US2544138A - Electrolytic cell with mobile mercury cathode - Google Patents

Electrolytic cell with mobile mercury cathode Download PDF

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Publication number
US2544138A
US2544138A US741978A US74197847A US2544138A US 2544138 A US2544138 A US 2544138A US 741978 A US741978 A US 741978A US 74197847 A US74197847 A US 74197847A US 2544138 A US2544138 A US 2544138A
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mercury
electrolytic
cell
electrolytic cell
compartment
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US741978A
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Nora Oronzio De
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/34—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis
    • C25B1/36—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis in mercury cathode cells
    • C25B1/42—Decomposition of amalgams
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
    • C25B11/033—Liquid electrodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/005—Amalgam decomposition cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/30—Cells comprising movable electrodes, e.g. rotary electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
    • C25B9/303—Cells comprising movable electrodes, e.g. rotary electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof comprising horizontal-type liquid electrode
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells

Definitions

  • the present invention has as its object a particular disposition of the electrolytic cell and associated apparatus so as to considerably reduce the quantity of mercury employed, the copper necessary for the connection of the cells in circuit and the surface occupied by the cell and associated apparatus.
  • the plant comprises an elongated electrolytic cell having its bottom inclined so that the mobile cathode will flow longitudinally thereof from one end toward the other, and a disamalgamation apparatus connected with the cell for receiving the mobile cathode.
  • the disamalgamating apparatus is constructed in such a manner as to effect the subdivision of the amalgam flowing through the same and increase the duration of contact with the disamalgamating agent. Freed mercury is taken from the disamalgamating apparatus and returned to the upper end of the electrolytic cell through a tube lying parallel to the cell but oppositely inclined so that the mercury introduced into the tube will fiow to the upper inlet end of the cell.
  • Figure 1 is the schematic longitudinal sectional view of the plant according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a similar view of a slightly modified form of the plant.
  • Figure 3 is a plan View of the plant of Fig. 1.
  • Figure 1 shows the electrolytic compartment A connected with the disamalgam'ation apparatus B, from which the mercury, by means of a pump C, is raised in the tube D, which feeds the electrolytic compartment A.
  • the cycle is closed and continuous.
  • FIG. 2 shows a modified form of the plant in which the electrolytic compartment A is con,-
  • FIG. 1 represents the coupling of two electrolytic compartments as those described in Figure 1 and connected electrically in series.
  • an electrolytic compartment A having a length equal to at least ten times its width, is fed with an almost saturated solution of an alkali metal chloride, and there is obtained an amalgam of sodium or potassium together with the formation of chlorine.
  • the produced alkali metal amalgam runs due to gravity down along the inclined bottom of the electrolytic compartment and is fed by means of a short conduit to the disamalgamation compartment B, through which the amalgam passes in a downward vertical direction.
  • the apparatus B comprises a tank with adequate section and height with reference to the capacity of the electrolytic apparatus, containing water or a solution of alkali metal hydrate, in which regular or irregular shaped pieces of graphite or similar material are immersed and placed as filling. These pieces of graphite can be substituted by pieces of other conducting material.
  • the apparatus B should be suitably built or covered with non-conducting material, and will contain a solution of alkali metal polysulphide and instead of the metallic filling, a non-conducting filling such as stone, glass or similar materials.
  • the regenerated mercury flows, due to gravity, into the pump C from the reaction apparatus and. is raised by the pump through the vertical portion of the return pipe D to a height equal to the height of the disamalgamator plus twice the difference in level between the two ends of the electrolytic compartment where then it flows by gravity down the other portion of the pipe D which has a slope equal and opposite to that of the electrolytic compartment.
  • the said other portion of pipe returns the regenerated mercury at E above an inlet mercury seal F to feed the electrolytic compartment A and to gen- :erate fresh amalgam.
  • the cycle is continuous.
  • a continuous cycle electrolytic cell with mobile mercury cathode comprising in combination an electrolytic compartment having an elongated" and narrow form, the length being at least ten times the Width, with a slightly inclined bottom, the slope being only that necessary for assuring the flow of the mercury and a vertical disamalgamation device positioned for vertical gravity flow of the amalgam from the electrolytic compartment therethrough, the disamalgamation device being disposed near the outlet end of the electrolytic cell, two portions of pipes providing connections for the return of -mercury to the cell from the disamalgamator, one of said, pipe portions being vertical and'of a length equal to the height of the disamalgamator plus twice the difierence in level between the two ends of the cell for conveying mercury from the bottom of the disamalgamator to a point as high above the lower end of the cell as twice the 25 difference in level of the two ends of the electrolytic cell, the other portion of pipe having a slope equal and opposite to that of the electrolytic cell, and being a continuation of the first

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)

Description

March 6, 1951 0. DE NORA 2,544,133
ELECTROLYTIC CELL WITH MOBILE MERCURY CATHODE Filed April 17, 1947 B Fi.5
INVENTOR. -0e'o/vz/a Ja /Var) Patented Mar. 6, 1951 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ELECTROLYTIC CELL WITH MOBILE MERCURY CATHODE Oronzio dc Nora, Milano, Italy Application April 17, 1947, Serial No. 741,978 In Italy June 16, 1941 Section 1, Public Law 690, August 8, 1946 Patent expires June 16, 1961 1 Claim.
' new amalgam.
The present invention has as its object a particular disposition of the electrolytic cell and associated apparatus so as to considerably reduce the quantity of mercury employed, the copper necessary for the connection of the cells in circuit and the surface occupied by the cell and associated apparatus.
According to the present invention, the plant comprises an elongated electrolytic cell having its bottom inclined so that the mobile cathode will flow longitudinally thereof from one end toward the other, and a disamalgamation apparatus connected with the cell for receiving the mobile cathode. The disamalgamating apparatus is constructed in such a manner as to effect the subdivision of the amalgam flowing through the same and increase the duration of contact with the disamalgamating agent. Freed mercury is taken from the disamalgamating apparatus and returned to the upper end of the electrolytic cell through a tube lying parallel to the cell but oppositely inclined so that the mercury introduced into the tube will fiow to the upper inlet end of the cell.
In order to facilitate an understanding of the present invention, reference is made to the annexed drawings in which: 7
Figure 1 is the schematic longitudinal sectional view of the plant according to the invention;
Fig. 2 is a similar view of a slightly modified form of the plant; and
Figure 3 is a plan View of the plant of Fig. 1.
Figure 1 shows the electrolytic compartment A connected with the disamalgam'ation apparatus B, from which the mercury, by means of a pump C, is raised in the tube D, which feeds the electrolytic compartment A. The cycle is closed and continuous.
Figure 2 shows a modified form of the plant in which the electrolytic compartment A is con,-
2 nected to the pump 0, which feeds the disamalgamation apparatus B, from which the mercury, by
means of the tube D returns to the electrolytic compartment A. 1 Figure 3 represents the coupling of two electrolytic compartments as those described in Figure 1 and connected electrically in series.
According to Fig. 1 an electrolytic compartment A having a length equal to at least ten times its width, is fed with an almost saturated solution of an alkali metal chloride, and there is obtained an amalgam of sodium or potassium together with the formation of chlorine. The produced alkali metal amalgam runs due to gravity down along the inclined bottom of the electrolytic compartment and is fed by means of a short conduit to the disamalgamation compartment B, through which the amalgam passes in a downward vertical direction.
The apparatus B comprises a tank with adequate section and height with reference to the capacity of the electrolytic apparatus, containing water or a solution of alkali metal hydrate, in which regular or irregular shaped pieces of graphite or similar material are immersed and placed as filling. These pieces of graphite can be substituted by pieces of other conducting material.
The amalgam coming from the compartment A, falling vertically on the pieces of graphite or similar material, divides into drops, effecting an intimate contact between the amalgam, graphite and water with the formation of alkali metal hydrate and hydrogen.
With the object of producing solutions of sulphides of alkali metals with the amalgam, the apparatus B should be suitably built or covered with non-conducting material, and will contain a solution of alkali metal polysulphide and instead of the metallic filling, a non-conducting filling such as stone, glass or similar materials.
The regenerated mercury flows, due to gravity, into the pump C from the reaction apparatus and. is raised by the pump through the vertical portion of the return pipe D to a height equal to the height of the disamalgamator plus twice the difference in level between the two ends of the electrolytic compartment where then it flows by gravity down the other portion of the pipe D which has a slope equal and opposite to that of the electrolytic compartment. The said other portion of pipe returns the regenerated mercury at E above an inlet mercury seal F to feed the electrolytic compartment A and to gen- :erate fresh amalgam. The cycle is continuous.
The working of the apparatus illustrated in Figure 2 is perfectly analogous to that of Fig. 1, the variations deriving only from the relative positions of the various parts.
What I claim is:
A continuous cycle electrolytic cell with mobile mercury cathode, comprising in combination an electrolytic compartment having an elongated" and narrow form, the length being at least ten times the Width, with a slightly inclined bottom, the slope being only that necessary for assuring the flow of the mercury and a vertical disamalgamation device positioned for vertical gravity flow of the amalgam from the electrolytic compartment therethrough, the disamalgamation device being disposed near the outlet end of the electrolytic cell, two portions of pipes providing connections for the return of -mercury to the cell from the disamalgamator, one of said, pipe portions being vertical and'of a length equal to the height of the disamalgamator plus twice the difierence in level between the two ends of the cell for conveying mercury from the bottom of the disamalgamator to a point as high above the lower end of the cell as twice the 25 difference in level of the two ends of the electrolytic cell, the other portion of pipe having a slope equal and opposite to that of the electrolytic cell, and being a continuation of the first recited pipe portion for conveying mercury to the inlet end of the cell, a mercury seal at the inlet end of the cell, said other portion of pipe having its delivery end above the mercury in said seal, a short conduit connecting the outlet of the cell to the inlet of the disamalgamator,
and pump means at the lowest end of the vertical portion of pipe.
ORONZIO DE NORA.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 501,783 Hermite July 18, 1893 951,229 Whiting Mar. 8, 1910 2,083,648 Gorke June 15, 1937 2,316,685 Gardiner Apr. 13, 1943 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 310,872 Italy Sept. 11, 1933
US741978A 1941-06-16 1947-04-17 Electrolytic cell with mobile mercury cathode Expired - Lifetime US2544138A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT624129X 1941-06-16

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US (1) US2544138A (en)
BE (1) BE470981A (en)
CH (1) CH233392A (en)
DE (1) DE940352C (en)
ES (1) ES176696A1 (en)
FR (1) FR890000A (en)
GB (1) GB624129A (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2872403A (en) * 1955-02-03 1959-02-03 Basf Ag Electrolytic cell
US2944949A (en) * 1958-05-09 1960-07-12 Ici Ltd Process for the electrolytic separation of titanium from titanium scrap
US2952604A (en) * 1955-05-23 1960-09-13 Oronzio De Nora Impianti Electrolysis apparatus
US3398070A (en) * 1965-03-29 1968-08-20 Kureha Chemical Ind Co Ltd Mercury-cathode chlorine cells
US3878029A (en) * 1973-11-26 1975-04-15 Artisan Ind Compact multistage wiped-film evaporator apparatus

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US501783A (en) * 1893-07-18 eermite
US951229A (en) * 1908-12-16 1910-03-08 Whiting Company Electrolytic cell.
US2083648A (en) * 1932-02-25 1937-06-15 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Preparation of alkali metal hydroxide solutions
US2316685A (en) * 1939-10-09 1943-04-13 Mathieson Alkali Works Inc Operation of mercury cells

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE643157C (en) * 1937-03-30 I G Farbenindustrie Akt Ges Device for the electrolytic production of caustic alkaline solutions

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US501783A (en) * 1893-07-18 eermite
US951229A (en) * 1908-12-16 1910-03-08 Whiting Company Electrolytic cell.
US2083648A (en) * 1932-02-25 1937-06-15 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Preparation of alkali metal hydroxide solutions
US2316685A (en) * 1939-10-09 1943-04-13 Mathieson Alkali Works Inc Operation of mercury cells

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2872403A (en) * 1955-02-03 1959-02-03 Basf Ag Electrolytic cell
US2952604A (en) * 1955-05-23 1960-09-13 Oronzio De Nora Impianti Electrolysis apparatus
US2944949A (en) * 1958-05-09 1960-07-12 Ici Ltd Process for the electrolytic separation of titanium from titanium scrap
US3398070A (en) * 1965-03-29 1968-08-20 Kureha Chemical Ind Co Ltd Mercury-cathode chlorine cells
US3878029A (en) * 1973-11-26 1975-04-15 Artisan Ind Compact multistage wiped-film evaporator apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE470981A (en)
GB624129A (en) 1949-05-27
FR890000A (en) 1944-01-25
ES176696A1 (en) 1947-03-01
DE940352C (en) 1956-03-15
CH233392A (en) 1944-07-31

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