US2557180A - Apparatus for coupling ultra high frequency systems - Google Patents

Apparatus for coupling ultra high frequency systems Download PDF

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Publication number
US2557180A
US2557180A US484736A US48473643A US2557180A US 2557180 A US2557180 A US 2557180A US 484736 A US484736 A US 484736A US 48473643 A US48473643 A US 48473643A US 2557180 A US2557180 A US 2557180A
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United States
Prior art keywords
coupling
transmission line
electrodes
high frequency
ultra high
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US484736A
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English (en)
Inventor
Milan D Fiske
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE482708D priority Critical patent/BE482708A/xx
Priority to DEP53411D priority patent/DE482708C/de
Priority to FR962874D priority patent/FR962874A/fr
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to US484736A priority patent/US2557180A/en
Priority to US134789A priority patent/US2725531A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2557180A publication Critical patent/US2557180A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/04—Coupling devices of the waveguide type with variable factor of coupling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B11/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive
    • F26B11/02—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles
    • F26B11/04—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis
    • F26B11/0463—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis having internal elements, e.g. which are being moved or rotated by means other than the rotating drum wall
    • F26B11/0477—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis having internal elements, e.g. which are being moved or rotated by means other than the rotating drum wall for mixing, stirring or conveying the materials to be dried, e.g. mounted to the wall, rotating with the drum

Definitions

  • My invention relates to apparatus and methods for coupling ultra high frequency systems, and more particularly to apparatus and methods for coupling dielectric wave guides of the hollowpipe type, concentric or coaxial transmission lines, or interconnecting wave guides and coaxial transmission lines.
  • I provide new and improved apparatus and methods for coupling elements or parts of high frequency systems, such as systems designed for the utilization of ultra high frequency electromagnetic waves or microwaves.
  • a confined or localized region of charged electrical particles is employed as a coupling element or electrode, the density of which may be controlled to establish or control the coupling between elements or parts of the high frequency system.
  • the density of the particles comprising the discharge is controlled so that in eiiect the dis charge path acts as a conductor, serving as an element or electrode for the interconnection of related parts of the system.
  • this method may be employed to accomplish a variety of results.
  • the above described discharge path may be furnished by an electric discharge device, either of the high vacuum type or of the type employing an ionizable medium, and in which a dielec tric evacuated envelope encloses a plurality of electrodes between which the electric discharge is established or provided.
  • the discharge device may be of peculiar configuration to accomplish the above described coupling effect, while minimizing reflections of electromagnetic waves due to interconnection of the system parts.
  • the enclosing envelope is preferably of relatively small longitudinal cross sectional area relative to the transverse cross sectional area of the guide.
  • the enclosing envelope may be adapted to be inserted within an outer conductor of a concentric transmission line and provided with an electrode, or electrodes, at each end thereof to permit ready connection to an inner conductor of a coaxial transmission line.
  • This feature of construction may also be employed as a variable coupling device between two concentric or coaxial transmission line sections.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates an embodiment of my invention as applied to a system for coupling a dielectric wave guide of the hollowpipe type and a concentric transmission line
  • Fig. 2 is a transverse cross sectional view of the guide showing the position of the coupling de vice therein.
  • Fig. 3 is another modification ofv my invention showing an arrangement for coupling a pair of dielectric wave guides of the hollow-pipe type.
  • Fig. 4 shows the manner in which my invention may be applied to a system for controlling the coupling between two concentric transmission lines.
  • Fig. l I have there illustrated my invention as applied to an ultra high frequency system peculiarly adapted for transmitting microwaves and which may comprise a dielectric wave guide of the hollow-pipe type defined by a conductive or.
  • metallic member I defining therein a region through which the electromagnetic waves are propagated dielectrically. While it is to be appreciated that my invention is applicable to systems for controlling the propagation of electromagnetic waves of either the transverse electric or the transverse magnetic type, I have chosen to represent my invention as applied to a system where H01 type waves may be utilized.
  • a concentric or coaxial transmission line comprising an outer conductor 2, preferably metallic in nature, and an inner conductor 3 are connected to the dielectric wave guide through the coupling. device explained immediately hereinafter, andmay be connected to other elements of a high frequency system (not illustrated).
  • Conductors 2 and 3 are separated and maintained in spaced relation by means of a tubular insulator i, and the outer conductor 2 is preferably arranged to provide therein a recess to receive one end of a coupling device described immediately hereinafter.
  • the coupling device which I provide comprises means, such as an elect 'ic discharge device, for establishing within the region defined by meinber I a confined or localized region of charged electrical particles, such as electrons or ions, which controls the coupling effect or the coefficient of coupling between the wave guide and the coaxial transmission line.
  • This means may cornprise an electric discharge device 5 including a dielectric or vitreous envelope i1, preferably of elongated. tubular form and supporting a plurality of electrodes, such as a pair of electrodes l and 8, between which an electric discharge is established.
  • the longitudinal cross sectional area of the electric discharge device 5 with respect to the transverse cross sectional area of the dielectric wave guide is relatively small as illustrated in Fig. 2 which is a partial transverse cross sectional view of the guide and the transmission line.
  • Either, or both, or the electrodes l and 8 of the discharge device 5 may be adapted to facilitate connection to an external conductor, such as the inner conductor, of a coaxial transmission line, in which case the electrodes, such as electrode I, constitute a part of the end of the discharge device having an externally accessible area which is placed in juxtaposition to the conductor with which it is desired to make connection.
  • electrode '5 immediately engages inner conductor 3 of the transmission line and, as illustrated, may be provided with a contrally positioned cylindrical protuberance 9 which is inserted within a recess provided by inner conductor 3.
  • connection between the coupling device and a concentric transmission line may be continuous
  • the transverse dimensions or diameters of the electrode 7 and the envelope E may be made substantially equal to the diameters of inner conductor 3 and tubular insulator respectively, so that the interconnection of the coupling device to the line presents substantially no discontinuities, thereby minimizing reflection oi electromagnetic waves.
  • the discharge device 5, and particularly the enclosing envelope 6, may be of sufficient length to extend through the dielectric wave guide and having one extremity thereof supported by a cylindrical cup it comprising a part of member I.
  • the electrodes such as electrode 8, may be positioned so that the upper surface H is in the same plane with the bottom inner surface of the member i which defines the region through which the waves are propagated.
  • a coupling means such as a column or region or" charged electrical particles, either electrons or ions, the density of which may be suihcient so that the discharge path or the electric column serves as a conductor to eiiect coupling between the parts of the high frequency system.
  • a coupling means such as a column or region or" charged electrical particles, either electrons or ions, the density of which may be suihcient so that the discharge path or the electric column serves as a conductor to eiiect coupling between the parts of the high frequency system.
  • the discharge device 5 may include an ionizable medium and the electrodes '5 and 8 of discharge device 5 may be energized from a controllable source of voltage or current, such as a battery E2, the magnitude of the voltage impressed across the electrodes determining the density of the charged electrical particles within envelope 8.
  • a controllable source of voltage or current such as a battery E2
  • the magnitude of the voltage impressed across the electrodes determining the density of the charged electrical particles within envelope 8.
  • An arrangement such as that shown in Fig. 1 may be employed as a simple on-off coupling control, in which instance a suitable circuit controlling means, such as a switch i3, may be interposed between the battery i2 and the coupling device, the coupling being substantially zero in the absence of an electric discharge.
  • the electric component of the incident electromagnetic field will be substantially perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation as indicated by the arrow E.
  • the region of charged electrical particles serves as a wave coupling element between the wave guide and the inner conductor 3 and the outer tubular conductor 2 of the transmission line. I have found that the degree or coefficient of coupling increases as the density of the charged particles increases. Coupling arrangements such as that shown in Fig. 1 may be employed for tuning an element, or elements, of an ultra high frequency system.
  • the electric discharge device 5 comprises an electrically controlled, continuously variable tuning element.
  • the device may be employed as a continuously variable attenuator for a dielectric wave guide.
  • a still further application would be the utilization of such an arrangement for bleeding or deriving energy from a dielectric Wave guide,
  • the sink (not shown) being connected to the concentric transmission line.
  • Fig. 3 diagrammatically illustrates another arrangement to which my invention may be applied, that is, for coupling a pair 01' dielectric Wave guides It and it which may be overlapping having a common boundary iii.
  • the coupling de vice may be of a configuration and form generally shown in Fig. l and may include an electric discharge device ll comprising an elongated vitreous or dielectric envelope I8 having therein a pair of electrodes i9 and 20 between which an electric discharge is established.
  • the electrodes [9 and 2B may be positioned so that the surfaces thereof lie in substantially the same plane with the associated members defining the wave guide, thereby minimizing reflections of the electromagnetic waves which are to be controlled.
  • the system of Fig. 3 operates in substantially the same way as that explained above in connection with Fig. l, the degree of coupling or the coefficient of coupling between dielectric wave guides us and I5 being a function of the density of the electric discharge established between electrodes i9 and 28.
  • FIG. 4 A still further modification of my invention is illustrated in Fig. 4 wherein a pair of concentric or coaxial transmission line sections 2
  • and 22 may include a common outer tubular conductor 23 and may include inner conductors 24, 25 and tubular insulators 26 and 21, respectively.
  • the coupling device which I provide in this connection is also of the continuously variable type wherein the coupling eifect or coefficient of coupling between the concentric transmission line sections 2
  • the controllable discharge path may be provided by an electric discharge device including a tubular dielectric or vitreous member 28 supporting a pair of spaced electrodes 29 and 30 which may comprise part of the end sealing structures for the device as a whole, which is in end-to-end contact with the transmission line sections.
  • the electrodes 29 and 30 may be of cylindrical cross section being sealed to the vitreous member 28.
  • electrodes 29 and 30 may be provided with cylindrical extensions 3
  • and 22 is increased as the density of the charged electrical particles is increased. In this manner the energy flow between the two sections of the transmission line may be controlled completely throughout a predetermined range, or the coupling between the sections may be reduced to substantially zero by extinguishing the electric discharge between the electrodes 29 and 30 by decreasing the voltage applied to the electrodes, such as that effected by opening switch l3.
  • the electric discharge devices comprising elements of the coupling devices described above in connection with several embodiments of my invention may be either of the high vacuum type or of the type employing an ionizable medium, such as a gas or a vapor.
  • the electric discharge devices may employ a thermionic cathode which comprises one element or electrode of the devices.
  • the electric discharge devices may be of the type comprising a hot or thermionic cathode in conjunction with another electrode serving as an anode or in combination with an anode and a single or a plurality of control electrodes, such as electrostatic control grids.
  • a coupling system comprising two concentric transmission line sections each including an inner conductor and an outer tubular conductor separated by a tubular insulator, an evacuated tubular member connected between said sections and containing a pair of axially displaced electrodes for establishing an electrical discharge therebetween which serves as a coupling element, the dimensions of said electrodes being substantially equal to the dimensions of said inner conductors.
  • the combination comprising two concentric transmission line sections having a common outer tubular conductor and. separate inner conductors each separated from the outer conductor by a tubular insulator, an evacuated dielectric tubular member containing a pair of axially displaced electrodes for establishing an electric discharge therebetween which serves as a coupling element between the transmission line sections, said electrodes being electrically connected to and having transverse dimensions substantially equal to those of the connected inner conductors.
  • a pair of concentric transmission line sections having a common outer tubular conductor and each having an inner conductor separated from the outer conductor by a tubular insulator, an electric discharge device in end-to-end relationship with the inner conductors and said tubular insulators and comprising a tubular dielectric envelope and a pair of axially spaced electrodes sealed to ends of said dielectric envelope, the diameters of said electrodes being substantially equal to the diameters of the associated inner conductors and the outside diameter of said envelope being equal to the outside diameter of the tubular insulators, and means for controlling the density of the electrical discharge-- established between said electrodes for controlling the coupling between said pair of transmission line sections.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
US484736A 1943-04-27 1943-04-27 Apparatus for coupling ultra high frequency systems Expired - Lifetime US2557180A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE482708D BE482708A (it) 1943-04-27
DEP53411D DE482708C (de) 1943-04-27 Drehtrommel zum Trocknen schlammartiger Massen
FR962874D FR962874A (it) 1943-04-27
US484736A US2557180A (en) 1943-04-27 1943-04-27 Apparatus for coupling ultra high frequency systems
US134789A US2725531A (en) 1943-04-27 1949-12-23 Gas discharge coupling device for waveguides

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Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2706784A (en) * 1950-06-20 1955-04-19 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Noise source
US2745072A (en) * 1952-02-18 1956-05-08 Itt Wave guide gas switching device
US2749507A (en) * 1951-03-27 1956-06-05 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Measuring apparatus for wave guides
US2760163A (en) * 1954-10-11 1956-08-21 Itt Radio frequency propagating systems
US2775739A (en) * 1951-04-06 1956-12-25 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Device for amplitude modulation of ultra short waves
US2820127A (en) * 1953-03-30 1958-01-14 Raytheon Mfg Co Microwave cookers
US2866164A (en) * 1953-12-31 1958-12-23 Westinghouse Electric Corp Cyclic microwave switching tube
US2879487A (en) * 1956-05-18 1959-03-24 Stanley R Fitzmorris Tube mounting method and apparatus
US2892984A (en) * 1955-06-17 1959-06-30 Raytheon Mfg Co Microwave circuit controls
US2928056A (en) * 1954-05-25 1960-03-08 Rca Corp Means for utilizing solid-state materials and devices for the electronic control of guided electromagnetic wave energy
US3017585A (en) * 1959-04-24 1962-01-16 Research Corp Microwave switch
US3076917A (en) * 1959-05-05 1963-02-05 Thomson Houston Comp Francaise Electronic tuning devices for klystron valves
US3155924A (en) * 1961-04-20 1964-11-03 Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc Plasma guide microwave selective coupler
US3212034A (en) * 1962-03-22 1965-10-12 Trw Inc Electromagnetic wave energy filtering
US3238475A (en) * 1963-02-07 1966-03-01 Raytheon Co Transmission line arc detecting and eliminating system wherein the energy source is continually disabled and enabled

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US781002A (en) * 1902-05-16 1905-01-31 Cooper Hewitt Electric Co Method of amplifying electrical variations.
US1927755A (en) * 1930-03-08 1933-09-19 Rogowski Walter Method of transmitting electric potentials
US1950003A (en) * 1931-12-09 1934-03-06 Wired Radio Inc Electrical amplifier circuits
US1967008A (en) * 1931-11-05 1934-07-17 Wired Radio Inc Electrical amplifier
US1984499A (en) * 1932-09-14 1934-12-18 Radio Res Lab Inc Coupling system and apparatus
US2032620A (en) * 1930-09-02 1936-03-03 Gen Electric Electron discharge apparatus
US2034756A (en) * 1933-11-29 1936-03-24 Rca Corp Gas discharge tube and circuit therefor
US2106770A (en) * 1938-02-01 Apparatus and method fob receiving
US2153728A (en) * 1936-10-07 1939-04-11 American Telephone & Telegraph Ultra high frequency signaling
US2170050A (en) * 1936-03-09 1939-08-22 Siemens Ag Arrangement for shielding amplifiers
US2308523A (en) * 1940-02-17 1943-01-19 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device
US2368031A (en) * 1940-03-15 1945-01-23 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2106770A (en) * 1938-02-01 Apparatus and method fob receiving
US781002A (en) * 1902-05-16 1905-01-31 Cooper Hewitt Electric Co Method of amplifying electrical variations.
US1927755A (en) * 1930-03-08 1933-09-19 Rogowski Walter Method of transmitting electric potentials
US2032620A (en) * 1930-09-02 1936-03-03 Gen Electric Electron discharge apparatus
US1967008A (en) * 1931-11-05 1934-07-17 Wired Radio Inc Electrical amplifier
US1950003A (en) * 1931-12-09 1934-03-06 Wired Radio Inc Electrical amplifier circuits
US1984499A (en) * 1932-09-14 1934-12-18 Radio Res Lab Inc Coupling system and apparatus
US2034756A (en) * 1933-11-29 1936-03-24 Rca Corp Gas discharge tube and circuit therefor
US2170050A (en) * 1936-03-09 1939-08-22 Siemens Ag Arrangement for shielding amplifiers
US2153728A (en) * 1936-10-07 1939-04-11 American Telephone & Telegraph Ultra high frequency signaling
US2308523A (en) * 1940-02-17 1943-01-19 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device
US2368031A (en) * 1940-03-15 1945-01-23 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2706784A (en) * 1950-06-20 1955-04-19 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Noise source
US2749507A (en) * 1951-03-27 1956-06-05 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Measuring apparatus for wave guides
US2775739A (en) * 1951-04-06 1956-12-25 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Device for amplitude modulation of ultra short waves
US2745072A (en) * 1952-02-18 1956-05-08 Itt Wave guide gas switching device
US2820127A (en) * 1953-03-30 1958-01-14 Raytheon Mfg Co Microwave cookers
US2866164A (en) * 1953-12-31 1958-12-23 Westinghouse Electric Corp Cyclic microwave switching tube
US2928056A (en) * 1954-05-25 1960-03-08 Rca Corp Means for utilizing solid-state materials and devices for the electronic control of guided electromagnetic wave energy
US2760163A (en) * 1954-10-11 1956-08-21 Itt Radio frequency propagating systems
US2892984A (en) * 1955-06-17 1959-06-30 Raytheon Mfg Co Microwave circuit controls
US2879487A (en) * 1956-05-18 1959-03-24 Stanley R Fitzmorris Tube mounting method and apparatus
US3017585A (en) * 1959-04-24 1962-01-16 Research Corp Microwave switch
US3076917A (en) * 1959-05-05 1963-02-05 Thomson Houston Comp Francaise Electronic tuning devices for klystron valves
US3155924A (en) * 1961-04-20 1964-11-03 Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc Plasma guide microwave selective coupler
US3212034A (en) * 1962-03-22 1965-10-12 Trw Inc Electromagnetic wave energy filtering
US3238475A (en) * 1963-02-07 1966-03-01 Raytheon Co Transmission line arc detecting and eliminating system wherein the energy source is continually disabled and enabled

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Publication number Publication date
BE482708A (it)
FR962874A (it) 1950-06-22

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