US2565970A - Tension measuring instrument - Google Patents

Description

D. W. KEEF ET AL TENSION MEASURING INSTRUMENT Aug. 28, 1951 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Nov. 24, 1944 llllllllllll 1 m I I I Fig. l

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2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Dennis W. Keef Ray C. Berger INVEN T 0R5 A tt'orney Patented Aug. 28, 195T 2,565,970 TENSION MEASURING INSTRUMENT Dennis W. Keef. and Ba Oreg.; said Borger as y C. Borger, Portland, signor to said Kecf Application November 24, 1944, Serial No. 564,958

Claims. 1

This invention relates to measuring instruments and more particularly to instruments for measuring tension forces.

Traction dynamometers which have been provided heretofore for measuring tension forces, such as the loading of a cable, have been of such design as to render their use impractical except under certain conditions. Frequently the nature of the load is such that the tension in the line may fluctuate rapidly with sharp jerks and which may even vary suddenly from zero to a value beyond the breaking limit of the-line. Traction dynamometers as heretofore provided cannot be used under such conditions because in the event of a jerky pull the inertia of the moving elements of the indicator mechanism is such that the mechanism is frequently permanently injured or the accuracy of the instrument thrown off. Furthermore, if a load is suddenly thrown across the instrument which is greater than the full scale capacity the indicating element is stressed beyond its elastic limit and its useful life ended.

It is an object of the present invention, therefore, to provide a new and improved measuring instrument of the class described which is relatively rugged and suitable for use under abnormal conditions without being susceptible to injury.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a traction dynamometer which is particularly suitable for measuring tension forces which may be subject to unexpected rapid and wide variations.

More specifically, it is an object of the present 4 invention to provide a traction dynamometer which is not susceptible to injury even under excessive overload conditions, and which is provided with a built in safety device designed to assume the load in case of failure of the tension element due to repeated stressing or excessively low temperatures.

A still further object of the present invention is to provide a traction dynamometer having means for preventing the application of excessive stresses to the tension sensitive elements thereof and also means for safeguarding against injury to the indicator mechanism due to rapid variations of forces within the operatin range I of the instrument.

In accordance with an illustrated embodiment of the invention a traction dynamometer is provided consisting of a tension sensitive element and an indicator mechanism responsive to changes in condition of the tension sensitive element. For preventing application of stress to the tension sensitive element beyond the elastic limit thereof a slide bolt and stop arrangement is provided for assuming the load beyond a predetermined safe limit. The indicating mechanism is furthermore so designed and constructed that shocks transmitted thereto through the tension sensitive element under rapid fluctuations in the measured force will be absorbed without likelihood of causing injury to the movable indicator parts.

For a considerable of which is believed novel and inventive attention is directed to the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings while the features of novelty will be pointed out with greater particularity in the appended claims.

In the drawings, Fig. 1 is a fragmentary view of the front side of the measuring instrument constructed in accordance with the present in.- vention; Fig. 2is a rear view of the instrument shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a side view of the instrument; Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of the indicator mechanism embodied in the instrument and shown with the cover removed; Fig. 5 is a fragmentary detail view taken along the line 5-5 of Fig. 4.

Referring first to Figs. 1, 2 and 3, the measuring instrument of the invention comprises a tension sensitive element, including a pair of how spring members It and I2, and an indicating mechanism l 3 responsive to changes of condition of the tension sensitive element. The bow spring members H and I2 are secured relatively together at their opposite ends in a spaced-apart relation. Clevises l4 and I5 are mounted by means of bolts I 6 and I1, respectively, on the opposite ends of the'springs for the attachment of a load to the instrument though it is to be understood that the clevises may be replaced by any other suitable attachment means. It will be apparent that if the instrument is placed in tension by a pull applied to the opposite clevises l4 and [5 the bow springs II and I 2 will tend to straighten out and the space there-between will vary in accordance with the magnitude of the pull. It will be noted that the bolts I6 and I1 extend at right angles through the holes in the opposite ends "of the springs H and 12 so that the pull on the clevises will be transmitted accurately thereto.

In order to avoid injury to the instrumentby excessive overloading and stressing of the bow spring elements H and I2 beyond their elastic limit means are provided for assuming the load beyond a predetermined safe limit. It will be observed that the opposite ends of the bow springs II and I2 are spaced apart by a heavy cylindrical member 18, washers l9 and the legs of U-shaped members 20 arranged between the opposite ends of the member l8. and the washers [9. The ends of the springs H and I2, the spacers l8, washers springs 'ticular'attentioniris' directed to the fact that'the by means of a nut 24 threaded onto the upper end of the bolt, the lower surface'of thenut 2econforming to the radius of curvature of the inner rounded end of the member29. A collar is fastened onto the bolt 23 next'adjacent the outer surface of the end of =the=.U-shaped mem ber 20. The lower end of the bolt 23 is slideably arranged through a corresponding aperture provided in the lower U-shaped member 20. A stop is providedonttheilower endlof the bolt 23 in" the" form" of a. nut 21, theupper. surface of which is rounded to conform. with. thecurvature of the inner end ofthe. lower'U-shaped member 20; In the unstressed condition of the bow springs H and. i2 a: spacevis' provided between the stop nut 21 and the end of the U-shaped member-20 which space 318 adjusted: so that upon the: application: of l a tension .force tothe instrument-the stopi-nutf2'l will :engagexwiththe end of th'e "U -shaped member'wasthe' predetermined safe load rfor. the bow springs H and: i2 -is approached. All

stresses'above such: predetermined value Willlbe carried by the safety bolt-'23' and thus positively precludev stressing. ofthe bow H and l2"beyond:'theirsafe limit. Parbolt; 23 extends in: straight alignment with the forceswhich may be applied to: the: instrument.

Itfwilli be observed thattheaspr-ingsvll and 5-2.

are bowed outwardly with respect I to each other "providing therebetweena a. space for the: safety bolt arrangement as well as for the indicator m'ecluanism l3? The: indicator: mechanism 13 comprises a housing cured -tothe bow-spring substantially at the midpoint thereof; For mountinggth'ehous-ing 3!, arpairiof smallnlugs 32 and i33raretwelded tothe edges ofthe spring*= I l :and. to which-lugs: a. strap extension 34' of ithEhOUSing '3! may besecured by "the screws35i The di'al' 36- isz secured tothe housing 3 I .andcwhich dial is suitably calibrated and traversed by'aipointer: or hand- 31; The indicating instrument I l 3 is responsive to changes 3| which as; shown, is

in condition of the .bow springs H and l2under load or, inotherwords, to.variations inthe spacing between theicentral" portionsof the outwardly bowe'd spring. elements": H and I2. Secured to the spring element I2 bymeans-of: pads 39 mounted on the "latter 'iszanactuator stem 4! whiclrextendsinto the'instrument housing 3| as shown more clearly. in the enlarged. view of Fig.4;

' Referring nowto the -views of- Figs 4 and 5,

the::indicator mechanism comprises a spindle .43 rotatably mountedin suitablebearingsatits op,-

posite ends and with its axis of rotation extending' at-right'angles to thedirection of movement ofzthe-actuator stem 41; The-hand 31 is secured torthe end of the: spindle 43 on..the face vof the dial and, asillustrated, theend. of the'spindle is protected withinaraisedrbead 44 provided on the dialconcentric with theend ofthe spindle,

the-end of the pointer. 3'? extendingup over the rim-44. With this structure, it will beseen that the outer end of the spindle 43 is protected against damagesuoh as might be caused, forexample, by a wire-rope dragged relatively across the dial or by the instruments falling against A3 and movable therewith is a spool 45 around whichis wound a cable Ali-the end thereof being suitably attached to the/spool. The spindle is biased in a direction of rotation to keep the cable tautby keeping it wound up on the spool 45 by means of a helical spring 48 connected between the spindle and the bearing plate 49.

The-cable 46'- extends from the spool 45 over a roller 51 mounted in the end of the actuator stem 41, from there over the range adjustment roller 52 mounted upon an adjustable support 53 while the outer end of the cable is anchored as at 54 onto the end of a shock absorbing leaf spring 55. The-opposite -end of the leaf spring-55 is suitably secured to the housing as shown at 56. During the normal operation of the instrument the actuator stem 4! will move linearly into th interior of the: housing: 3! and-'theroller 51 in the end of the stem M bearing: against the cable 46 will cause it to unwind fromz'the spool 45 and to rotate the hand 31 over the dialscal'e to give a registration of the applied tension force. Upon withdrawal of the stemJlI 'from'th housing the pointer'will bereturned tozero'by. the spring 48. A suitable dust seal fid isprovidedon the housing3'l about the stem 4! tom'inimizaentrance of foreignparticles into the interiorof the housing.

It will be obvious that thespindleda and spool 45- together with hand 31 "will possess considerable: inertia and that if the. actuator stem 41 should he suddenly driven into" the housin 3 I by virtue of' a heavy jerk: in the line attached to the opposite ends of the-instrument thev cable 56 might bebroken, or stretched, the spindle- 43 bent, the hand 31 snappedoffor'the instrument otherwise damaged. The resilient anchoragefor the outer end of i the cable 4i; will satisfactorily prevent any such injury occurring to. the'instrumerit. Theleaf'spring 55 possesses a'strength considerably greater than that of the helical spring 48 particularly when it is noted thatthe moment arms of their points ofi'application on spool-'43 and spindle 45' appreciably favors leaf spring 55. Also, leaf spring 55- possesses a strength considerably less than the breaking strength of cable 46 so that any sudden'movement of the actuator stem into the housing will simply result in flexing of the leaf spring 55'unti1 the opposite" end of the cable has had full opportunity to unwind from the spool 45 and rotate the hand 3'! through the proper-angle. Zero adjustment of the hand 37 is effected 'by means of the zero adjusting screw 62, the inner end of which forms a back stop for the outer endof the leaf spring 55 adjacent the anchor 54 for the cable 45;

Control of the movement characteristics of the pointer. withrespectto degrees of movement of the stem 4| may be effectedby suitable selection of-the length of the actuator stem 41 with particularregard tothat portion extending into the interior of the housing 31 and also by adjustment of the'roller 52. The supportin bracket 53 for the roller. 52 is movable along the inner wall of the housing 3|, its position of adjustment being-capable of being fixed by the screws 64 extendingthrough a slot in the sidewall of the housing 3!, the inner ends of the screws 64 being threaded into the bracket 53. By movement of "the bracket and. roller 52 in a direction along the sidewall of'the housing the angle between relatively great angle between these two cable portions an increment of movement of the stem 4| will cause a relatively small angle of movement of the hand 31. On the other hand, by

"decreasing the angle between the portions of the cable on the opposite sides of the roller 5| the same increment of movement of the stem 4| will cause a larger angle of movement of the hand 31.

As is well known by those skilled in the art,

upon application of load, the bow springs I I and I2 move toward each other at a progressively decreasing rate with increase in load and as the springs approach the straightened condition. By proper adjustment of the position of the adjustable roller 52, compensation can be made for the decreasing movement characteristics of the bow springs by increasing the rate of angular movement of the spindle 43 per increment of inward movement of the actuator stem 4!. Referring to Fig. 4, it will be observed that, in the relative position of the parts shown, a relatively large angle is formed between the rollers 5| and 52. As the stem 4| is moved inwardly of the housing 3| upon application of load, the included angle between the stem and the cable portion between rollers 5| and 52 becomes smaller. As explained above, as this angle decreases, the rate of movement of the spindle 43 increases progressively 'with respect to the inward rate of movement of the stem 4|. By suitable adjustment of the position of the roller 52, complete compensation may be effected so that the pointer 3'! attached to the spindle 43 will move across the face of the dial with a straight line characteristic throughout the full range of the instrument capacity.

It will be obvious from the description given that many variations may be made from the details illustrated and described. For example, the invention is not limited to the specific form of how springs shown but any resilient or spring means susceptive of deformation under a tension force is represented thereby. Furthermore, it will be obvious that the indicating mechanism described may equally well be used in connection .with other means for registering changes of dimensions, shape, or relative positions.

In the appended claims we specifically intend to cover not only the whole combination but also the sub-combinations of the present disclosure in all the various modifications and variations as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.

The invention is hereby claimed as follows:

1. In an instrument of the class described, a pair of bow springs arranged with their bow portions extending outwardly with respect to each other, spacer means arranged between the opposite ends of said pair of springs and rigidly connected thereto, a clevis connected to each of the opposite ends of said pair of springs for attaching a load thereto, an indicator means arranged between said pair of springs and fixedly mounted on one thereof, an operating stem fixedly connected to the other of said springs and operatively associated with said indicator means for causing it to register in accordance with the loading of said springs, a, bolt rigidly connected to the spacer at one end of said springs and slidably arranged relative to the spacer at the opposite end of said springs, said bolt extending in an aligned relation between said clevises, a stop on said slideable end of said bolt and means secured to the end of said springs adjawithsaid stop for limiting the loading of said pair of springs.

2. An instrument of the class described, comprising a pair of bow springs arranged with the bows thereof extending outwardly in opposite directions, spacer means arranged between the opposite ends of said pair of springs, a clevis attached to the opposite ends of said pair of springs for attaching a load thereto for causing said springs to straighten under influence of load, an indicator means arranged between said pair of springs and fixedly mounted upon one thereof, a stem fixedly secured to the mid-portion of the other of said pair of springs and operatively associated with said indicator means for causin it to register in accordance with the loading on said pair of springs, said spacer means at each of the opposite ends of said springs including a U-shaped member, a bolt rigidly secured at one end to one of said U-shaped members, the opposite end of said bolt being slideably arranged through an aperture in the opposite U-shaped member, a stop on the outer end of said bolt and adapted to engage with the inner surface of said corresponding U-shaped member upon pre-determined loading of said device for precluding overstressing of said pair of bow springs.

3. An indicator instrument comprising a housing, a spindle mounted in said housing, a cable wound about said spindle and having one end fastened thereto, an anchor for the opposite end of said cable, an actuator stem slideably mounted in said housing for movement in a plane at right angles to said spindle, the end of said stem engaging with said cable between said spindle and said anchor for causing unwinding of said cable and movement of said spindle, a resilient support for said anchor for absorbing the shock of sudden forward movements of said stem.

4. An indicator instrument comprising a housing, a spindle mounted in said housing, a cable wound about said spindle and having one end fastened thereto, an anchor for the opposite end of said cable, spring means connected to said spindle for normally maintainin said cable taut between said spindle and said anchor, an actuator stem slideably mounted in said housing for movement in a plane at right angles to said spindle, a roller in the end of said stem engagin with said cable between said spindle and said anchor, a leaf spring secured at one end to said housing and supporting said anchor at the opposite end, a screw providing an adjustable back-stop for the end of said leaf spring and a zero adjustment for said spindle.

,5. An indicator instrument comprising a housing, a spindle in said housing, a cable wound about said spindle and fastened thereto, an adjustableanchor for the outer end of said cable,

spring means biasing said spindle in such a direction of rotation as to maintain said cable taut, an actuator stem slideably mounted in said housing and movable in a plane at right angles to said spindle, said stem being adapted for engagspindle. whereby the angular movement of said spindle per increment of linear movement of said stem may be controlled.

6. In an instrument of the class described, a.

pairrof elongated bow springs, aspacer arranged betweentheopposite endsof said pair ofsprings and rigidly connected thereto, said spacer at each oftheopposite ends of said springs including a Iii-shaped member, theclosed ends-of said me bers extending toward each other between said springs, aligned openings in the adjacent ends of each'of'said members,- a bolt extending through said openings, stops on the outer ends of said bolt adapted to engagewith the inner surface-of the corresponding adjacent member upon predetermined; loading. of said instrument for precluding overstressing of said springs.

'7. In an instrument of the class described, a pair'of-bow springs arranged with the-bows thereof extended outwardly in oppositedirections, a U-shaped member arranged between each of the opposite ends of said pair of bow'springs, a spacer arranged between the ends of each of said U.- shaped members, said springs, members and spacers-being rigidly secured together, the closed ends of said members extending toward each otherbetween said springs, aligned openings in the adjacent ends of said members, a bolt arranged through said openings and having a stop on each of. the outer ends thereof adapted to engage. with the inner surface of said members upon predetermined loadin of said instrument for precluding'overstressing of said springs, a'pin at each of the opposite ends of said instrument extending through the end portions of said springs and the end portions of said member and spacer therebetween and a clevis connected to the opposite. ends of said pin on each of the opposite endsof said instrument forattachment of a load thereto.

8. In a dynamometerof the class described. including a pair of .bow spring members having means for attaching a load to the opposite ends thereof and in which the midlportions of the spring members tend to move toward each. other upon application of load but at a progressively decreasing. rate with increase in load, the combination comprising an indicator housing mounted onone of said spring, members, a spindle mounted in said housing at right angles with respect to the plane of movement of said springmembers, a cable having one end portion wound about said spindle and with the end of said portion fastened thereto, aresilient anchor for the opposite end of said cable, an actuator stem secured to the other. of said pair offspring members and extending intosaid housing for movementin a plane at right angles to said spindle, a roller. in the end of said stem bearing against said cable, an adjustment roller mounted on said housing and supporting said cable between said .stem and said anchor, anadjustable support for said adjustment roller, meanslior adjusting said ad ustment roller. support for controlling the angle between said stem and the 'cable portion between said stem and said'adjustinent roller so as to vary the rate of the progressively greater angular movement of said spindle upon inward movement of said stem. and

compensate for the decreasing characteristic of said spring members.

9, In a bow spring dynamometer of the class described including a pair of bow spring members having means for attachment or a load to the opposite ends thereof and in which the mid portions of the springs tend to move toward each other upon application of load but at a progressively decreasing rate with further increase: in load, the combination-comprisingan indicator"housing mounted onone of said spring members, a spindle mounted in said housing at right angles with respect to the plane of movement of said bodysprings, a cable having one end portion wound about said spindle and with the end of said portion fastened thereto, an adjustable support for said cable spaced front-said spindle; an actuator stern secured to the other of said pair of spring members and extending into said housing for movement in a plane at right'angles to said spindle, a roller in the end of said stem bearing against said cable between said spindle and said support, means for adjusting said support for varying the angle betweenisaid stem'and the cable portion between saidstem and said support so as to vary the rate ofthe progressively greater angular movement of said spindle upon inward movement ofsaid stem. and compensate for thedecreasing characteristic of said spring members.

10. he bow springdynamometer of the class described the combination including apair of bow spring members having means for attachment of aload to the-opposite ends thereof and in which the-mid portions of the springs tend to move toward each other upon application of load but at a progressively decreasing rate with further increase in load, an indicator housing mounted on one of said spring members, a spindle mounted in said housing at right angles with respect to the plane of movement of said body springs, a cable having one end portion wound about said-spindle and with the end of said portion fastened thereto, an adjustable support-for saidcable spaced from said spind1e,1an actuator stern secured to the'other oi said pair of spring members and extending intosaid housingfor movement in a plane at right angles to said spindle, a rolier'i'n the end of said stem bearing against said cable between said spindle and said support, said support and saidz spindle being spaced a considerable distancefrom the opposite sides of said stern,- means foradjusting said support for varying the (angle between said stem and the cable portion between said stem and said support so as to vary the rate of the progressively greater angular movement of said spindle upon inward movement of said stem and compensate. for the decreasing movement characteristic of said spring members.

DENNIS W. KEEP, RAY C. BORGER.

REFERENCES CITED The'following references are of record in the file-of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 15,608 Gibbs Aug. 26, 1856 283,627 Logan Aug. 21, 1883 342,550 Ward May 25, 1886 1,006,924 Erb Oct. 24, 1911 1,580,430 Gaines Apr. 13, 1926 1,614,354 Faber Jan. 11, 1927 1,696,148 Camp Dec. 18;,1928 1,842,502 Blomquist Jan. 26, 1932 2,287,299 Dillon June 23,1942

FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 12,922 Great Britain 1908 311,315 Germany Mar. 12, 1919

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