US2565545A - Expansible awning - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 28, 1951 s. P. CARD 2,565,545

EXPANSIBLE AWNING 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Sept. 16, 1946 JNVENTOR.

Samuel P Carol BY A TTORNEY g- 28, 1951 s. P. CARD 2,565,545

EXPANSIBLE AWNING Filed Sept. 16, 1946 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. -Scmvue/ P. Cord A T TORNEY Aug. 28, 1951 s, CARD 2,565,545

EXPANSIBLE AWNING Filed Sept. 16, 1946 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 IN VEN TOR.

gamue/ P Cara fiwm jlT TORNE Y Patented Aug. 28, 1951 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 12 Claims. 1

This invention has to do with an expansible and ventilated awning. Among its chief features of advantage is its capacity for expansion and contraction in three dimensions. Other advan tages are found in the fact that the framework of the awning may be increased or decreased in both width and length, and that the covering material of the awning may be adjusted to afford protection over a space of any required size or shape or contour, and that such covering material may be adjusted to positions of greater or less distance from the frame or made to lie a fixed distance from the frame.

The primary function of an awning is to protect any given area from the elements of sun and rain and inclemencies of the weather. The protected area may be that of the ground, a porch, deck or roof, a wall opening, such as a door or window, or an areaway. Such area will be cooler in summer if the awning be ventilated.

To provide such protection, and at the same time allow free movement of air, it is desirable that awnings be ventilated; and the inclusion of means for ventilation is a further advantage to my expansible awning.

In the past, it has been the usual practice to have awnings custom-built, to protect an area of given size and dimensions; and such practice was been quite expensive. It has not permitted large quantity production of standard sized awnings to protect given areas, because such areas are of almost incalculable size and variety.

Heretofore, where attempts have been made for quantity production of awnings of a standard size, such awnings were found usable, of course, only above areas of like or corresponding size. A few usual openings in the walls of buildings could thus be protected; but building openings are found in such a variety of sizes that a great amount of measuring and hand manufacturing of special and custom-made awnings continues to be necessary.

My invention undertakes to properly protect areas and openings of every normal kind and character usually tobe found in all manner of buildings and structures, whether residential, commercial, industrial, or other. Through the use of my invention, a few standard ranges of sizes and materials to be assembled together will suffice to satisfy all such demands. This is so because each of my awnings has a considerable range as to the size of the surface it may protect; and one of my awnings may be easily expanded or contracted, so that one and the same awning may properly and economically be made to protect spaces of several sizes, widths and lengths.

Whether contracted or expanded, my awnings present a balanced, uniform and symmetrical appearance, which is artistic and attractive. They have the appearance of the most costly custommade awnings; and their fit into a required position is even more exact than the custom-made jobs, because they can be adjusted to a perfect nicety.

The result of my invention has been that standardization of manufacture greatly lessens the cost of building and erecting awnings. The most perfect fitting job can be had for a relatively small price, and with great savings of labor and time. Not only is this true in the manufacture of awnings, but it is especially true in the hanging and erecting of the awnings.

Among the objects of my invention will be found the following:

(a) An awning capable of expansion and contraction to desired length and breadth.

(b) An adjustably expansible awning of ventilated character, the ventilation of which may be maintained in all of its various positions of adjustment.

(0) An expansible frame for an awning which may be adjustably extended from or brought nearer to a supporting member, so that the angle of inclination of the awning may be changed at will and secured as desired.

((1) An awning frame which permits of adjustment so as to define an area of greater or less extent from and before the wall on which it may be hung.

(e) An awning frame so adjustable laterally as to increase or decrease the extent of the space of the wall which may be protected by the awning.

(f) A telescopic awning frame capable of adjustment in three dimensions.

(g) Means to secure and hold an expansible awning in any position of expansion and at any angle of inclination from the wall or other member which may support it.

(h) Awning covering material so capable of adjustable expansion over a frame that the plane of the covering material may be increased or decreased in either direction.

(2') Expansible awning covering material provided by a series of uniformly shaped members, so constructed that rain will run off of the awning without passing through it, and that air may pass freely through the awning at each and every stage of expansion or contraction of such material.

material and movably attached to such frame.

(m) A quantity manufactured awning of standardized parts and shapes which may be cheaply made, packaged in small compass, shipped knocked-down, assembled at the place of installation by unskilled labor, and adjust ably expanded to exactly fit the space to be covered.

The accompanying drawings present preferred forms of my awning, and of expansible frames, and of expansible covering materials, and of means for the attachment and adjustment of the several elements. of the awning. Various changes may be made in such forms and structures without departing from the spirit and objects of my invention.

In the drawings:

Fig. I is a perspective view of a typical adjustable awning, carrying two types of expansible covering material.

Fig. II is a perspective view of an adjustable awning frame capable of extension in three? dimensions, and having a slideably adjustable telescopic transverse brace.

Fig. III is an elevational view of means for slideably connecting transverse braces to the main awning frame.

Fig. IV is a plan view taken along line ll Of Fig. III.

Fig. V shows a hinged joint between a member of the awning frame and a member of an adjustable awning leg.

Fig. VI is a perspective View of a section of an awning carrying three different types of ex pansible covering material, two of which are attached to supporting clips adjustably carried on a lateral member of the frame.

Fig. VII is a side elevational view of a typical adjustable supporting clip.

Fig. VIII is a front elevational view of the clip shown in Fig. VII.

Fig. IX discloses self-supporting covering material attached to slideable adjustment clips.

Fig. X is. a side elevational view of the clip shown in Fig. IX.

Fig. XI is a front elevational view of the clip shown in Fig. X.

Fig. XII is a perspective view of a section of an awning, showing a modified form of covering material carried by the supporting and adjustment clip disclosed in Fig. VIII, and another form of covering material carried by the adjustment clip shown in Fig. In.

Fig; XIII shows the use of welding as a connector between adjustment clips and awning covering material. I

Fig. XIV is a perspective view of an expansible awning frame provided with a pair of slideably adjustable and telescopic horizontally transverse braces, typical strips of covering material and means for hanging the frame.

In the drawings the several members of my device are indicated by letters and numerals; and like structures have like indicia. The'letter A indicates an expansible awning frame having one vertically transverse brace, useful in supporting horizontal covering slats. A somewhat similar frame, having plural horizontal transverse braces is indicated as at B, such a frame being used with vertically placed strips.

When the term vertical is used herein to describe awning covering materials, or members of the awning frame or braces, it is only meant that they extend somewhat vertically,

as opposed to horizontally. They really extend from the wall in an angular relation.

The awning frame may be made to fall within a fiat plane, as indicated in Figs. II and XIV.

However, the awning may be curved to present a rounded contour on its upper surface. When this is desired, the telescopic members of the awning frame which extend between the right and left sides of the frame are simply made as complementary arcs. The curvature of the finished awning is controlled by the extent to which the awning frame is arched. The awning covering material is always so expansibly adjustable as to permit the even and uniform covering of an awning frame, whether the latter be flat or arched.

The structural members of an awning frame may be made box-like, or channel-like. They may be made of angle irons. They may be tubular. What is important in their design and construction is that they telescope or slide over or into one another, thus allowing them to be extended or contracted in their lengths.

It is of primary importance to understand that the awning frame is so designed, made and assembled that it may be increased or decreased in its width by the telescoping or the slideable adjustment of its top and bottom horizontally disposed members. Likewise, the awning may be lengthened or shortened by the slideable adjustment Of the vertical or side members of the frame. Where transverse braces are used they are made slideably adjustable in the same manner as are the outside members of the frame parallel thereto.

. placed, transversely of the awning frame, at any desired position by the use of. adjustable fastening devices, one type of which is shown in Figs. III and IV and further described hereinafter.

The location of transverse braces is frequently determined by the type and length of awning covering material used. Although a determination of the location Of the transverse braces may also arise out of considerations of the strength of the awning frame.

In a typical expansible awning frame of the fiat type, such as is indicated in Fig. II, I form the horizontal top side 2 of the frame by providing two slideably related members 2a. and 2?). These members may be made in any suitable shape, such as that shown in Figs. III and IV. In any event, these members making up part of the frame must be slideable or telescopic.

The horizontally disposed bottom 4 of the frame is composed of two slideably related members 4a and 4b. The vertically disposed left side 3 of the awning is formed by a pair of slideably related structural members 3a and 3b; and the right side I of the frame is similarly fashioned through the use of like members la and lb.

The frame is usually formed to have a normally square or rectangular shape. Peripheral structural members are connected at each corner of the frame, and made fast and rigid by the use of screws, bolts, rivets or welding. Each of the slideable members forming the top, bottom and'two sides of the frame, respectively, are removably connected together by pins or bolts, such being indicated as at 20.

With this structure it is quite easy and simple to increase or decrease the width of the frame by expanding or contracting it horizontally. The length of the frame may be altered, in the other direction, to suit all needs, conditioned only by the length of the slideable members. Each slideable member is made to carry a series of holes l9 through, which bolts or pins 20 may be passed to fix and limit the degree of extension and contraction of the frame.

The top of the frame 2 may be fastened to a wall, or other support; and it is well that such fastening be of a hinged type. A typical fastener is shown as at 2.

The distance of the bottom member of the frame from the face of the wall will then depend 1.-

upon the length of the legs l2 and 13. The former is composed of two slideably related members 12a and [2b, fixed in their final extension by the use of pins or bolts 2s. The latter is likewise formed of slideably related members I 3a and I32). One end of the leg i2 is attached to the wall and the other end is hingedly attached to member i, through the use of bolt 28, as is shown in Fig. V. A similar arrangement holds member 3 out from the wall. In this manner member 4 is held out from the wall the required distance.

Thus it will be seen that a typical awning frame employing my design and construction may be extended in three directions. The possibilities for adjustments in size and area covered, and for the determination of the angle of inclination of the awning from the building, are numerous indeed. The result is a very flexibly adaptable awning.

The transverse braces of the frame are attached at their ends to the peripheral members of the frame in a manner that Will permit of attachment at any place along the length or width of the frame. To effect such arrangement a short flat connector plate '22 is provided; and it carries two bolt holes, spaced as indicated in Figs. III and IV. Within the members joined by this plate there are provided washers 23, resting on returns of the structural members, of which the returns 20 are typical. Such a washer has a bolt hole through it, and is provided with shouders or deformities 23a which will prevent it from turning within the structural member carrying it.

With a washer resting on the top side of the returns of each of the two structural members to be united, and a connector plate therebelow, the

assemblage thus formed is held together by bolts ried thereabove.

Connectors between transverse braces and the main frame, such as disclosed in Figs. III and IV, may be used whether these braces are disposed vertically across the frame in the manner indicated in Fig. II, or horizontally in the manner indicated in Fig. XIV. Therefore, it will be seen that all transverse braces are themselves adjustable within an adjustable frame.

The covering material for the awning may be made in many shapes and designs. One such shape is the horizontal slat indicated by the numeral 30. It is made as an elongated fiat sheet with the front edge curved downwardly in a wide arc, and the back edge may be turned under for a little distance on a short radius. Such a return, however, is not necessary. Slat 30 is made to overlap like material at its ends; and an awning properly covered with this material will have the appearance of the upper part of the awning shown in Fig. I and Fig. XII.

It is obvious that the overlap of the ends of slat 30 can be varied to suit any given condition; and that such material laid as shown in Fig. I can be slideably adjusted to awnings of greater or less width. forward edges of slats 30 above theface of like material to insure complete ventilation of the awning, the supporting clips 21 may be used. These clips are slideable along the awning frame to adjust the covering material in keeping with the adjustments in the awning frame and to properly fix the vertical overlap of members 30.

Another type of covering material is shown as at 3! It is a slat made of flat sheets overlapping at their ends and provided with a downwardly curved front edge 3:0: carrying vents 32; and this front edge is further curved backwardly and upwardly to provide trough so that rain blowing through the vents will not fall through the awning, but will be conducted off" the sides of the awning. The back edge of slat 3| may be finished flat or slightly rolled to form a small rain shield.

When this type of covering is used it is held in place on the awning frame by the use of flat clips 28, which do not elevate the covering mate rial. This clip is also slideable along the awning frame, over which it is snapped and kept by spring action in the clip. Also it may be spread open with a tool and then clamped around the frame by the use of pliers, where Spring material is not used to make the clip. Material 3! is capable of all desirable adjustments in two directions.

If desired, awning covering material 34, having vents 35 on its front edge, may be supported by clip 21, giving double ventilation to the awning through the vents and by the fact that the front edge of the material is raised. (See Fig, VI.)

The covering material 3B, 3! and 3 and all other forms of covering material which lie and extend horizontally above the awning frame, including the non-ventilated form 36, are called slats and will use the A type frame shown in Fig. II, with one vertical transverse brace 5 to the frame where two rows of such horizontal material will reach entirely across the frame (as in Fig. I). For larger awnings an extra transverse brace is used for each additional row of such coverage.

One of the most popular forms of covering material is indicated as at 33. It is called strip material, and is laid on a type B frame, such as shown in Fig. XIV, provided with one or more horizontal transverse braces 38. Material 4.) can be made to extend from the top to the bottom of the awning in single strips ofsufficient length.

In order to slightly elevate the 7 Inithemaking up of large awnings that space can be. covered by two or more such strips overlapping at their ends.. When two strips are thus used their overlapped ends rest upon a horizontal transverse brace.

In the use of two'or more stri'ps,,overla-pping at their ends, the: extent of such overlap can be regu lated, with the result that there is a greater flexibility to the awning in that it may be extended or shortenedto-cover a greater or less space from the buildingwall.

Covering strip 4i] is provided with longitudinal gutter H,,and may. have another parallel gutter k2, both; on. one. side of the strip. The material is made to extend laterally from the inside of a gutter to form elevated surface 43, which is finishedon its free. edge with lip M, This lip overhangs. one or'the other of these gutters, depending on-the distance between centers at which this material is laid, and the extent of lateral overlap.

Itis obvious that strip 48 can be adjusted side- Wise so that lip M will overhang either of the gutters, and that the totalamount. of adjustable range is the width of both of the. gutters. The lowest. edge of. lip d4 hangs. slightly below the topmost edge Ma of. gutter cl, so that in expanding material. Ml. by sliding companion stripssidewise over. one. another, the lip will catch at the ex treme limit of. expansion, and prevent a. crack or opening in the awning through which rain and sunmay pass. In orderto insure full ventilation expansion should. not be carried to. the extreme limit- While I have indicated. several forms of expansible and collapsible awning covering material, it should be apparent that a great variety of other forms may be made which will full carry out the objectsand purposes of my invention.

It is to be borne in mind that such covering material is always to be. provided with an adjustable overlap, and at the same time allow for ventilation. For instance, the upper edge 41a of gutter 40 never does touch the under face of the flat surface it. It is purposely made short of such reach. Air will always freely flow between these overlapped members to provide adequate venti= lation.

Any design of. vertically placed and overlapping covering material which provides a gutter on one side and a surface covering extension therefrom on the other will serve the purpose required, provided that the surface covering extension is alwaysmade slightly higher than the topmost edge of the gutter, and further provided that a lip, or other stop means be provided to limit the lateral expansion of the material. Designs made in lreeping with these provisions are satisfactory.

When proper construction is employed it will be found that the bottom of one of the gutters will rest upon adjustable clip 28; and it ma be fastened thereto with rivets 31 or welding 39 or bolts or other means of attachment;

Clips 28 are preferably made of spring-like terial, somewhat in the manner indicated in Fig. XI, so that they will frictionally' engage the top member 2 and the bottom member i of a frame. such clips and attachment means may be used to slideably fasten material til on the transverse braces 38 of a type 3" frame.

With such construction in mind it will be seen that covering material 4 6 may be widely expanded, as shown in Fig. Vi, or substantially contracted, as shown in Fig. XII.

An awning may be covered with expansible materialhorizontally placed or vertically placed,

8 or both, as indicated in Fig. I and in- Fig. XII. Both types of covering material provide full ventilation for the awning, deflect and conduct away rain, and provide full protection from the sun; and they are both adjustably expansible.

Several different types of structural shapes may be used in fabricating the awning frame, its transverse braces and its legs. I- have shown a box-like design in several figures. See particularly Figs. VI and XII. The open groove 9 along the under face of this box-like beam; permits theuse of simple means for fastening the beams together, and in a manner which will permit of their disengagement and of their adjustment. For instance; in Figs. XII and XIII I have indicated the use of my special universal connector, shown in Figs. III and IV, to join together the ends of structural members I and 4.

The same type of connectors can be used if the structural members forming the frame are made of tubes, fitted to telescope into one another. To use such a connector with a tubular structure it is only necessary to providea longitudinal slot in the tube to afford the function of groove 9.

Structural members may have still further shapes; and they may be provided with longitudinal grooves; and the adjustable connectors disclosed in Figs. III and IV may still be used.

It is, therefore, optional in the manufacture of my awning frame to connect its corners together with my connecting device thus indicated, or to bolt these corners together, or to rivet them, or to weld them. When my special connector is used, however, it permits the frame to be shipped in straight pieces, and in a small package. Whereas, if welding of. the corners were done at the factory, the frame would be shipped out as L shaped members.

Having thus explained the construction-of my adjustable awning, and the objects thereof, it will be seen that my awning may be made inv a few stock sizes, each having a considerable range of expansion. Therefore, most all commercial and domestic awnings may be made and shipped from the factory to the place of their use,.and there quickly assembled, erected and attached; and this may be done without the need of any prior visit to the premises requiring awnings, and without any previous measurements. being necessary.

Ihus my awning frames may be factory-made in small, medium and large sizes; and, because of the adjustable nature of these frames, a residence may be quickly fitted with awnings by simply taking upon the premises a suitable assortmerit of materials to be there assembled. A few more stock sizes may be added for commercial buildings. Therefore, most all awning needs may be fully satisfied with a minimum of time, labor and cost.

In the manufacture of my awning, certain standard. slideable structural members ofa few predetermined lengths may be made up in great quantities at a factory, and then so stored. and packaged thataminimum amount of warehouse room is required, and a minimum shipping space will suflice for the transportationof a great number of awni-nigs.

On the other hand, if such awnings were fully andcompletely made up at the factory, the storage and shipping space would be relatively enormous, and costs would be correspondingly increased.-

The same is true of the awning covering materials. Any one of the several designs indicated, and of somewhat like designs, can be stacked, one above the other, in small compass. Factory room, storage facilities and trucking and shipping space are all thus drastically reduced, and at a great saving in money.

Because of technological advances made in the production of light weight metal alloys, which are non-corrosive and which require no painting or surface finishing, it is now possible, through the use of my invention, to standardize and cheaply produce awnings which are practically indestructible and which are very strong, notwithstanding their light Weight. The designs which I have worked out for my covering materials, and the adjustable and expansible nature thereof, permits every one of my awnings to be exactly fitted to space requirements, and erected and put in place in a manner showing perfect symmetry and balance; and they appear very artistic and attractive.

I claim:

1. In an awning, a frame having peripheral structural members which define the area to be protected, each such member being made of a plurality of slideably related parts whereby the said area may be varied; and covering material made of slidably overlapping non-expansive strips affixed to the frame.

2. In an awning, a frame having peripheral l structural members which define the area to be protected, each such member being made of a plurality of slideably related parts whereb the said area may be varied in two dimensions; and adjustably expansible covering material made of slidably overlapping non-expansive strips affixed to the frame.

3. In an awning, a frame having peripheral structural members which define the area to be protected, each such member being made of a plurality of slideably related parts whereby the said area may be varied in two dimensions; means for fixedly engaging the slideable parts at predetermined degrees of extension; and adjustably expansible covering material made of slidably overlapping non-expansive strips affixed to the frame.

4. In an awning, a frame having peripheral structural members which define the area to be protected, each such member being made of a plurality of slidably related parts whereby the said area may be varied; fastening means carried by the uppermost member of the frame, and adapted to attach the frame to a substantially vertical support; adjustable legs attached to the lower most member of the frame and extending between such members and the said support, each leg be ing made of a plurality of slideably related parts and being adjustable lengthwise to vary the angle of inclination of said. frame from said support; and adjustably expansible covering material made of slidably overlapping non-expansive strips carried by the frame.

5. In an awning, a frame having peripheral structural members which define the area to be protected, each such member bein made of a pluralit of slideably related parts whereby the said area may be varied; means for attaching the uppermost member of the frame to a substantially vertical support; adjustable legs attached to the lowermost member of theframe and extending between such members and said support, each leg being made of a plurality of slideably related parts and being adjustable lengthwise to vary the angle of inclination of said frame from said sup port; means for holding the slideably related parts of the legs at such adjusted positions of extension; and adjustably expansible covering material made of slidably overlappin non-expansive strips carried by the frame.

6. In an awning, a frame having peripheral structural members which define the area to be protected, each such member being made of a plurality of slideably related parts whereby the said area may be varied; and adjustably expansible awnin material carried by the frame, such material comprising a series of longitudinally inclined strips, and a series of inclined laterally extending strips, the two series covering the frame, said strips each being provided with an elevated lateral extension along the length of .one of its sides, and having an upturned gutter formed along the length of its opposite side, the extension of one strip overhanging the gutter ofthe adjoining strip without touching the same, said strips being adjustable laterally to varying degrees of overlap.

7. In an awning, a frame having peripheral structural members which define the area to be protected, each such member being made of a plurality of slideably related parts whereby the said area may be varied; and adjustably expansible awning material carried by the frame, such material comprising a series of strips, inclined from the topmost to the lowermost members of the frame, said strips each being provided with a lateral extension along the length of one of its sides, and having an upturned gutter formed along the length of its opposite side, the extension of one strip overhanging the gutter of the adjoining strip without touching the same, the said strips being adjustable laterally to varying degrees-of overlap, and the said extension being provided with a downwardly hanging lip engageable against the outermost edge of the associated gutter upon the lateral movement of the strips to the minimum extent of overlap.

8. In an awning, a frame having peripheral structural members which define the area to be protected, each such member being made of a plurality of slideably related parts whereby the said area may be varied; adjustably expansible awning material carried by the frame, such material comprising a series of strips, inclined from the topmost to the lowermost members of the frame, said strips each being provided with a substantial elevated extension along the length of one of its sides, and having an upturned gutter formed along the length of its opposite side, the extension of one strip overhanging the gutter of an adjacent strip without touching the same, the said strips being adjustable laterally to varying degrees of overlap; and clips slideablyattaching each strip to the awning frame.

9. In an awning, a frame having peripheral structural members which define the area to be protected, each such member being made of a plurality of slideably related parts whereby the said area may be varied; and expansible frame covering material comprising substantially horizontally disposed slats, each such slat adjustably overlapping an adjacent slat along one edge said material further comprising longitudinally inclined slats at substantially right angles to said horizontal slats and located at one side thereof, said inclined slats each successively adjustably overlapping an adjacent slat along one edge and one end of each inclined slat overlapping the adjacent horizontal slat; material-holdin means slideably engaging a member of the awning frame and fixedly engaging the adjacent slat, such means elevating the forward edge of each horizontal slat to a position spaced above the slat below it.

10. In an awning, a frame having peripheral structural members which define the area to be protected, each such member being made of a plurality of slideably related parts whereby the said area may be varied; andadiustably expansible awning covering material comprising aseries of substantially horizontally disposed slats, each successively adjustably overlapping another, each said slat presenting a substantially flat surface and having its forward edge curved downwardly, the curved edge being provided with ventilating openings; and connecting means between the slats and the awning frame, such means having slideable engagement with the frame and fixed engagement with the slat.

11. In an awning, a frame having peripheral structural members which define the area to be protected, each such member being made of a plurality of slideably related parts whereby the said area may be varied; adjustably expansible awning covering material comprising a series of substantially horizontally disposed slats successively overlapping one another, each said slat presenting a substantially fiat surface having its forward edge curved downwardly, the curved edge being provided with ventilating openings and being further curved upwardly under the flat surface to form a horizontally disposed trough; and connecting means between the slats and the wnin frame, such means having slideable engagement with the frame and fixed engagement with th s at- 12. In an awning, a frame having peripheral structural members which define the area to be protected, each such member being made of a plurality of slideably related parts whereby the said area may be varied; an extensible brace transversely mounted on and between two oppositely disposed peripheral members, each such member and the brace being provided with a longitudinal recess, said recesses falling in a common plane; means for adjustably fastening the brace to the members, said means comprising a plate lying beneath a limited extent of tWo adjacent recesses, a bolt passing through the plate and one recess, another bolt passing through the plate and the other recess, and bolt retaining means above both of said recesses; extensible legs hingedly attached to the awning frame and engageable With a substantially vertical support; and expansibly adjustable slats covering the frame.

SAMUEL P. CARD.

REFERENCES CITED h foll win e n e are f record the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 196,572 Everett Oct. 30, 1877 1,004,129 Winberg Sept. 26, 1911 1,022,312 Foster Apr. 2, 1912 1,220,163 Anderson Mar. 27, 1917 1,227,577 Brewer May 29, 1917 1,287,366 Lockhart Dec. 10, 1918 1,710,449 Cloud Apr. 23, 1929 1,735,501 Hammill Nov. 12, 1929 1,882,425 Kasan Oct. 11, 1932

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