US2548552A - Acidifying compound for photographic baths - Google Patents
Acidifying compound for photographic baths Download PDFInfo
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- US2548552A US2548552A US778035A US77803547A US2548552A US 2548552 A US2548552 A US 2548552A US 778035 A US778035 A US 778035A US 77803547 A US77803547 A US 77803547A US 2548552 A US2548552 A US 2548552A
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- acid
- potassium
- photographic
- baths
- sodium
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- KAQHZJVQFBJKCK-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium pyrosulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OS([O-])(=O)=O KAQHZJVQFBJKCK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011126 aluminium potassium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940050271 potassium alum Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- GRLPQNLYRHEGIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J potassium aluminium sulfate Chemical compound [Al+3].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O GRLPQNLYRHEGIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims 1
- WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bisulfate Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])(=O)=O WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 13
- 229910000342 sodium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000343 potassium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000002535 acidifier Substances 0.000 description 5
- JTNCEQNHURODLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethanimidamide Chemical compound NC(=N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JTNCEQNHURODLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- FPFSGDXIBUDDKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-decyl-2-hydroxycyclopent-2-en-1-one Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC1=C(O)C(=O)CC1 FPFSGDXIBUDDKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229940040526 anhydrous sodium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000337 buffer salt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- CHKVPAROMQMJNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bisulfate Chemical compound [K+].OS([O-])(=O)=O CHKVPAROMQMJNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 2
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- HFVMEOPYDLEHBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-fluorophenyl)-phenylmethanol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(F)C=1C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HFVMEOPYDLEHBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXRKCOCTEMYUEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-aminoisoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound NC1=CC=C2C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1 PXRKCOCTEMYUEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric Acid Chemical compound [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XGGLLRJQCZROSE-UHFFFAOYSA-K ammonium iron(iii) sulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O XGGLLRJQCZROSE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- -1 anhydrous Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001649 bromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Substances OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011872 intimate mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012057 packaged powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GNHOJBNSNUXZQA-UHFFFAOYSA-J potassium aluminium sulfate dodecahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Al+3].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O GNHOJBNSNUXZQA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 150000003112 potassium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrogallol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1O WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L thiosulfate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]S([S-])(=O)=O DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
- G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
- G03C5/38—Fixing; Developing-fixing; Hardening-fixing
- G03C5/386—Hardening-fixing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
- G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
- G03C5/38—Fixing; Developing-fixing; Hardening-fixing
Definitions
- This invention relates to photographic compositions and particularly to an acidifying agent for photographic baths.
- Certain photographic baths such as fixing baths require an acid material and it is desirable for packaging and storage purposes that the source of acid be a dry powder.
- the use of sodium acid sulfate as the principal acidifying agent in acid fixing baths and stop baths has been described by Crabtree, Muehler and Russell, Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers, vol. 38, April 1942, page 353, and the use of alkali acid sulfates together with sodium acetate or similar salt for the preparation of photographic acid hardening fixing preparations in package form has been dicslosed by Russell and Muehler in U. S. Patent 2,378,248, granted June 12, 1945.
- an object of the present invention to provide a novel dry solid acidifying agent for photographic baths.
- a further object is to provide a dry solid acidifying agent for photographic baths which is not subject to objectionable moisture absorption and caking.
- a still further object is to provide a dry photographic fixing composition not subject to caking or deliquescence.
- potassium pyrosulf-ate is superior to the alkali acid sulfates and to fused sodium acid sulfate as a dry solid compound for use in prep ing photographic baths or packaged solid chemicals for the preparation of photographic baths.
- a satisfactory potassium pyrosulfate is represented by the product which has the formula K2S2O7 and has an acidity of 35% to 37% expressed as H2604.
- the potassium pyrosulfate of the present invention applies to a chemical comprising substantially potassium pyrosulfate (K2S2O7) which contains essentially no hydrogen and is differentiated from the previously disclosed alkali acid sulfates comprising sodium acid sulfate, also known as sodium hydrogen sulfate (WEI-I804) or sodium bisulfate (NaHSOi) sodium acid sulfate, anhydrous, or sodium bisulfate, fused; potassium acid sulfate (KHSOi) or potassium bisulfate (KI-ISO'4-I-I2O) which either contain hydrogen or readily form hydrates.
- K2S2O7 substantially potassium pyrosulfate
- K2S2O7 substantially potassium pyrosulfate
- K2S2O7 substantially no hydrogen and is differentiated from the previously disclosed alkali acid sulfates comprising sodium acid sulfate, also known as sodium hydrogen sulfate (WEI-I804)
- Potassium pyrosulfate is superior to the sodium acid sulfates for use alone or in addition to other substances for the preparation of photographic solutions or packaged powders for preparing photographic solutions such as acid fixing baths, acid hardening fixing baths, acid hardener solutions (for addition to thiosulfate solutions), acid stop baths, acid hardening stop baths, acid bleaching solutions for reversal processing or for halogenizing silver images and comprising oxidizing agents for silver such as potassium permanganate, alkali metal or ammonium bichromates, ferric, ceric or cupric sulfates or nitrates, or soluble chlorides or bromides, as well as for toning, intensifying and photographic image reducing solutions which contain acid ingredients.
- oxidizing agents for silver such as potassium permanganate, alkali metal or ammonium bichromates, ferric, ceric or cupric sulfates or nitrates, or soluble chlorides or bromides, as well as for to
- the potassium pyrosulfate may be used'with buffer salts or with acids such as acetic, propionic, butyric, succinic, tartaric, citric and boric acid or may be used without buffer salts in case a strong acid is desired.
- the potassium pyrosulfate may be used in any formula employing alkali acid sulfates and the equivalent weight required may be found by multiplying the weight of the alkali acid sulfate being replaced by the factor where n is the normality weight of the alkali acid sulfate.
- n is the normality weight of the alkali acid sulfate.
- NaHSOi sodium acid sulfate
- the factor is sufficiently near unity that for most practical purposes, an equal part of potassium pyrosulfate can be used.
- EXANLPLE 1 Chemicals for preparing acid. hardening firing bath Compartment A:
- Anhydrous sodium thiosulfate 150 grams may replace vthe crystalline hypo, if desired.
- Compartment A if de- Sll'e
- Compartment B To demonstrate the superiority of the potassium pyrosulfate, and intimate mixture of the chemicals as given in Example 1, Compartment B, was prepared. A similar sample was prepared but with substitution of an equal weight of fused powdered sodium acid sulfate for the pyrosulfate. When these samples were stored at elevated temperatures (for example, 110 F.) the sample containing potassium pyrosulfate remained dry indefinitely and could be poured or moved smoothly as a powder while that containing the sodium acid sulfate became moist within less than 3 days, tended to cake, and did not pour or move smoothly when stirred. The sodium acid sulfate-containing samples also rapidly and detrimentally attacked cardboard containers at elevated temperatures, e. g., 110 R, while the potassium pyrosulfate-containing mixtures did not appear to detrimentally attack such containers.
- elevated temperatures for example, 110 F.
- the solid chemicals for preparing this reducer may be packaged in one compartment containing both the potassium pyrosulfate and ferric ammonium sulfate.
- Acid stop bath Grams Sodium acetate, anhydrous 20 Potassium pyrosulfate, powder (K2S2Q'7) 40 This dry chemical mixture is suitable for dissolving in Water to make 1 liter of solution.
- potassium pyrosuljate Prepare a solution containing sodium acetate, anhydrous 20 grams in 1 liter of water. Add dry, packaged potassium bisulfate (pyro) fused, powder 40 grams to the sodium acetate solution; stir until dissolved and the solution is ready for use as a photographic acid short stop or stop bath.
- EXAMPLE 5 Silver image bleach or tray cleaner Grams Potassium permanganate 4 Potassium pyrosulfate, powder 15 Y The dry ingredients packaged together are suitable for dissolving in water for the preparation of 1 liter of silver image bleaching solution or as a tray cleaner.
- a dry, packaged photographic composition adapted to form an acid hardening fixing bath when mixed in aqueous solution with'a fixing agent, a soluble sulfite, and a salt of an aliphatic acid containing two to four carbon atoms, which composition comprises approximately one part of potassium alum and approximately two parts of potassium pyrosulfate as the generator of free aliphatic acid by reaction with the salt thereof.
- Photographic dry packaged compositions comprising approximately one part of; an alum and approximately two parts of potassium pyrosulfate for the preparation of photographicacid baths.
- Photographic dry packaged compositions comprising a mixture of approximately one part of a salt of a weak organic acid and approximately two parts of potassium pyrosulfate for the preparation of photographic acid baths.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
Description
Patented Apr. 10, 1951 ACIDIFYING COMPOUND FOR PHOTO- GRAPHIC BATHS No Drawing. Application October 4, 1947, Serial No. 778,035
3 Claims.
This invention relates to photographic compositions and particularly to an acidifying agent for photographic baths.
Certain photographic baths such as fixing baths require an acid material and it is desirable for packaging and storage purposes that the source of acid be a dry powder. The use of sodium acid sulfate as the principal acidifying agent in acid fixing baths and stop baths has been described by Crabtree, Muehler and Russell, Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers, vol. 38, April 1942, page 353, and the use of alkali acid sulfates together with sodium acetate or similar salt for the preparation of photographic acid hardening fixing preparations in package form has been dicslosed by Russell and Muehler in U. S. Patent 2,378,248, granted June 12, 1945.
In packaging such materials, the moisture absorbing and retaining properties of sodium acid sulfate have been found to be suificient to cause caking of the mixtures when this component is mixed with highly hydrated salts such as the ordinary alums and kept for some time. Cardand paperboard containers are also readily attacked when such mixtures containing sodium acid sulfate are in contact with the paper under conditions of high humidity or in the presence of moisture from the hydrated salts.
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a novel dry solid acidifying agent for photographic baths. A further object is to provide a dry solid acidifying agent for photographic baths which is not subject to objectionable moisture absorption and caking. A still further object is to provide a dry photographic fixing composition not subject to caking or deliquescence. Other objects will appear from the following description of my invention.
These objects are accomplished by the use of potassium pyrosulfate as the acidifying agent in photographic powders for the preparation of photographic baths such as fixing baths.
I have found that potassium pyrosulf-ate is superior to the alkali acid sulfates and to fused sodium acid sulfate as a dry solid compound for use in prep ing photographic baths or packaged solid chemicals for the preparation of photographic baths. A satisfactory potassium pyrosulfate is represented by the product which has the formula K2S2O7 and has an acidity of 35% to 37% expressed as H2604.
Other satisfactory chemicals for use as herein disclosed are, for example, chemicals marketed with the designation potassium bisulfate, fused, in'both lump and powder forms, with acidity be- 2 tween 35 and 37% expressed as H2804. These appear to contain substantial amounts of potassium pyrosulfate (KzSzOw) together with various minor amounts of potassium sulfate and potassium acid sulfate (KI-I804). Such materials prepared by fusion or equivalent methods of dehydrating are also satisfactory since they consist essentially of potassium pyrosulfate. I also do not exclude and may use potassium bisulfate, fused, having acidity even somewhat below 35% expressed as H2804 since this is an example of a material containing a substantial amount of potassium pyrosulfate. Excess sulfuric acid (or $03) as an impurity in excess of that called for by the formula K2520": is generally undesirable,
particularly with paper containers, but may be tolerated in small amounts when packaging is done in glass or other corrosion resistant containers.
The potassium pyrosulfate of the present invention applies to a chemical comprising substantially potassium pyrosulfate (K2S2O7) which contains essentially no hydrogen and is differentiated from the previously disclosed alkali acid sulfates comprising sodium acid sulfate, also known as sodium hydrogen sulfate (WEI-I804) or sodium bisulfate (NaHSOi) sodium acid sulfate, anhydrous, or sodium bisulfate, fused; potassium acid sulfate (KHSOi) or potassium bisulfate (KI-ISO'4-I-I2O) which either contain hydrogen or readily form hydrates.
Potassium pyrosulfate is superior to the sodium acid sulfates for use alone or in addition to other substances for the preparation of photographic solutions or packaged powders for preparing photographic solutions such as acid fixing baths, acid hardening fixing baths, acid hardener solutions (for addition to thiosulfate solutions), acid stop baths, acid hardening stop baths, acid bleaching solutions for reversal processing or for halogenizing silver images and comprising oxidizing agents for silver such as potassium permanganate, alkali metal or ammonium bichromates, ferric, ceric or cupric sulfates or nitrates, or soluble chlorides or bromides, as well as for toning, intensifying and photographic image reducing solutions which contain acid ingredients.
I do not restrict the use of potassium pyrosulfate to the powdered form although this is the most readily soluble form of the compound.
The potassium pyrosulfate may be used'with buffer salts or with acids such as acetic, propionic, butyric, succinic, tartaric, citric and boric acid or may be used without buffer salts in case a strong acid is desired.
The potassium pyrosulfate may be used in any formula employing alkali acid sulfates and the equivalent weight required may be found by multiplying the weight of the alkali acid sulfate being replaced by the factor where n is the normality weight of the alkali acid sulfate. For water-free sodium acid sulfate (NaHSOi) with a normality weight of approximately 120, the factor is sufficiently near unity that for most practical purposes, an equal part of potassium pyrosulfate can be used.
The following examples illustrate my invention.
EXANLPLE 1 Chemicals for preparing acid. hardening firing bath Compartment A:
Grams Sodium thiosulfate, cryst. (hypo) 1 240 Sodium sulfite (desiccated) Sodium acetate (desiccated) 2O Compartment B:
Grams Boric acid crystals 7.5
Potassium alumflm; 15.0 Potassium pyrosulfate, fused, owder 30.0
Anhydrous sodium thiosulfate 150 grams may replace vthe crystalline hypo, if desired.
2 '(l1he boric acid may be placed in Compartment A if de- Sll'e For use: Dissolve the contents of Compartment A in approximately 500 cc. of water; then slowly add and dissolve with stirring the contents of Compartment B. Add water to make 1 liter.
To demonstrate the superiority of the potassium pyrosulfate, and intimate mixture of the chemicals as given in Example 1, Compartment B, was prepared. A similar sample was prepared but with substitution of an equal weight of fused powdered sodium acid sulfate for the pyrosulfate. When these samples were stored at elevated temperatures (for example, 110 F.) the sample containing potassium pyrosulfate remained dry indefinitely and could be poured or moved smoothly as a powder while that containing the sodium acid sulfate became moist within less than 3 days, tended to cake, and did not pour or move smoothly when stirred. The sodium acid sulfate-containing samples also rapidly and detrimentally attacked cardboard containers at elevated temperatures, e. g., 110 R, while the potassium pyrosulfate-containing mixtures did not appear to detrimentally attack such containers.
EXAMPLE 2 Single solution reducer Water cc 500 Potassium pyrosulfate grams 45 Ferric ammonium sulfate (crystals) (Ferric ammonium alum).- do- Water to make 1 liter.
The solid chemicals for preparing this reducer may be packaged in one compartment containing both the potassium pyrosulfate and ferric ammonium sulfate.
EXAMPLE: 3
Acid stop bath Grams Sodium acetate, anhydrous 20 Potassium pyrosulfate, powder (K2S2Q'7) 40 This dry chemical mixture is suitable for dissolving in Water to make 1 liter of solution.
EXAMPLE 4.
Preparation of acid stop bath using addition of dry packaged. potassium pyrosuljate Prepare a solution containing sodium acetate, anhydrous 20 grams in 1 liter of water. Add dry, packaged potassium bisulfate (pyro) fused, powder 40 grams to the sodium acetate solution; stir until dissolved and the solution is ready for use as a photographic acid short stop or stop bath.
EXAMPLE 5 Silver image bleach or tray cleaner Grams Potassium permanganate 4 Potassium pyrosulfate, powder 15 Y The dry ingredients packaged together are suitable for dissolving in water for the preparation of 1 liter of silver image bleaching solution or as a tray cleaner.
In packing where the solid potassium pyrosulfate is to be mixed with one or more solid substances and particularly when using water permeable containers, it is essential to avoid deliquescent compounds or compounds which are capable of forming crystalline hydrates that would subsequently react with the potassium pyrosulfate by double decomposition to give moist mixtures. In the case of moisture impermeable containers, it is desirable to avoid deliquescent compounds if the package is to be intermittently opened for use and also to avoid the use of hydrated substances such as certain crystalline hydrated sodium and lithium compounds the corresponding potassium compounds of whichare either anhydrous or form hydrates containing significantly lower relative molecular amount of water than the sodium and lithium compounds.
It will be understood that the examples included herein are illustrative only and that. my invention is to be taken as limited only by the scope of the appended claims.
.I claim:
1. A dry, packaged photographic composition adapted to form an acid hardening fixing bath when mixed in aqueous solution with'a fixing agent, a soluble sulfite, and a salt of an aliphatic acid containing two to four carbon atoms, which composition comprises approximately one part of potassium alum and approximately two parts of potassium pyrosulfate as the generator of free aliphatic acid by reaction with the salt thereof.
2. Photographic dry packaged compositions comprising approximately one part of; an alum and approximately two parts of potassium pyrosulfate for the preparation of photographicacid baths.
3. Photographic dry packaged compositions comprising a mixture of approximately one part of a salt of a weak organic acid and approximately two parts of potassium pyrosulfate for the preparation of photographic acid baths.
LOWELL E. MUEI-ILER.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of'record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Name Date Russell et al June 12, 1945 Number
Claims (1)
1. A DRY, PACKAGED PHOTOGRAPHIC COMPOSITION ADAPTED TO FORM AN ACID HARDENING FIXING BATH WHEN MIXED IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION WITH A FIXING AGENT, A SOLUBLE SULFITE, AND A SALT OF AN ALIPHATIC ACID CONTAINING TWO TO FOUR CARBON ATOMS, WHICH COMPOSITION COMPRISES APPROXIMATELY ONE PART OF POTASSIUM ALUM AND APPROXIMATELY TWO PARTS OF POTASSIUM PYROSULFATE AS THE GENERATOR OF FREE ALIPHATIC ACID BY REACTION WITH THE SALT THEREOF.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US778035A US2548552A (en) | 1947-10-04 | 1947-10-04 | Acidifying compound for photographic baths |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US778035A US2548552A (en) | 1947-10-04 | 1947-10-04 | Acidifying compound for photographic baths |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2548552A true US2548552A (en) | 1951-04-10 |
Family
ID=25112102
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US778035A Expired - Lifetime US2548552A (en) | 1947-10-04 | 1947-10-04 | Acidifying compound for photographic baths |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2548552A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4575452A (en) * | 1984-09-21 | 1986-03-11 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Kit for silver staining proteins and nucleic acids |
| US5780211A (en) * | 1991-05-01 | 1998-07-14 | Konica Corporation | Processing composition in the tablet form for silver halide photographic light-sensitive material |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2378248A (en) * | 1942-09-26 | 1945-06-12 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic art |
-
1947
- 1947-10-04 US US778035A patent/US2548552A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2378248A (en) * | 1942-09-26 | 1945-06-12 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic art |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4575452A (en) * | 1984-09-21 | 1986-03-11 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Kit for silver staining proteins and nucleic acids |
| US5780211A (en) * | 1991-05-01 | 1998-07-14 | Konica Corporation | Processing composition in the tablet form for silver halide photographic light-sensitive material |
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