US2561793A

US2561793A - Incandescent gas burner for furnace wall

Info

Publication number: US2561793A
Application number: US56616A
Authority: US
Inventors: Alfons A Furczyk
Original assignee: Selas Corp of America
Current assignee: Selas Corp of America
Priority date: 1948-10-26
Filing date: 1948-10-26
Publication date: 1951-07-24
Anticipated expiration: 1968-07-24

Description

July 24, 1951 A. A. FURCZYK INCANDESCENT GAS BURNER FOR FURNACE WALL 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Oct. 26, 1948 FIG. 2

INVENTOR. .ALFONS A. FURCZYK gwzmk ATTORNEY.

July 24, 1951 A. A. FURCZYK 2,561,793

INCANDESCENT GAS BURNER FOR FURNACE WALL 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Oct. 26, 1948 FIG.3

INVENTOR. ALFONS A. FURCZY'K ATTORNEY..

July 24, 1951 Filed 001:. 26, 1948 Ill/l A. A. F URCZYK INCANDESCENT GAS BURNER FOR FURNACE WALL 92 lOl 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 V EN TOR.

- IN ALFONS A. FURCZYK ATTORNEY.

Patented July 24, 1951 INCANDESCENT GAS BURNER FOR FURNACE WALL Alfons A. Furczylr, Philadelphia, Pa., assignmto Selas Corporation of America, Philadelphia, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Application October 26, 1948, Serial No. 56.616

13 Claims. (01. 158-419) The present invention relates to burners that are used in large industrial installations, and more particularly to high temperature radiant type burners that are formed of ceramic material and burn a mixture of a fluid fuel and air.

Burners of a type generally similar to those of the present invention using a mixture of fuel and air are well known. All of those burners, however, are supplied from mixing machines with a combustible fuel mixture. When a large number of high capacity burners is required the amount of mixing equipment necessary is almost prohibitive. Also, since a combustible mixture is being supplied from the machines to the burner, certain other equipment, such as firechecks, is also required to reduce the explosion hazard.

The burners of the present invention have all of the highly desirable characteristics of the previously known radiant burners, but do not require the mixing machines and other auxiliary equipment needed by them.

It is an object of the invention to provide a burner of high capacity which can be used in various types of furnaces that require high temperatures. It is a further object of the invention to provide a ceramic burner that burns predetermined proportions of fuel and air to produce high temperature radiant and convection heat without flame impingement upon the work being heated.

The burner includes a ceramic cup which is heated to incandescence by flames that sweep across its surface to supply radiant heat to the furnace. Combustion takes place completely within the cup so that only the high temperature products of combustion move into the furnace chamber pro A means is provided to supply measured proportions of fuel, which is usually gas and air, to the burner. The fuel and air are initially mixed in a distributing portion of the burner prior to the time they are forced under pressure to the cup in which combustion takes place.

The fuel is supplied directly to the burner, while the air needed for combustion is supplied first to a space formed in the furnace wall for preheating prior to the time it goes to the burner. It is, therefore, a further object of the invention to provide means for preheating the air prior to the time it is supplied to the burner.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a system of combustion in which predetermined proportions of fuel and air are supplied to a burner unit in which they are mixed and burned. The system is so designed that combus- 2 tion takes place at a speed that is higher than the theoretical speed of flame propagation. Therefore, the system has a tremendous heat producing capacity for the size of the burner units.

The various features of novelty which characterize my invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this specification. For a better understanding of the invention, however, its advantages and specific objects attained with its use, reference should be had to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which I have illustrated and described preferred embodiments of the invention.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a sectional view showing a furnace with the burners of the invention installed therein, and a. control system therefore;

Figure 2 is a view of a single burner from the right of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a section through a burner on line 3-3 of Figure 2;

Figure 4 is a section on line 4-4 of Figure 3;

Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 4 showing a modified port arrangement;

Figure 6 is a sectional view of a modified type of burner;

Figure 7 is a view from the right of Figure 6;

Figure 8 is a section on line 8-8 of Figure 6:

Figure 9 is a view of another type of burner according to the invention; and

Figure 10 is a section on line Ill-10 of Figure 9.

Referring first to Figure 1 there is shown a furnace I which can take any form that is necessary for the type of heating being performed. This furnace has a chamber 2 which is heated by any necessary number of burner units 3. The furnace is shown herein as being made in accordance with conventional furnace practice. The roof and floor of the furnace are formed of a refractory material'and similar refractory is placed between the various burner units, in order to space them properly for the heat pattern that is desired. The refractory material is backed up by sheet metal 5 which can be supported by structural steel members of any desired or necessary shape. Behind the wall in which the burners are located the refractory and the sheet metal are so spaced relative to each other that a duct or air chamber 6 is formed from which air is supplied for combustion purposes to each of the burner units. This air for all of the burners in a furnace, or for groups of burners, is supplied through a pipe I from a suitable blower.

Gas is supplied under pressure to all of the burners of the furnace, or to groups of burners, by a pipe 8.

In the operation of the furnace the gas and air supplies may be adjusted manually in order to provide the proper ratio of air to gas for combustion to take place. As shown herein, however,

there is provided a temperature responsive device 9, which may either be a radiation pyrometer or a. thermocouple, that is protected from 4 the proper portions of gas and air, the flow of the gas is measured by a conventional flow ratio controller l3 which serves to adjust the air pressure applied to the diaphragm of a valve 14 in the air line and therefore the flow through the valve. This type of control system is well known and the details form no part of the present invention. It is sufficient to say that the gas is supplied in accordance with the temperature of the furnace, and the air is automatically adjusted to maintain the proper proportions thereof with respect to the amount of gas that is supplied. This proportion can be predetermined, and will be set to a value depending upon the type of gas, whether it is natural or manufactured, and upon the type of atmosphere that is to be produced in the furnace. If an oxidizing atmosphere is to be maintained in the furnace chamber a larger percentage of air will be used whereas if a reducing atmosphere is to be maintained in the furnace chamber a smaller proportion of air will be used. In either case the air and gas are mixed in the burner units in a manner tobe described so that combustion takes place to heat the furnace chamber. The control system that is used may be electric. hydraulic or pneumatic. It is shown herein asbeing pneumatic for purposes of illustration only.

' The details 'of-fnrmof shown in-Figures '2, 3 and 4. The burner unlt'includes a burner block is that is embedded in the wall of the furnace and which is provided with a cavity or cup It in its surface facing the interior of the furnace. .The block has an,open in: II throughitatthe base of the cup which is coaxial with an opening 19 formed in a, wall bloekilthatliesbacitoftheburnerblockandex through the openings 11 and "of the 2i, :2 and n.

as purposes it oonvenimoein the manufactured: of a' mmitismorefeasibletomake them -.-in sections and join these sections-together. The

outer member 23 hasav house on its end that is attached to assisting, whichprojects beyond fthe wall of the furnace. This casting is fastened to the flange 25 'bymeans of-a retainingring Z'l and'bolts 28 which hold the retaining ring and the casting together. Suitable gaskets 29 are provided between the parts so that a pressure tight The casting forms an outer chamber 3! to which air is supplied, and an inner, annular chamber 32 to which gas is supplied. The right ends of the chambers are closed bya windowji which may be made of some temperature resisting glass or which may be made of metal. This window is provided so thatthe action of the burner during operation may be observed without disturbing the same. The" window is held in position by a retaining ring 34 which engages its outer edge and which ring is fastened to the casting by bolts 35. Suitable gaskets are provided on each side of the window so that a pressure tight connection is obtained. and so that the chambers 3i and 32 will be separated.

. The distributing members each have formed in them an inner row of axially aligned openings 36 that, as shown in Figure 3, extend in a circle around the member, and an outer row ofzaxially aligned openings 31 which are radially displaced with respect to the openings 36. Air is supplied through the openings 36 to the cup I from chamher 3 I. Gas is supplied through the outer row of openings 31 by means of tubes 38 which extend from the annular chamber 32 inwardly a short distance into the ends of openings 31. The end of the distributor member II which projects into the cup I6 is formed with a series of partitions 39 that extend as shown in Figure 4 between each of the radially aligned pairs of openings and 31. These partitions are so shaped that a series of channels or compartments is made in the end of the distributor, each channel at its inward. end being of a width equal to the diameter of open -j ings'ii, and flaring outwardly toward theQperiphery of the member as shown in the drawing. The upper end of each partition is closed off by a cap 40 also of ceramic material so that gas and air are directed in a jet that is substantially parallel to the surface of the cup IS. The cap 40 is held in place by a pin or rod ll. All of of the distributor assembly including the distributor members,- the cap and .the various are fastened together with high temperature cement 22 is slightly larger in diameter than distributor member'il so that a shoulder is formation its left end which engages tiuh b against a cooper.- sung shoulderformed onflie right'side of the burner block 1-. The entire assembly consisting of thedistrlbutor "members and the castingis heldinplaeelnthe furnace wall'bymeans of a connection formed between the castingandan elbow. l2 thatextends-to and is tothe metal backing of'the-furnaoe. Hilts are. provkledbel'ween'flaeeasting-fl undtheeibw member. ltto'lmidflaese together. The iower left am of the elbow is fielded to a plate or flanged toform a flat portion provided with openings through which bolts'll can extend into the the metal backing of'the furnace.

Suitable gaskets are provided between flange ll and the metal backing and between elbow l2 and the casting 28 if necessary, so that pressure tight connections are formed between these two parts. Just before the distributor member is moved into the openings of the burner block a body of cement 4' is placed in a cut-out portion provided therefore in the wall block. This cement is'foi" asemes the purpose of making an air tight joint between the distributor and the wall of the furnace. If the furnace was operated with its chamber at a sub-atmospheric pressure there would be no need to provide any means for holding th distributor member in the burner block. Since, however, most furnaces are operated with a pressure slightly higher than atmospheric some means is necessary to hold the distributing member in place and to prevent the leakage of gases from the furnace except in exhaust openings provided for this purpose. It is for this reason that it is necessary to have a rigid support to hold these parts in the burner block. It is noted that gas is supplied to chamber 32 from the gas main 6 by means of a pipe 41 extending from the chamber to the gas main.

In the embodiment just described, the

openings

36 and 31 were located radially so that the gas and air mixture which is discharged from the compartments formed by the partition 33 would be discharged radially into the cup IS. A slightly different manner of forming the partitions is shown in the drawing at Figure 5. In this drawing the

openings

36 and 31 instead of being radial with respect to each other are displaced circumferentiaily so that partitions 39a formed in the end of distributor member 2i extend at an angle to a radial direction. When the partitions are formed in this manner the gas and air mixture will be discharged into the cup IS in a spiral direction rather than radially. This is a matter of choice and will depend somewhat upon the type of gas that is being used as a fuel. The operation of the two types of distributing members will be described in detail below.

In operation, gas is supplied from main 8 to the individual pipes 41 leading to chamber 32 of the burner. Air is supplied from main I to the duct 6 formed between the refractory wall of the furnace andthe metal backing 5. Here the air is preheated by any heat which is lost through the refractory wall of the furnace, and the preheated air passes through elbow 42 to chamber 31. Gas passes from chamber 32 through tubes 36 to passages 31. Since the tubes are smaller than thepassages some air will be drawn into the passages with the gas, but not enough to form a combustible mixture. The remaining air needed for combustion will pass through the passages 36.

At the tip end of the distributor the individual streams of gas-air mixture in passages 31 will be mixed with the radially displaced streams of air in passages 36 to form a combustible mixture that may be burned in cup i 5. The flame formed by the mixture issuing from each pair of passages will sweep the surface of the cup, rather than impinge upon it. Inthis fashion the hottest portion of the flame will be used to heat the surface of the cup to a high degree of incandescence. This incandescence which is above the flash point of the mixture helps to accelerate the combustion process so that a larger amount of fuel may be burned within a given time than would otherwise be possible. The burning of the jets of the mixture in cup i6 is similar to the type of burning that is described in Hess Patent 2,215,079 issued September 17, 1940. Combustion is completed within the cup so that there is no flame impingement on the work. Heating of the furnace is accomplished by high temperature radiant heat directed from the cup into the furnace chamber, and the high temperature products of combustion that move through the furnace chamber to a point of exhaust.

As an example of one size of burner that has been built and its capacity for releasing heat, the following figures are given. Other burners of different sizes will be comparable in capacity. A burner having a cup diameter of twelve inches can burn enough manufactured gas of 530 B. t. u. per cubic foot to liberate 710,000 B. t. u. per hour. This is accomplished by supplying to the burner 6100 cubic feet of air per hour at 33 inches W. C. and 1340 cubic feet of gas per hour at 46 inches W. C. When the burner is being fired in the open the cup temperatures will be from 2200" F. to 2700 F., and this temperature will increase if the burner is fired in a closed chamber.

When operating the burner air is supplied through the holes or passages 36 and gas is supplied through tubes 36 to the holes or passages,

31. By dimensioning these tubes properly with respect to passages 31 a mixture of approximately two parts air and one part gas is supplied through them. The limitation imposed on this mixture is that it should be rich enough so that it will not burn. Danger of a backfire in the tubes is therefore avoided. It is noted that enough air should be mixed with the raw gas so that cracking of the gas in the high temperature zone at the tip of the distributor is avoided. In other words the gas should have as much air mixed with it as possible without running into the danger of backfiring.

By premixing the gas with air in passages 31 the time element for final mixing with air from passages 36 is reduced. This results in the creation of a flame near the distributor tip with better combustion and higher cup temperatures. The spaces between the partitions 39 and cap 40 are so constructed that each pair of

passages

36 and 31 exhaust into an individual compartment. Air is directed across the primary air-gas mixture at substantially 90. The flaring sides of the compartment also tend to slow down the velocity of the mixture so that combustion can be speecied up. It is noted that by the use of compartments the mixture is more complete than it would be possible to obtain if, for example, the inner row of passages was made an annular opening.

The velocity of the mixture and its volume are so great at the exit of the compartments that theoretically complete combustion cannot take place within the cup. Such combustion does; take place, however, and is probably due to the fact that the temperature of the cup is well above the flash point of the mixture. Instead of each flame burning only on its surface, there are an infinite number of points over the area of the cup where combustion is progressing.

Another form the invention may take is shown in Figures 6, 7 and 8. In this case a short distributor sleeve Si is inserted through an opening corresponding to the opening I! in Figure 3 provided in the burner block IS. The distributor sleeve ii is provided with an outer row of openings 52 and an inner row of openings 53 which extend axially thereof in a manner similar to the openings formed in the previously described embodiment. A cap 55 having radial partitions 56 formed on it is attached to the outer end of the sleeve as shown. The partitions separate pairs of openings 52 and 53 into individual compartments as is best shown in Figure 8 of the drawing. Therefore the air and gas which are supplied to the burner will be distributed from compartments in a manner similar to that degamma scribed in connection with the previous embodiment of the invention. a

The distributor sleeve is attached at its inner end to a pipe I1 extending through the furnace wall by means of a collar II that engages a flange-on the distributor sleeve. This collar is threaded into engagement with a suitable collar fastened to the end of the pipe. The rear end of the 'pipe or tube 51 is closed by a plate 59, that has a fixture 6i welded permanently in the center'thereof, thus forming a chamber similar to chamber 3|. Air is supplied to the distributor through tube 51, and gas is supplied through a tube or pipe 62 that is fastened to the fixture ii. The left end of pipe 62 has a cap 63 threaded to its end to form a chamber similar to chamber 31. The cap is provided with a plurality of short tubes 6] that extend into the inner row of openings I; of the distributor sleeve. Gas flows from pipe 62 through tubes 64, where it is mixed with air that is drawn from the tube 51 so that an air-gas mixture is passed through openings 63 to the compartments at the end of the distributor.

In this case air is supplied to the burner through an air duct ii that is formed of sheet metal work which is attached to the outside rather than the inside of the metal sheathing 6 01 the furnace. It is intended that the duct will extend either vertically or horizontally across the furnace so that a single duct will supply the air necessary for a group of burners. The distributor assembly passes through an opening 60 provided in the duct. The outer end of tubes 51 is attached to the air duct 65 so that air may flow from the duct through the tube to the burner tip. To this end an opening is formed in the lower portion of tube i1, and has aflange 6i suitably welded around its edges. There is also provided a casting 61 that is attached by bolts or otherwise to the air duct 65.

In this case the entire distribtuor unit may move with respect to the burner block and furnace wall. Accordingly, a flexible connection 8 is provided between flange 66 and casting I. In order to hold the air tube 51 concentric with the opening formed in the duct, and in order to hold the distributor member concentric to and tightly in the opening provided in burner block I! there is provided a pair of springs 68, the upper'ends of which are received in sockets provided;in the flange ii, and the lower ends of whichengage seats Ii that are mounted on the ends of adjusting screws 12 threaded in the upper portion of the casting 61. By adjusting the screws (2 the tube I'I may be raised or lowered until it is axially aligned with the opening in the {burner block. The tube and the distributor are biased normally toward the left in Figure 6 of the drawing so that the flange of collar 58 will be held tightly against a cooperating shoulder formed on the burner block. to maintain the distributor member in the burner block. This bias is obtained by means of a spring 13 that extends between a pair of hooks l4, one of which is fastened to the outside of the air duct and the other of which is adjustably held in plate By adjusting the hook in the flange the tension of spring 13 may be varied so that the burner may be held in position with the proper amount of force.

In, this case there is provided a valve in both the air line and the gas line to the burner so that the individual burners may be shut down if it is desired. To this end a valve II is used to cover the opening between the air duct and the casting 81. This valve is mounted upon a stem It that can be adjusted by a hand wheel TI. The gas line 41 extending to the burner is attached to fixture GI and has a valve II in it. Also an inspection window It may be provided in plate 59 if it is so desired.

- This embodiment of the burner operates in a manner similar to the burner first described, and the parts are proportioned in the same way. In this case, however, the rich air-gas mixture is formedin the inner row of passages II and is directed substantially at right angles to the flow of air through passages 52 to form the combustible mixture. In the first described form of the invention the ceramic distributor member extended all of the way through the furnace wall: But with this form of burner only a short distributor is used. The metal tube 51, while being subjected to the heat in the furnace wall. is, nevertheless, cooled by the air and gas flowing through it. Air in tube 51 is also given a greater amount of preheat than could be obtained from duct 65 alone.

In Figures 9 and 10 there is shown an embodiment in which the air and gas are not mixed until just prior to-the time that they are blown into the cup It to be burned. In this case the distributor takes the form of a pair of concentrically located cylinders 8| and 82 made ota high temperatureceramic material. The inner cylinder 82 is provided with flanges I: to form passages through which the air is supplied. Gas is supplied through the interior of cylinder 82 and is discharged through openings 84 provided in the outer end ofthat cylinder to mix with the air coming through the passages between cylinders 8i and 82. This mixture passes through openings 80 in cylinder 8| to the cup I. A cap 85 is placed over the end of cylinder ll so that individual compartments will be formed for each stream of the gas-air mixture as it moves to the cup. The three parts Ii, 82 and 85 are assembled into a single unit with suitably high temperature cement between them. The inner end of the ceramic cylinder II is provided with a flange It to which is attached one end of a sleeve 81 by collar 88 that is threaded thereto. This collar has a flange which bears against the outer surface of flange It to hold the parts together in a pressure tight relation. Suitable gaskets I! are placed between the flanges. Pipe 81 has a shoulder .9 on it that receives the end of cylindrical member I through which the gas is supplied; the left end of member ll tightly engaging gasket .1 and cylinder l2. Member ii has a series of openings 02 in it through which the air can pass.

In this case there is also shown an air duct 84 that is to supply a series of burners. The air is supplied directly from the duct through tube 01 to the burner. In this case the distributor member and the pipe 81 attached thereto are held in position in the burner cup by a spring ll, one end of which bears against a plate II that is fastened to tube 81 by spacer members I. The other end oi the spring is" held by a disc II that closes an opening formed in the air duct through which the entire burner assembly can be inserted or can be removed. The spring actually bears against a spring seat and packing holder it that is fastened to the plate It. Gas is supplied to the cylinder 02 by a pipe III which extends through and is concentric with pipe .1. The right end of pipe Ill passes through a central opening formed in plate It and is sealed with respect to this opening by a gasket I" held in position by member 90. There is also provided a seal .in the form of asbestos rope, or other heat resisting material, I that is forced between the outer surface of pipe 81 and a flange I04 fastened to the metal work 5 around the outside of the furnace.

In this form of burner the air is forced into the air duct 94, and gas is passed into pipe Ill from a suitable control means such as that described in connection with Figure I. As gas issues from openings 84 it is mixed with air in the passages between flanges 83. The complete airgas mixture passes through openings 80 into the cup I where it is burned. Combustion in the cup takes place in exactly the same fashion as in the previously described embodiments of the invention.

From the above it will be seen that I have devised a high capacity radiant type burner. Since the mixing of the gas and air takes place in a controlled manner just prior to the time combustion takes place there is no question of an explosive mixture being formed in the apparatus. By forming a plurality of compartments in which the mixing takes place it is insured that each unit of gas will be mixed with the proper amount of air to obtain complete combustion. No auxiliary equipment other than conventional blowers is required with the burners. For automatic operation a standard air-gas ratio control system may be used if desired.

While in accordance with the provisions of the statutes, I have illustrated and described the best form of embodiment of my invention now known to me it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the form of the apparatus described without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, as set forth in the appended claims, and that in some cases certain features of my invention may be used to advantage without a corresponding use of other features.

What is claimed is:

l. A gas burner including a burner block having a cup formed in one surface thereof and an opening extending from the base of the cup to an opposite surface of said block, a stationary distributor member extending through said opening and projecting into said cup, said member being formed with a plurality of substantially radially extending jet producing compartments in the projecting portion thereof substantially adjacent to the cup surface, said member having a plurality of axially extending passages termi-' nating at one end in said compartments, means to supply air through some of said passages, means to supply gas through other of said passages, the air and gas mixing in said compartments to issue in a plurality of substantially radially directed jets as a combustible mixture from said compartments into said cup, and means to control the ratio of air and gas supplied to said passages.

2. A gas burner having a burner block formed with a cup therein and a stationary distributor member projecting into said cup, said member being provided with a first ring of axially extending passages, and a second ring of axially extending passages, the passages of the first ring being spaced radially inward from the passages of the second ring, said member also being formed with a plurality of compartments into each of which a passage of each row terminates, each compartment opening from the side of said member substantially adjacent to the cup surface into said cup, means to supply air to each of said passages. and means to supply gas to the passages of the second ring to form an air-gas mixture therein, the mixture being diluted by air in said first row of passages as the air and mixture move into said compartments and cup.

3. In a gas burner. the combination of a bumer block adapted to be located in a furnace wall, said block being formed on one surface with a cup and an opening extending from the base of the cup to an opposite surface thereof, a stationary distributor member extending through the block and into said cup, means having a pair of chambers in it attached to said member, said member being formed with a plurality of passages terminating at one end in said cup and at the other end in one chamber, tubes extending from the other chamber into the ends of some of said passages, means to supply air to said one chamber, and means to supply gas to said other chamber, an air and gas mixture being formed in the passages into which said tubes extend.

4. In a gas burner, the combination of a burner block having a cup formed in one surface thereof and an opening extending from the base of the cup to an opposite surface of the block, a stationary distributor member extending through said opening and having its end projecting into said cup, said distributor member having formed near its end a plurality of compartments opening from the side thereof into said cup substantially adjacent to the cup surface, said distributor member also being formed with a plurality of rows of axially extending passages, one end of a passage in each row terminating in each compartment, means to supply air through each of said passages, means to supply gas through the passages in one row, the air and gas in said lastmentioned passages forming a mixture that is mixed in said compartments with the air from the remaining passages to form a combustible mixture that is burnt in said cup.

5. In a gas burner, the combination of a burner block having a cup formed in one surface thereof, and an opening extending from the base of thecup to an opposite surface of the block, a distributor member formed with air passages and gas passages and extending through said opening and projecting into the cup, a plurality of radially disposed compartments formed in the projecting end of said distributor and opening into said cup substantially adjacent to the cup surface, said compartments communicating with passages, means to supply air and gas through said passages to said compartments for mixing therein into a combustible mixture, the mixture issuing from said compartments to be burned in radially directed jets in said cup.

6. In a gas burner, the combination of a refractory block having a cup formed therein with an opening extending through the block from the base of the cup, a distributor extending through the opening with its end projecting into the cup, said distributor being formed with a plurality of enclosed axially extending passages and with a plurality of radially extending compartments open at the periphery of the distributor within said cup substantially adjacent to the cup surface, the passages terminating in said compartments, means to supply air through said passages, and means to supply fuel through said distributor to said compartments where it mixes with the air to form a combustible mixture, the mixture passing into the cup where it is burned.

7. In a burner, the combination of a distributor member formed with annular rows of radially displaced passages, means on said distributor communicating with each pair of radially displaced passages to form separate compartments opening outwardly at the periphery of said distributor member, means to supply air to each of said passages, means to supply gas to the passages in projecting into said cup, said member being formed with a central, axially disposed opening and a plurality of axially extending passages spaced around the periphery of said opening, said distributor member being formed with ports between said opening and each passage adjacent to the end projecting into said cup, said member being formed with radial holes extending to said passages substantially aligned with said ports and substantially adjacent to the cup surface,

' means to supply air to said passages, means to supply gas to said opening, the gas exhausting through said ports to mix with the air and the mixture exhausting through said holes into said cup where it is burned.

9. In a gas burner, a cylindrical distributor member having a plurality of axially extending passages so arranged that pairs of said passages are radially located with respect to each other, said member being formed near one end thereof with a plurality of compartments in each of which a pair of radially displaced passages terminates, one side of each compartment opening at the periphery of said member, the walls of each compartment flaring outwardly toward said periphery, means forming a chamber attached to the other end of said member with said chamber being in communication with each of said passages, means forming'a second chamber, tubular means connecting the interior of said second chamber with some of said passages, and means to supply air to said first chamber and gas to said second chamber.

10. The combination of claim 9 in which said tubes extend into the inner ones of said radially displaced pairs of passages so that a gas-air mixture is formed therein.

11. The combination of claim 9 in which said tubes extend into the outer ones of said radially displaced pairs of passages so that a gas-air mixture is formed therein.

block having a cup formed in the surface thereof extending toward the interior of the furnace and having an opening at the base of the cup extending through the block and furnace wall, and means to hold said member in place in the open-' ing in the furnace wall with the end of said member having the compartments projecting into said cup.

13. In a burner, the combination of a solid refractory block having a substantially conical depression formed in one surface thereof and an opening having a substantially cylindrical portion extending from the apex of said depression through said block to an opposite face thereof. a stationary distributing member extending through and snugly received in said cylindrical portion of said opening with the end thereof projecting into said depression, means in said member forming a passage therein extending into the portion of said member received in said opening, through which air may be supplied to said end, means in said member forming a separate passage therein extending into the portion of said member received in said opening through which a fluid fuel may be supplied to the end of said member, said member including means forming a space adjacent to said end communicating with said passages wherein the air and fuel flowing through said passages will mix to form a combustible mixture, and said member being provided with a radially extending port connecting said space with the periphery of said end in said depression substantiallyadjacent to the surface thereof whereby the combustible mixture will be discharged into said depression in a substantially radially directed jet to be burned therein.

ALFONS A. FURCZYK.

REFERENCES crrEn The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,561,848 Green Nov. 1'7, 1925 1,754,603 Brown Apr. 15, 1930 1,760,050 Eickworth May 27, 1930 1,851,745 Wetherbee Mar. 29, 1932 1,889,993 Leahy Dec. 6, 1932 1,995,122 Hess Mar. 19, 1935 2,011,283 Huff Aug. 13, 1935 2,102,152 Hays Dec. 14, 1937 2,114,738 Heller et al Apr. 19, 1938 2,145,074 Drefiein Jan. 24, 1939 2,215,079 Hess Sept. 17, 1940 2,215,080 Hess 1 Sept. 17, 1940 2,260,166 Cope Oct. 21, 1941 2,275,555 Power Mar. 10, 1942 2,361,097 Hess Oct. 24, 1944 2,375,119 Le Tourneau May 1, 1945 2,389,027 Corbin et al Nov. 13. 1945 2,474,313 Hess June 28, 1949