metal soap is sodium soap and said alkali metal salt is sodium salt.
7. A composition as in claim 1 wherein said lubricating oil is a synthetic ester oil.
8. A lubricating grease composition suitable for high temperature service consisting essentially of a lubricating oil thickened to a grease consistency with substantially equal molar proportions of an alkali metal salt of ethoxy propionic acid and an alkali metal soap 0! a mixture of substantially saturated fatty acids having an average carbon chain length within a range of from C1: to C22.
9. A composition according to claim 8 wherein said alkali metal salt is sodium salt and wherein said alkali metal soap is sodium soap.
10. A lubricating grease composition consisting essentially of 6% by weight ethoxy propionic acid, 15% by weight of a mixture of hydrogenated, substantially saturated, flsh oil acids, having an average chain length within a range of from C1: to C22, 4.4% by weight sodium hydroxide, 73.6% by weight of a coastal type mineral lubricating oil having a viscosity at 210 F. of S. S. U. and a minor amount of phenyl alpha naphthylamine.
ARNOLD J. MORWAY. PAUL V. SMITH, JR.
REFERENCES crrEn The following references are of record in th file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number 'Name Date 2,468,098 Morway et al. Apr.-26, 1949 2,487,080 Swenson Nov. 8, 1949 OTHER REFERENCES Serial No. 361,581, Giloy (A. P. 0.), published May 25, 1943.
Claims (1)
1. A LUBRICATING GREASE COMPOSITION CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF A LUBRICATING OIL THICKENED TO A GREASE CONSISTENCY WITH FROM 5 TO 20% BY WEIGHT OF MIXTURE OF AN ALKALI METAL SOAP OF A HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT FATTY ACID AND AN ALKALI METAL SALT OF A LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT OXY ACID HAVING THE GENERAL FORMULA:
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US107648A US2575286A (en) | 1949-07-29 | 1949-07-29 | Lubricating grease composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US107648A US2575286A (en) | 1949-07-29 | 1949-07-29 | Lubricating grease composition |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2575286A true US2575286A (en) | 1951-11-13 |
Family
ID=22317704
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US107648A Expired - Lifetime US2575286A (en) | 1949-07-29 | 1949-07-29 | Lubricating grease composition |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2575286A (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2690429A (en) * | 1952-04-07 | 1954-09-28 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Grease compositions containing an aryl oxy alkyl salt as a stabilizer |
| US2739127A (en) * | 1952-07-02 | 1956-03-20 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Lubricating grease containing organic carbonates |
| US2779736A (en) * | 1952-10-25 | 1957-01-29 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Production of lubricating greases from oxo esters |
| US2799656A (en) * | 1953-06-23 | 1957-07-16 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Novel complex lubricating grease composition |
| US2801973A (en) * | 1952-12-20 | 1957-08-06 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Grease process utilizing the alkali fusion of aldehydes |
| US2801972A (en) * | 1952-12-01 | 1957-08-06 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Manufacture of lubricating greases by alkali fusion of ether alcohols |
| US2844536A (en) * | 1954-04-30 | 1958-07-22 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | High temperature complex grease manufacturing processes |
| US2846392A (en) * | 1953-10-21 | 1958-08-05 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Metal soap-salt complexes and lubricants containing same |
| US2861043A (en) * | 1954-10-06 | 1958-11-18 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Complex grease containing inorganic salt thickener |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2468098A (en) * | 1948-02-18 | 1949-04-26 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Grease composition |
| US2487080A (en) * | 1947-11-28 | 1949-11-08 | Standard Oil Co | Grease |
-
1949
- 1949-07-29 US US107648A patent/US2575286A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2487080A (en) * | 1947-11-28 | 1949-11-08 | Standard Oil Co | Grease |
| US2468098A (en) * | 1948-02-18 | 1949-04-26 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Grease composition |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2690429A (en) * | 1952-04-07 | 1954-09-28 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Grease compositions containing an aryl oxy alkyl salt as a stabilizer |
| US2739127A (en) * | 1952-07-02 | 1956-03-20 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Lubricating grease containing organic carbonates |
| US2779736A (en) * | 1952-10-25 | 1957-01-29 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Production of lubricating greases from oxo esters |
| US2801972A (en) * | 1952-12-01 | 1957-08-06 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Manufacture of lubricating greases by alkali fusion of ether alcohols |
| US2801973A (en) * | 1952-12-20 | 1957-08-06 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Grease process utilizing the alkali fusion of aldehydes |
| US2799656A (en) * | 1953-06-23 | 1957-07-16 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Novel complex lubricating grease composition |
| US2846392A (en) * | 1953-10-21 | 1958-08-05 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Metal soap-salt complexes and lubricants containing same |
| US2844536A (en) * | 1954-04-30 | 1958-07-22 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | High temperature complex grease manufacturing processes |
| US2861043A (en) * | 1954-10-06 | 1958-11-18 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Complex grease containing inorganic salt thickener |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US2468098A (en) | Grease composition | |
| US2607735A (en) | Alkaline earth metal soap greases | |
| US2417429A (en) | Complex basic soap greases | |
| US2455892A (en) | Lubricating greases and method of making the same | |
| US2487080A (en) | Grease | |
| US2575286A (en) | Lubricating grease composition | |
| US2371333A (en) | Organic detergents for lubricating oil | |
| US2417431A (en) | Lubricants | |
| US2451895A (en) | Synthetic grease | |
| US2847383A (en) | Synthetic diester lubricating oils | |
| GB601346A (en) | Improvements in or relating to lithium base lubricating grease compositions and method of preparing the same | |
| US2641577A (en) | Lithium-calcium lubricating grease composition | |
| US2576032A (en) | Lubricating grease | |
| GB816318A (en) | Lubricating compositions | |
| US2332247A (en) | Lubricant | |
| US2589973A (en) | Lubricating grease composition | |
| US2503969A (en) | High-temperature lubricating grease | |
| US2690429A (en) | Grease compositions containing an aryl oxy alkyl salt as a stabilizer | |
| US2566157A (en) | Triple ether lubricant | |
| US2623854A (en) | Lubricating grease compositions | |
| US2576031A (en) | Lubricating grease containing soaps of tall oil | |
| US2586693A (en) | Lubricating grease | |
| US2581127A (en) | High-temperature lubricating grease | |
| USRE22299E (en) | Lubricating composition | |
| US2750341A (en) | Lubricating grease comprising a synthetic oil and a complex thickener |