US2565708A - Electronic valve for operating on very short waves - Google Patents

Electronic valve for operating on very short waves Download PDF

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Publication number
US2565708A
US2565708A US749468A US74946847A US2565708A US 2565708 A US2565708 A US 2565708A US 749468 A US749468 A US 749468A US 74946847 A US74946847 A US 74946847A US 2565708 A US2565708 A US 2565708A
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Prior art keywords
control
electrons
pulsation
high frequency
collector
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Expired - Lifetime
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US749468A
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English (en)
Inventor
Warnecke Robert
Bernier Jean
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Thales SA
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CSF Compagnie Generale de Telegraphie sans Fil SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/10—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator
    • H01J25/12—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator with pencil-like electron stream in the axis of the resonators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/78—Tubes with electron stream modulated by deflection in a resonator

Definitions

  • This invention is relating to electronic valves operating on very short waves.
  • the present invention has for its object to improve considerably the efliciency of all valves which are based, in the main, on a periodically variable transit time of the electrons resulting from the action on the beam of an adequate system of control, such as velocity modulation valves with control by longitudinal action or by transverse action of a high frequency field.
  • This invention consists in a particular arrangement and novel design-oi the system of control for amplifier valves; and at the same time of the system of control and of the collector system for auto-oscillator valves.
  • the characteristic element common to all valves of the type forming the object of the invention is a particular arrangement of the system of control.
  • the improyed design on which this arrangement is based is the simultaneous action of several high frequency fields of suitable form which will be determined hereafter in such manner that the electronic current wave result ing therefrom, lends itself better to a considerable exchange of energy with the high frequency held, or the high frequency fields of the collector.
  • the object of this arrangement is to permit an optimum disturbance or a disturbance close to the optimum disturbance or perturbation to be applied to the beam resulting from the preceding generalities by the simultaneous action of several harmonic high frequency fields.
  • Figures 1a and 1b show, diagrammatically, and respectively the electrode arrangement for longitudinal and transverse action of the high frequency field on the beam;
  • Figure 2 shows diagrammatically a velocity modulated beam tube with longitudinal control and using a drift space
  • Figure 2a is a fragmentary view showing a modification of Figure 2 wherein the adjacent cavity resonators are separated;
  • Figure 3 shows diagrammatically an electrode arrangement for a velocity modulated beam tube with transverse control
  • Figure 4 shows diagrammatically an electrode arrangement for the collector of the beam tube operating in accordance with a characteristic of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a diagrammatic showing of a velocity modulated beam tube having control and collector systems in accordance with my invention and adapted to operate as a self-oscillator;
  • Figure 6 is a diagrammatic showing of a velocity modulated beam tube with longitudinal control and employing a deflector field
  • Figure 7 shows diagrammatically a velocity modulation valve with retarding field.
  • valves with longitudinal control there is employed a system of three electrodes A, B1, B2 fed by two sinusoidal potentials U1 sin of and U2 sin 20:15, it will be possible to obtain for the ideal valve conceived according to the present invention a theoretical efiiciency of approximately 73% and this according to What has been stated above, with a negligible high frequency control power.
  • the valve has oscillating circuits comprising resonant spaces of revolution about the axis of the electron beam, having a profile of retracted form and known as rhumbatron, but it is to be clearly understood that this particular type of oscillating circuit is only given by way of example and can be applied to transit time valves for very short waves, the associated oscillating circuits of which comprise other systems such as sections of transmission lines or wave guides.
  • an emissive cathode K is shown as heated by a filament F; in front of the cathode K are placed three gratings or grids A, B1 and B2.
  • a and B1 are incorporated in the walls of a rhumbatron R1; B1 and B2 in the walls of a rhumbatron R2.
  • the rhumbatrons R1 and R2 are illustrated with a common wall but this particular arrangement is not obligatory and in no way restrictive, as the rhumbatrons R1 and R2 may be separated by a space in which, for example, there is no field.
  • a Faraday cage 12 formed for example by a metallic tube electrically eonnects the gratings B2 and M.
  • M and N and MN and NN are the electrodes between which the electric field acts which is developedin the energy collector formed by a rhumbatron R3 and others that may be used.
  • A, B1, B M and N are raised to a constant potential U0.
  • P is an electrode which collects the electrons after their passage in the collector due to a positive polarisation Up which is regulated to a value just sufficient to collect them all.
  • the rhumbatrons R1 and R2 are designed and adjusted in such manner as to have reciprocally self-oscillation pulsations equal to 2w and w, .0: being the vibration pulsation of the rhumbatron R3 If R1 and R2 are excited with alternating potentials of pulsations 2c and w and of suitable phase so that the fields acting longitudinally of the beam have slight amplitudes but in the ratio of approximately 1 to 2 according to the elementary theory developed above, and if, the distance 52M is judiciously chosen to correspond to the potentials according to the said theory, then the duration of transit of the electrons between B2 and M is given by the equation hereinabove stated and the efiiciency of such a valve will be approximately 73%.
  • valve illustrated in Figure 2 supplying energy on the pulsation is requires two control potentials, one at the pulsation w and the other as the pulsation 2w.
  • these two potentials may be chosen very small by providing a suitable construction and the corresponding. high frequency powers may then be very small compared with that which appears in the collector. A fraction of the latter appearing negligible at first, may thus be taken from the collector R3 and delivered in correct phase into the rhumbatron R 2 to furnish the excitation at the pulsation w.
  • the valve obtairied'rriay then be considered as a retroactive amplifier which, excited by an independent high frequency source of pulsation 20: supplies energy at the pulsation w.
  • This useful energy may be, as is well known, transmitted to the utilisation load by a line 14 connected to a loop b4 which is located in the collector.
  • the oscillating circuits (L131) (L2B2) and C are formed of sections of a transmission line
  • K is the cathode
  • P the electrode collecting the electrons (at a potential Up 0, with respect to K just sufiicient to collect all the electrons)
  • D is a diaphragm serving at the same time as a focalising lens
  • B13 2 are the two pairs of electrodes of the control system
  • G1G2 the grids limiting the high frequency field of the collector C
  • D, 131, B2, G1 are at the same continuous current potential U0.
  • L1 is the quarter wave element of the transmission line which, connected to the pair of electrodes B1 forms an oscillating circuit of pulsation 02/2.
  • L2 is the quarter wave element of the transmission line which, connected to the pair of elec trodes B2, forms an oscillating circuit of pulsatiOl'l w.
  • L'3L"3 are elements of the transmission line which formwith G1G2 an oscillating system of pulsation w.
  • 7 b1 is the coupling loop of L1 with the source S of pulsation (0/2, and is connected to the latter by the line Z1.
  • ha is the coupling loop of L's with the utilisation circuit 13 and b2 is the coupling loop of L2 with the source of pulsation w.
  • L2 can be excited by means of a small part of the energy of the collector connecting 192 by a line Z to a loop bs placed in the vicinity of L3.
  • the valve can then be considered as a regenerative amplifier which, excited by an independent high frequency source of pulsation w/2, delivers energy at the pulsation w.
  • This collector is arranged in such manner that it causes several high frequency electric fields (more or less limited) oscillating with pulsations.
  • the maximum efficiency is obtained when the valve is regulated in such manner that the greater part of the electrons (if not the whole) issuing from the system of control in the course of a period, pass at the same instant through the collector.
  • the collector is thus excited by impulses of pulsation 10.
  • impulses of pulsation to permit oscillatory system of pulsation no to be excited.
  • the valve illustrated diagrammatically in Figure is a velocity modulation valve and with drift conversion in a space free from field. It is provided withonly the control electrodes A, B1 and B2 and outlet electrodes M, N; and N2; that is to say, that for the control and the taking of ener y, only two fields in each case are caused to act, in accordance with what has been stated above these two fields which are juxtaposed resonating on 'w and 2w.
  • the rhumbatrons R1 and R4 are regulated to resonate on 2w.
  • the rhumbatrons R2 and R3 are regulated to resonate on w.
  • the energy which can be employed at the pulsation to will be transmitted to the load by a line 13 and the loop be located in the principal collector of energy R3.
  • Figure 6 illustrates diagrammatically a velocity modulation valve by longitudinal control and with deflector field.
  • the control and. collector sys-, tems as also the coupling systems are similar to those of the preceding valve.
  • the rhumbatrons R1R2R3 and R4 are raised to the same continuous current potentials Uo; P at the potential Up 0 is the electrode collecting electrons and H at the continuous current potential UH is the deflecting electrode.
  • Figure '7 illustrates diagrammatically a velocity modulation valve with retarding field; the grouping of the electrons is effected by total reflection and the system of control operates at the same time as a collector of energy.
  • This is composed essentially of two rhumbatrons R1 and R2 of pulsation 2w and raised to the continuous potential U0; P is the reflectingelectrode, raised to a negative potential with respect to the cathode K.
  • the electrons coming from K are modulated in velocity by the system RiRz grouped in the space R zP and traversing afresh the system R1R2 where they give up their energy.
  • valves with retarding fields and with sinusoidal control have a maximum theoretical efliciency lower than that of drift space valves. This is due principally to the restrictions of phase and of non-reflection of the electrons by the high frequency field, which do not exist in drift space valves. If, owing to the addition, according to the present invention, of several high frequency fields, it is possible to improve the grouping of the electrons and to be left free to a certain extent of the restriction of phase, the restriction of non-reflection of the electrons by the high frequency field still persists. The latter results in that U /U0 is at the most of the order of 0.70 instead of 1, and thus the maximum efiiciency is of the order of 50% instead of 73%.
  • Electron beam tube comprising, a composite input resonator for producing a periodic velocity variation of the electrons and constituted by at'least two side-by-side elementary resonators each comprising a group of two grids between which there is connected a resonant circuit, means connected to said input resonator providing a drift space for causing the velocity modulated electron beam to form into bunches while traversing this space, and an output resonator connected to said means for receiving the radio frequency energy of the bunched electron beam comprising a resonant circuit tuned to a fundamental frequency with means for connection to a utilization circuit, the resonant fundamental frequencies of said elementary resonators being chosen respectively equal to the said fundamental frequency and harmonics thereof, where n is the number of elementary resonators.
  • Electron beam tube according to claim 1 in which any two of the successive elementary resonators comprise a common grid.
  • Electron beam tube according to claim 1 in which the output resonator is in the form of a group of elementary resonators of which the number and the electrical characteristics are similar to those of the input resonator, and coupling means between the elementary resonators the frequencies of which correspond to each other in the input and output resonators,
  • the tube behaves as a generator of waves at the fundamental frequency.
  • the output resonator is in the form of a group of elementary resonators of electrical characteristics similar to those of the input resonator, each of the elementary resonators of the input resonator being coupled with a corresponding elementary resonator of the output resonator, with the exception of one at least thereof, from among those of which the resonant frequency is an harmonic of said fundamental frequency, and means comprising a sinusoidal voltage source outside the tube and coupling means between said source and said last mentioned res- 9 onator for externally exciting it by said harmonic frequency.

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US749468A 1942-09-19 1947-05-21 Electronic valve for operating on very short waves Expired - Lifetime US2565708A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR978489T 1942-09-19

Publications (1)

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US2565708A true US2565708A (en) 1951-08-28

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Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US2565708A (nl)
BE (1) BE452103A (nl)
CH (1) CH259230A (nl)
FR (1) FR978489A (nl)
GB (1) GB636877A (nl)
NL (1) NL69062C (nl)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3060341A (en) * 1960-04-08 1962-10-23 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Traveling wave tube
US3076117A (en) * 1959-04-27 1963-01-29 Gen Electric Parametric energy converter
US3155868A (en) * 1959-10-14 1964-11-03 Nippon Electric Co Plural resonator cavities tuned to integrally related frequencies
US5506473A (en) * 1990-06-15 1996-04-09 Thomson-Csf Electron gun for providing electrons grouped in short pulses

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2304186A (en) * 1939-12-14 1942-12-08 Int Standard Electric Corp Velocity modulated tube
US2305883A (en) * 1940-07-13 1942-12-22 Int Standard Electric Corp Frequency multiplier
US2409224A (en) * 1941-10-23 1946-10-15 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Oscillator
US2411289A (en) * 1941-07-18 1946-11-19 Westinghouse Electric Corp Beat oscillator
US2424959A (en) * 1940-09-21 1947-08-05 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Tube arrangement for frequency doubling
US2452048A (en) * 1943-07-12 1948-10-26 Sperry Corp Frequency conversion apparatus

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2304186A (en) * 1939-12-14 1942-12-08 Int Standard Electric Corp Velocity modulated tube
US2305883A (en) * 1940-07-13 1942-12-22 Int Standard Electric Corp Frequency multiplier
US2424959A (en) * 1940-09-21 1947-08-05 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Tube arrangement for frequency doubling
US2411289A (en) * 1941-07-18 1946-11-19 Westinghouse Electric Corp Beat oscillator
US2409224A (en) * 1941-10-23 1946-10-15 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Oscillator
US2452048A (en) * 1943-07-12 1948-10-26 Sperry Corp Frequency conversion apparatus

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3076117A (en) * 1959-04-27 1963-01-29 Gen Electric Parametric energy converter
US3155868A (en) * 1959-10-14 1964-11-03 Nippon Electric Co Plural resonator cavities tuned to integrally related frequencies
US3060341A (en) * 1960-04-08 1962-10-23 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Traveling wave tube
US5506473A (en) * 1990-06-15 1996-04-09 Thomson-Csf Electron gun for providing electrons grouped in short pulses
DE4119517C2 (de) * 1990-06-15 2002-09-19 Thomson Csf Elektronenkanone zur Erzeugung von in kurzen Impulsen gruppierten Elektronen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR978489A (fr) 1951-04-13
CH259230A (fr) 1949-01-15
NL69062C (nl)
GB636877A (en) 1950-05-10
BE452103A (nl)

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