US2554107A - Push-pull mixing circuit - Google Patents

Push-pull mixing circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
US2554107A
US2554107A US728134A US72813447A US2554107A US 2554107 A US2554107 A US 2554107A US 728134 A US728134 A US 728134A US 72813447 A US72813447 A US 72813447A US 2554107 A US2554107 A US 2554107A
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United States
Prior art keywords
mixing
circuit
wave
point
frequency
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Expired - Lifetime
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US728134A
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English (en)
Inventor
Kleis Derk
Adelbert Van Weel
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Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
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Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03D—DEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER
    • H03D7/00—Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing
    • H03D7/14—Balanced arrangements
    • H03D7/1416—Balanced arrangements with discharge tubes having more than two electrodes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a mixing circuit, more particularly for ultra-short waves, in which the incoming oscillations and the local oscillations are supplied respectively in push-pull and in phase coincidence to the input electrodes of two discharge systems.
  • the invention is directed to the attainment of the same object by simpler means and in a more eflicacious manner.
  • the invention provides a circuit-arrangement in which the aerial does not radiate the local oscillations, even if the frequency of these oscillations is varied over a broad range.
  • the local oscillations are supplied to the discharge systems in a particular manner and the impedances between the discharge systems and a point of constant potential (earth) are so chosen that substantially no voltage having the frequency of the local oscillations is produced between the input electrodes of the discharge systems and the point of constant potential.
  • the local oscillations are preferably supplied in such a manner and the said impedances are given such values that, with any adjustment over a broad frequency range, substantially no voltage having the frequency of the local oscillations is produced between the input electrodes and the point of constant potential.
  • the input electrodes of the discharge systems may, for example, be connected, via a path of comparatively low impedance for the local oscillations, to a point of constant potential (earth), and one or more other. pairs of electrodes of the discharge systems may be connected to the point of constant potential via a path of comparatively high impedance.
  • the local oscillations can eifectively be supplied to the discharge systems in such manner that the push-pull circuit through which the incoming oscillations are supplied to the discharge systems and the co-phase circuit or circuits through which the local oscillations are supplied to the discharge systems, have only the discharge systems in common.
  • each of the discharge systems the source of local oscillations can advantageously be coupled between a pair of electrodes. If each of the discharge systems is coupled separately with the source of local oscillations, for example by inductive means, each of the two circuits having the same phase, of which at each instance one of the discharge systems forms part, is preferably tuned to the frequency of the local oscillations. If the discharge systems are fed in parallel connection by the source of local oscillations, the circuit having the same phase as this source, the parallelconnected input impedances of the discharge systems and the parallel-connected coupling impedances, is tuned to the frequency of the local oscillations.
  • a material improvement of the circuit according to the invention may be obtained by connecting one or more points, which in the part of the co-phase circuit have the same potential as the input electrodes of the discharge systems, to a point of constant potential (earth) either directly or through a path of low impedance with respect to the local oscillations.
  • the latter step has the effect of reducing the radiation of local oscillations by the aerial almost to nothing.
  • the direct current supply of the discharge tubes may take place in a very simple manner.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a mixing circuit according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another mixing circuit according to the invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a third mixing circuit according to the invention.
  • Figure 4 shows one cavity resonator arrangement for use in the circuit of the invention
  • Figure 5 shows another cavity resonator arrangement for use in the circuit of the invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows a mixing circuit pertaining to a superheterodyne receiver for short waves, in which the invention is applied.
  • the oscillations as received bya dipole aerial l, l" are supplied in push-pull to the input electrodes of two mixing diodes 3, 3" by means of two conductors 2, 2".
  • the latter form part of a Lecher system which is tuned to the frequency-"f the incoming oscillations by means of an'earthe'd *short-circuiting bridge 4.
  • the aerial I, l is connected to a point of the Lecher system 2, 2", so as to obtain a correct adaptation of the aerial to themixing-tu-bes.
  • a local oscillator is coupled by inductive means with a coil 5, one end ofrwhi'ch isconnected-to the anodes of the discharge systems through condensers 6', 6", the other -end-being connected to the junction of the cathodes of the two mixing diodes.
  • the local oscillations1 arevconsequently supplied in phase coincidence to "stheztmixing diodes.
  • the intermediate-frequency output voltage is -.obtained in push pull-iromthe mixing diodes.
  • .In order-thata maximum voltage of -the-ire- ,guency .of the .localoscillations. may be r-sup- ,i-pliedetorthe inputelectrodes of- .the mixing. diodes, ..-.the coephase :circuit, formed .by the inductance coil '5, the; paralleleconnected; coupling capacities -.-6', ⁇ .6". a and the paralleltecon-nected input imped- .ancesof.the two mixing diodes 3';.-3",-is tuned: to the frequency of .the'local oscillations.
  • circuit-arrangement'ofiers the additional advantage that the'cathode direct current "and theheating currents can be supplied 'via;point Azsov that the choke'or the system of chokes :1 may .be dispensed with.
  • Fig. 2 shows a circuit-arrangement.in'which the push-pull circuit isiincluded between-:the
  • the co-phase circuit provide'd -between the anodes-and the control gridsof the I mixing'triodes is tuned to the"freq-uency of the local oscillations.
  • the figure furthermore shows'the anode-cathode capacities I 3', l3" and the control grid-cathode capacities-M3 14.
  • the intermediate-frequency output voltage is taken from the circuit through chokes I, 1".
  • the direct current supply of the anodes of-the mixing triodes. also takes placethrough this path.
  • the controlgrids may begiven-anappropriate -biassing potential via the resistance '8.
  • the co-phase impedance which occurs between "the anode and earth relativelytothe lo'cal'oscillations is determined substantially by the impedance of the chokes '1', 1", whereas ther'corre- :sponding. impedance between the :control :grids and earth is determined by the resistancesfl.
  • impedances are chosen so that their value, with respect to the local oscillations, is high as compared with the co-phase impedance which occurs between the cathodes of the triodes and earth, measured via the push-pull circuit. It is thus ensured in a manner similar to that in the circuit shown in Fig. 1 that substantially no voltage having the frequency of the local oscillations can occur between the input electrodes of the triodes 3', 3 and earth and, consequently, between the aerial I, I and earth. If, however, the co-phase impedance between the two cathodes and earth should accidentally assume a high value, one or more suitably chosen points of the co-phase circuit may be earthed in the same manner as used in the circuit shown in Fig. 1, so that under any conditions it is ensured that the aerial cannot radiate local oscillations.
  • the mixing systems may be coupled with the cavity resonator by means of a coup-ling loop completely insulated from the cavity resonator.
  • the two supply lines to the cavity resonator may be realised in the form of loops which are led-in so as to be insulated from the outside and which are secured to the inside of the cavity resonator at such a height that the input electrodes of the mixing systems are effectively at earth potential with respect to the frequency of the local oscillations.
  • Fig. 4 shows a cavity resonator IT, in which use is made of a coupling loop is which is completely insulated from the cavity resonator.
  • Fig. 5 shows a cavity resonator in which two coupling loops l9 and are led-in in an insulated manner and are secured to the inner wall of the cavity resonator at the desired points. The ratio between the surfaces of the loops determines the point of symmetry with respect to the input electrodes.
  • An electrical circuit arrangement for mixing a first wave and a second wave to produce an intermediate frequency wave comprising a pair of mixing elements each having a pair of cooperating electrodes, a Lecher-system tuned to the frequency of said first wave and having an open end thereof coupled to a corresponding electrode of each of said mixing elements in push-pull re-' lationship and having a closed end, means to couple said closed end to a point at constant potential of said circuit arrangement, impedance means intercoupling said corresponding electrodes and the other electrodes of said mixing elements, means to apply said second wave to said impedance means thereby to apply said second wave to said mixing elements in phase coincidence, an impedance element having a high impedance value at the frequency of said second wave intercoupling said other electrodes and said point at constant potential substantially to isolate said other electrodes from said point of constant potential at the frequency of said second wave, an output circuit coupled to said mixing elements, and means to apply said first wave to said Lecher-system thereby to develop said in-- termediate frequency wave in said output circuit
  • An electrical circuit arrangement for mixing a first wave and a second wave to produce an intermediate frequency wave comprising a pair of mixin elements each having a pair of cooperating electrodes, a Lecher-system tuned to the frequency of said first wave and having an open end thereof coupled to a corresponding electrode of each of said mixing elements in push-pull relationship and having a closed end, means to couple said closed end to a point at ground potential of said circuit arrangement, impedance means intercoupling said corresponding electrodes and the other electrodes of said mixing elements, means to apply said second wave to said impedance means thereby to apply said second wave to said mixing elements in phase coincidence, an inductance element having a high reactance value at the frequency of said second wave intercoupling said other electrodes and said point at ground potential substantially to isolate said other electrodes from said point at ground potential at the frequency of said second wave, an output circuit coupled to said mixing elements, and means to apply said first wave to said Lecher-system thereby to develop said intermediate frequency wave in said output circuit.
  • An electrical circuit arrangement for mixing a first wave and a second wave to produce an intermediate frequency Wave comprising a pair of mixing elements each having an anode and a cathode, a Lecher-system tuned to the frequency of said first wave and having an open end thereof coupled to the anodes of said mixing elements in push-pull relationship and having a closed end, means to couple said closed end to a point at ground potential of said circuit arrangement, a first inductive element intercoupling the anodes and cathodes of said mixing elements, means to apply said second wave to said first inductive element thereby to apply said second wave to said mixing elements in phase coincidence, a second inductive element having a high reactance value at the frequency of said second wave intercoupling said cathodes and said point at ground potential substantially to isolate said cathodes from said point at ground potential at the frequency of said second wave, an output circuit coupled to said mixing elements, and
  • iAneelectrical circuit arrangement for-mixing azfirst waveaand .a,-secondiwave tov produce an intermediate frequencywave,- comprising a pair-of mixing elementseach having an anode and alcathode electrode, a Lecher-system tuned to the :frequencyof saidfirst wave and having-an open; end thereof coupled to acorresponding electrode of eachof said mixingelementsin pushpull' relationship and having-a closed end, means to couple said closediend to a-point at ground potential of said circuit arrangement, a tapped inductive element intercou-pling saidlcorresponding electrodes and the other electrodes.
  • An electrical circuit arrangement for mixing .-a"first Wave and a second wave to produce an intermediate frequency wave comprising a pair of mixing elements eachhaving an' anode 1 and a-cathodeelectrode, a Lecher system tuned to the frequency of said first wave and having an open end thereof coupled to acorresponding electrodeof each of said mixing elements in pushpull relationship and having-a closed end, means to couple said closed end to a point at ground potential of said circuit arrangement, a first inductive elementhaving-one endthereof coupled to-the otherelectrodesv of said ,mixing, elemen s;
  • first and second capacitive elements coupled-inseries between. said corresponding electrodes Y and. having at junction, means. to couple the other. end of saidinductive-element to said junction,
  • said mixing elements, said first inductive element andvsaid capacitive elements constituting a pair ofseries circuits each tuned to the frequency .of said'second wave, means to apply said second wave to said first inductive element thereby to apply said second Wave to said mixing elements in phase coincidence, a second inductive element having a high'reactance value at the frequency ofsaid second wave intercoupling saidother e1ectrodes, and said point at ground potential sub stantially to isolate said other electrodes from said .point at ground potential at the frequency of said second Wave, an ouput circuit coupledtosaid mixing elements, andmeans to applysaid first wave to said Lecher-system thereby to develop said intermediate frequency wave in, said output circuit.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Superheterodyne Receivers (AREA)
US728134A 1944-07-26 1947-02-12 Push-pull mixing circuit Expired - Lifetime US2554107A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL622763X 1944-07-26

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US2554107A true US2554107A (en) 1951-05-22

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US728134A Expired - Lifetime US2554107A (en) 1944-07-26 1947-02-12 Push-pull mixing circuit

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US (1) US2554107A (enExample)
DE (1) DE829604C (enExample)
FR (1) FR937998A (enExample)
GB (1) GB622763A (enExample)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2753457A (en) * 1952-03-18 1956-07-03 Zenith Radio Corp Frequency-selective electrical network
WO1994026037A1 (en) * 1993-04-29 1994-11-10 Drexel University Self-oscillating mixer circuits and methods therefor

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1968610A (en) * 1931-03-23 1934-07-31 Rca Corp Thermionic amplifying system
US1978446A (en) * 1930-05-13 1934-10-30 Csf Heterodyne system
US2101438A (en) * 1935-02-27 1937-12-07 Rca Corp Neutralized coupling circuit
GB507495A (en) * 1936-12-21 1939-06-15 Loewe Opta Gmbh Improvements in oscillatory circuit arrangements for modulated ultra-short waves
US2211003A (en) * 1938-01-29 1940-08-13 Rca Corp Radio signaling system
GB544675A (en) * 1940-09-21 1942-04-23 Du Pont Improvements in or relating to the prevention of caking or setting of ammonium nitrate or ammonium nitrate compositions
US2434474A (en) * 1941-01-28 1948-01-13 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Circuit arrangement for ultra short waves
US2441452A (en) * 1941-01-31 1948-05-11 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Frequency changing circuits
US2453078A (en) * 1940-12-05 1948-11-02 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Device for wave length transformation of very short waves

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1978446A (en) * 1930-05-13 1934-10-30 Csf Heterodyne system
US1968610A (en) * 1931-03-23 1934-07-31 Rca Corp Thermionic amplifying system
US2101438A (en) * 1935-02-27 1937-12-07 Rca Corp Neutralized coupling circuit
GB507495A (en) * 1936-12-21 1939-06-15 Loewe Opta Gmbh Improvements in oscillatory circuit arrangements for modulated ultra-short waves
US2211003A (en) * 1938-01-29 1940-08-13 Rca Corp Radio signaling system
GB544675A (en) * 1940-09-21 1942-04-23 Du Pont Improvements in or relating to the prevention of caking or setting of ammonium nitrate or ammonium nitrate compositions
US2453078A (en) * 1940-12-05 1948-11-02 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Device for wave length transformation of very short waves
US2434474A (en) * 1941-01-28 1948-01-13 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Circuit arrangement for ultra short waves
US2441452A (en) * 1941-01-31 1948-05-11 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Frequency changing circuits

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2753457A (en) * 1952-03-18 1956-07-03 Zenith Radio Corp Frequency-selective electrical network
WO1994026037A1 (en) * 1993-04-29 1994-11-10 Drexel University Self-oscillating mixer circuits and methods therefor
US5465418A (en) * 1993-04-29 1995-11-07 Drexel University Self-oscillating mixer circuits and methods therefor

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Publication number Publication date
DE829604C (de) 1952-01-28
GB622763A (en) 1949-05-06
FR937998A (enExample) 1948-10-12

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