US2565931A - Method of forming alkaline earth metal and magnesium sulphides - Google Patents

Description

Patented Aug. 28, 1951 Mahlon ,J. Rentschlen, Willoughby; Oliio; Delia L.

Rentschler, executrix of said MahlonJ; Rentschler, deceased; assi Willoughby, Ohio gnor to; Albert Pavlik;

Nornmwin" rrii-zr.1948;f

Serial No. 22,511v I This. invention relates to the formation. of metal sulphides, especially to the formation/of relatively pure sulphides of th alkaline. earth metalsand magnesium.

Many methods for the production of the sul.-

phides of the alkaline earths and magnesia have been proposed in chemical; literature. The most common commercial methodv for producing the sulphides of barium, and strontium is th so called black ash process. The ordinary commercial operation for carrying out this process consists in subjecting the natural sulphates of these elements to, the action of carbon at high temperatures. This method is not satisfactory Where a pure product is desiredbecause the impurities contained in the ores used are contained in the finished products. vAmong these. impurities are silica, iron oXidesQaIuminum oxide, etc., contained in the natural oresaswell as in the commercial carbons used for the reduction. In-. stead of using the natural sulphate ores-and. impure carbons it is possible to. use the purified sulphates and pure carbons. Theresulting prodnets are still impure because it is.- necessaryto use carbon inexcess quantities in order to secure a complete reduction and this excess of carbon pollutes the finishedproduct. For this reason the sulphides found on themarketmanufactured by this process are generally described as gray, or black depending upon the excess carbon usedin the reduction. If the" reduction is incomplete, unconverted barium sulphateis also present as an impurity in these products. Furthermore, there is also produced in practice of theabove process, a certain percent of barium carbonate which contaminates the finished sulphide.-

It also is not possible to produce pure calcium sulphide by any, known. process whereas no one, insofar as I am aware, is able to supply a stable magnesium sulphide; Y

The general object-of this inventionis to'provide a process forproducing.relativelypure metal sulphides of the alkaline earths and magnesium.

Another object of the invention is to provide a process for the manufacture of metal sulphides by a quantitative reaction.

A further object is to produce sulphides which are stable at high temperatures and which do not oxidize appreciably at ordinary room temperatures, when kept dry.

Another object of the invention is t produce a stable magnesium sulphide by a commercial process.

Yet a further object of the invention is to produce metal sulphides by an uncomplicated, easily 5"Claims.- (Cl; 2'3134) controlled process wherein excessive heating of the reaction mixture" and/or reaction products'fi's not detrimental. v l r The foregoing and other Objectsand advantages of the inventionwill be made apparent as the specification proceeds;

I have found that: instead of usingthe sulfphates of the metals from wh'ichthe sulphides are to 'be formed, that if the carbonates of the materials. in question'areused and heated in di rect contact with sulphur; then a direct produc tion of a relatively'pure'sulphide can be achieved. Themetalli'c carbonates are artificially formed materials and are purer than the sulphates used in previous types of sulphideforming; processes. Even-if the purified sulphates and pure carbons areused'in' the black ash'process, the carbon will still bepresent in the end product: In prac tice of the present invention; the carbonate is intimately mixed Withsulphurin aball mill or other suitable mixer; after which" the mix'ture'ifs heatedor. fired in a: suitable container to a; tem perature of above 1000" Cf" 'Thisheating; orfiring operation is continued until the chemical" reac'- tion of the components of the mixture is driven to completion. The-ingredients react, as follows: XCO3+2S=XS+CO+SOm X in; the foregoing formula may be barium; strontium; calcium or magnesium; and it has 'further been found that the above" reaction isquantitative whereby "mof-f lecular weights of the" materials can be used to of the metallic-sulphide;

As an illustration, if it is' clesired t'o' produce pure strontium sulphide; the starting material would" be" strontiun'r carbonate and the' resultant sulphide would be" strontium sulphide. This re-'-- action thenis "bestproduced bymixing 147.64 partsby weight of} pure strontium carbonate with fi l-zlz par'ts byweiglit of sulphur. Inas much as the secondaryproductsfrom theabo-ve reaction aretlie "gases,-carbonmonoxide and phur dioxide plus the-desired solid-sulphide, the gases pass out of the reaction chamber as the gases are formed, and the metallic sulphide remains.

Without any further processing, the metallic sulphide is ready for use, after it is cooled.

One of the essential steps in the above process is that the reacting materials be heated to a temperature high enough to reduce any carbon dioxide produced to carbon monoxide, so that the above reaction will occur as outlined. The temperature required to achieve this complete reduction of carbon dioxide is about 1000 C. (183 2 F.)

forma corresponding"mole'cular' weight amount phides produced are of relatively high purity since sulphides with 90% or more of the desired sulphide material have been consistently achieved by practice of this invention using commercial raw materials. Furthermore, the end products are free from caustic oxides and thus much less harmful to the human skin than sulphides produced by other known processes, since such sulphides usually contain caustic oxides. Due to the greater concentration of sulphide in the end product in relation to the composition of sulphides produced by other methods, the product duce a metal sulphide, carbon monoxide, and sulphur dioxide with the carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide passing oil as gases, and cooling the sulphide of said metal.

2. That method of forming a metallic sulphide comprising the steps of intimately mixing sulphur with only a carbonate of a material from the group consisting of the alkaline earth metals and. magnesium, heating the mixture to a temperature above 1000" C. until a complete reaction between the components of the mixture is efiected to produce a metal sulphide, carbon monoxide, and sulphur dioxide, and cooling the sulphide of said metal.

3. That method of forming a metallic sulphide comprising the steps of intimately mixing suli phur with a carbonate of a material from the of theinvention is much more effective in its 5 action. Furthermore, sulphides of the invention are free from polysulphides; and also do not contain free sulphur if the reaction is carried to completion.

Further advantages of the sulphides manufactured by the process of this invention are that such sulphides are stable at high temperatures and do not oxidize appreciably at ordinary temperatures if kept dry. The products are uniform in their chemical composition since their reaction is quantitative. The end products are of high purity due to the purifying action of the high operative temperatures used and due to consumption of all of the starting material in the reaction of the invention. No harm is done by excessive heating of the reaction vessel after the chemical action has been completed so that it is desirable to continue the reaction until it is definitely proceeded to completion.

- Pure" in this specification is used in a relative sense and does not mean 100% concentration of a material referred to as being pure, but it does denotethat such material is relatively pure in comparison with similar materials heretofore produced.

The results of practice of the invention are repetitive and can be duplicated by use of similar operating conditions at different times.

While one complete embodiment of the invention has been disclosed herein, it will be appreciated that modification of this particular embodiment of the invention may be resorted to without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

What is claimedis:

1. That method of forming relatively pure metallic sulphides comprising the steps of intimately mixing sulphur with a carbonate of a material from the group consisting of the alkaline earth metals and magnesium in a ratio of exactly two molecular weights of sulphur and one of the carbonate, heating the mixture to a temperature above 1000 C. until a complete reaction between the components or the mixture is efiected to progroup consisting of the alkaline earth metal and magnesium in a ratio of about two molecular weights of sulphur and one of the carbonate and heating the mixture to a temperatur high enough to form carbon monoxide and 'a sulphide of said metal.

4. That method of forming a metallic sulphide comprising the steps of intimately mixing sulphur with a carbonate of a material from the group consisting of the alkaline earth metals and magnesium in a ratio of about two molecular weights of sulphur to one of the carbonate, heating the mixture to a temperature above 1090 C. to produce a reaction between the components of the mixture and form a sulphide of said metal.

5. That method of forming relatively pure metallic sulphides comprising the steps of intimately mixing sulphur with a carbonate of a material from the group consisting of the alkaline earth metals and magnesium in a ratio of exactly two molecular weights of sulphur and one of the carbonate, and heating the mixture to a temperature above 1000 C. until a complete reaction between the components of the mixtur is effected to produce a sulphide of said metal, carbon monoxide, and sulphur dioxide with the carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide passing off as gases.

MAHLON J. RENTSCHLER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,044,452 Halland Nov. 12, 1912 2,090,446 Gardner et a1. Aug. 17, 1937 2,223,631 MacMullin Dec. 3, 1940 2,358,661 Sarge Sept. 19, 1944 2,492,716 Sprague Dec. 27, 1949 OTHER REFERENCES Chemical and Biological Laboratory Apparatus, Catalog 0-227, Central Scientific 00., Chicago, 111., 1927, pages'705-735.

Claims (1)

1. THAT METHOD OF FORMING RELATIVELY PURE METALLIC SULPHIDES COMPRISES THE STEPS OF INTIMATE LY MIXING SULPHUR WITH A CARBONATE OF A MATERIAL FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF THE ALKALINE EARTH METALS AND MAGNESIUM IN A RATIO OF EXACTLY TWO MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF SULPHUR AND ONE OF THE CARBONATE, HEATING THE MIXTURE TO A TEMPERATURE ABOVE 1000* C., UNTIL A COMPLETE REACTION BETWEEN THE COMPONENTS OF THE MIXTURE IS EFFECTED TO PRODUCE A METAL SULPHIDE, CARBON MONOXIDE, AND SULPHUR DIOXIDE WITH THE CARBON MONOXIDE AND SULPHUR DIOXIDE PASSING OFF AS GASES, AND COOLING THE SULPHIDE OF SAID METAL.