US2543617A - Liquid and gaseous fuel burner - Google Patents

Description

H. WlANT LIQUID AND GASEOUS FUEL BURNER Feb. 27, 1951 v Filed July 10, 194

INVENTOR HUGH W/ANT ATTORNEY 2 1 6 M M l: a a a 2L Patented Feb. 27, 1951 LIQUID AND GASEOUS FUEL BURNER Hugh Wiant; Westfield, N. J assignor to mbustion Research and Development, Inc., Jersey City, N. J a corporation of New Jersey Application July 10, 1946, Serial No. 682,576

This invention relates to fuel burners for furnaces and, more particularly, to such burners adapted to burn either a liquid or a gaseous fuel or a combination of both such fuels.

In order to obtain efiicient combustion in a furnace using oil as fuel, it is essential that the oil be broken up into the smallest particles possible or as nearly as possible atomized. Normally, this breakin up or attempted atomization of the fuel oil in the above type of burners is accomplished by forcing the fuel oil through relatively small ducts into streams or jets of air, gas or steam to form a primary mixture, and this mixture is then directed or projected into the fur-- nace where is it further mixed with the proper amount of air to provide the necessary oxygen for combustion.

The Patent 2,276,131 to N. E. Wiant, issued March 10, 1942, discloses a burner of the above type, and the present invention in general constitutes an improvement in the said burner.

Accordingly, it is one of the primary objects of the present invention to provide a burner of the type disclosed in the said Wiant patent of increased efficiency, of improved construction, and which is more conveniently serviced and manufactured. The increased efficiency of the burner of the present invention is accomplished in part by the provision of means and arrangements of parts whereby the oil used is more finely or comend of a hollow sleeve or tube with the stem of a bevel headed valve extending through both the tip and barrel. Oil admitted to the forward end of the burner through the valve stem is mixed with steam or gas in the burner tip and the mixture projected from under the valve head into the furnace. In connection with the above, another object of the invention is to provide a burner of the above general type, wherein the fuel oil is projected into the atomizing stream of gas or steam through nozzles or jets completely surrounded by the atomizing stream at the discharge points of the jets rather than through openings into the atomizing stream ports as is the case in the above-mentioned patent.

Another object of the invention resides in the provision of means whereby the oil is admitted to the valve stem at a point remote from the end and in such a manner that no exterior oil supply connection thereto is required and which permits complete rotation of the valve stem relative 1 Claim. (01.299-141) to the burner and longitudinal movement thereof for cleaning purposes. In connection with the above, a more specific object of the invention resides in an arrangement for admitting oil to the valve stem through a lantern ring whereby the said ring serves as a strainer to strain foreign particles from the oil and prevent the same from reaching the burner tip.

A further object of the invention is to provide a burner of the type described wherein the head of the valve is yieldably held in contact with the forward end of the burner tip whereby the valve may be readily moved longitudinally. In this connection the same yieldable means serve to compress a packing ring providing the oil-tight seal at the oil entrance to the valve stem and wherein the packing is self-tightening under influence of the yieldable means.

A still further object of the invention resides in the provision 01' a burner tip constructed of two pieces and arranged in such a manner that there is no necessity of plugging up of certain holes in the outer shell thereof formed. incident with the forming of holes for permitting the flow of oil into the atomizing steam.

.In accordance with the modification of the invention, another object is to provide a tip for use in a burner of the above type wherein two of the atomizing streams are connected with an oil discharge outlet by the forming of a single hole in the burner tip.

The above and further objects and features of the invention will be more apparent in the following description thereof wherein reference is made to the accompanying drawings, showing a preferred form of the invention and one modification of a part thereof. In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a burner constructed in accordance with and embodying the features of the preferred form of the invention;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the burner of Fig. 1 taken substantially on line 22 thereof;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional view taken through a part of the burner tip substantially on line 3-3 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of a modified burner tip; and

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary sectional view of the burner tip of Fig. 4 taken substantially on line 55 thereof.

Referring first to Fig. 1, the preferred form of the invention is shown as including a main sleeve or barrel portion Hi which has communicating thereto a pipe II. for supplying gasair or steam to the burner for effecting the breaking up or atomizing of the oil in the manner hereinafter described. The sleeve I is of sufficient length to extend through the wall of the furnace in which the burner is installed with the pipe I positioned exteriorly of the furnace and with the tip indicated generally by reference numeral I2 at the forward or lower end of the barrel, as shown in Fig. 1, properly located within the furnace. The end of the barrel I6 is externally screw-threaded at I3 while the upper end of the burner tip I2 is internally screw-threaded whereby the two parts are assembled together. A collar I4 is fixed to the outside of the barrel I2, as by welding, above the threads I3, and a suitable packing ring I6 between the lower face of the collar and the upper end of the tip |2 provides a suitable air and liquid-type connection between the two elements.

The burner tip I2 has adjacent the center section thereof other internal screw threads ll of somewhat smaller diameter than the threads at the upper end thereof, adapted to engage corresponding external screw threads adjacent the center of a so-called distributing head or spacing bushing, indicated generally by reference numeral l8. A shoulder I9 inside the burner tip |2 at the upper end of the screw threads I! engages a cooperating shoulder 2| on the distributing head I8 to position the distributing head within the burner tip.

The distributing head spacing bushing I8 has, as best shown in Figs. 2 and 3, a plurality of longitudinally extending ports 22 therein. The ports 22 are not of uniform diameter throughout their length but, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3, are larger at the lower ends than at the'upper ends. The distributing head I8 also has a centrally located bore in which is positioned the stem portion 23 of the valve indicated generally by reference numeral 24. The forward end of the valve 24 is tulip-shaped to form a valve head 26 of substantially the same diameter as that of the burner tip I2. The valve 24 is urged in an upward direction, as shown in Fig. l by means hereinafter described, so that the under surface of the valve head presses against the end of the burner tip. The underside of the valve head is lightly bevelled and the lower end of the burner tip is correspondingly bevelled to form a seat for the underside of the valve head 26. The said bevelled surface of the burner tip has arranged therein a plurality of grooves, such as 21, Fig. 2, through which the mixture of steam and oil are projected into the furnace. These grooves 2! are preferably tangential to the circle on which the ports 22 are formed, and the mixture of steam and oil leaving the burner tip through these grooves is, therefore, given a whirling motion.

At the upper or rear end of the main sleeve I6 is a valv guide element or spacing bushing 28 which extends a slight distance into the barrel i6 and is welded thereto as at 29. The guide member 28 has a central bore therein which at its forward end is substantially equal to or slightly larger than the stem 23 of the valve 24 to permit sliding movement of the stem therethrough. The remainder of this central bore is of large diameter to accommodate packing glands 3| on either side of a lantern ring 32.

The lantern ring 32 is substantially cylindrical in shape with a center bore adapted to receive the valve stem 23 and has both an inner and an outer annular groove 35 and 33, respectively, formed therein. An oil supply pipe 34 is connected to the side of the valve guide member 28 opposite the lantern ring 32, and oil supplied through the pipe 34 enters the space formed by the outer annular groove 33 of the lantern ring and the adjacent inside section of the valve member. A plurality of radial holes 36 through the wall of the lantern ring permits oil delivered to the space formed by the outer annular groove 33 to enter the inner annular groove 35, and these holes 36 are such a size and number as to form a strainer to strain foreign particles from the oil and prevent the same from entering the inner groove.

The section of the valve stem 23 between the lantern ring 32 and the distributing head I8 is hollow, and a plurality of holes, such as 31, through the wall of the valve stem at the lantern ring permits the oil to pass from the inner annular groove 35 to the valve stem. At the forward hollow section of the valve stem 23 are a corresponding set of holes or apertures 38 which permit oil from the valve stem to be discharged through the walls thereof into an annular groove 39 formed inside the distributing head and around the valve stem.

Threaded radially into the wall of the distributing head between the annular groove 39 and each one of the ports 22 is a hollow oil jet 4|. The inner ends of the oil jets 4| preferably terminate just short of or substantially flush with the outer diameter of the annular groove 39 and the head ends of the jets 4| protrude substantially to the center of the section of larger .diameter of associated ports 22. The jets 4| may be provided with slots, such as 46, to facilitate the installation thereof, and when installed the slots 46 in the jets are preferably parallel withthe axis of the burner. As oil under pressure from the supply pipe 34 is admitted through lantern ring 32 into the hollow section of the valve stem, it flows toward the valve head and out through the holes 38 into the annular groove 39 of the distributing head I8. From the annular groove 39 the oil still under pressure flows radially outward through the hollow jets 4| and into the stream of gas or steam passing through the ports 22. Here the oil will be picked up by the stream of passing gas of steam and mixed therewith to form a primary mixture, and since the discharge or head ends of the jets 4| protrude a substantial distance intothe ports 22,preferably the center thereof, there will be little or no tendency of the oil to flow along the wall of the ports. Accordingly, the discharge of the oil from the jets into the center of the stream of gas or steam flowing through the ports 22 more completely breaks up the oil and divides the same into the finest particles.

A packin gland follower 43 contacts the upper packing gland 3| to compress the packing glands and seal the valve stem at the lantern ring 32 in the area of the oil delivery pipe 34. The follower 43 is urged downwardly by a compression spring 44 working against a flange 46 on the follower. A cap 56 in threaded engagement with the upper end of the valve guide member 28 holds the follower in place and serves as a means for initially compressing the packing glands 3| while the spring 44 serves to maintain the packing glands compressed.

The upper end of the valve stem 23 is threaded and in threaded engagement therewith is a mem ber 41. The member 41 has external threads throughout the greater part of its length adapted to receive a spring tension adjustment collar 48. By threadin the collar 48 alon the member 47, the spring 44 may be compressed varying amounts. A set screw 49 in the collar serves to hold the same in an adjusted position and a handle 5|, the ends of which extend axially from the member 41 wherein it is mounted, serves as a means for rotating the member 41 together with the valve 24 secured thereto.

In addition to compressing the packing glands 3|, the spring 44 serves to urge the valve 24 in an upward direction to maintain the underside of the head against the end of the burner tip, and since there is no rigid oil connection to the valve stem, it may be rotated any amount desired for cleaning the grooves 2'! at the end of the burner tip. Furthermore, the valve may be longitudinally moved in a downward direction, as shown in Fig. 1, against the action of the spring 44 by the application of pressure on the member 41 to facilitate the cleaning of the grooves 27 in the burner tip [2.

While the upper end of the valve stem 23 is shown as being solid, in which case the valve stem would be fabricated from two pieces in order to drill the hollow section thereof, the two pieces being secured together by suitable means as by welding, the valve stem could readily be made from a single piece in which case the hollow section would extend to the end within the member 41.

In Figs. 4 and 5, a burner tip 52 is shown constructed of a single piece. This tip has internal threads 53 adapted to engage cooperatin threads on the lower end of the sleeve l0 whereby it is secured thereto. In this modification of the burner tip, steam ports 54 of uniform diameter permit the passage of steam from the sleeve to the head end of the burner. The ports 54 are not parallel with the axis of the burner but slope slightly, as shown in Fig. 4, toward the forward end. A central bore 56 is adapted to receive the stem of the valve and an annular groove 51 therein receives oil from the discharge openings of the valve stem.

In accordance with this modification of the burner tip and as best shown in Fig. 5, a hole 55 is drilled through the tip into each pair of steam ports 54. Between each pair of steam ports an oil duct 58 is drilled to connect the annular groove 51 with the hole connecting its pair of associated steam ports 54. The holes 55 from the outside of the tip are later plug ed'up by means of plugs,

such as 59, which may be threaded into the tip, and with this arrangement only one plug 59 with its associated oil duct 58 need be made for each pair of steam ducts. Such an arrangement simplifies the construction of the burner tip and permits a greater number of steam ports to be employed than where, as in the above-mentioned Wiant patent, each steam port has an associated oil duct formed through an opening in the tip which must later be plugged.

While in the above description steam has generally been referred to as the medium employed to effect the primary mixing or atomization of the fuel oil, it will be obvious that other mediums could be employed such as gas or air.

It will also be obvious that various other modifications and arrangements of the invention other than those shown in the drawings and described herein may be made without departing from the spirit or essentialattributes thereof and it is desired, therefore, that only such limitations be placed thereon as are specifically defined in the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

In a burner of the character described for atomizing a liquid fuel by a gas and projecting the same into a furnace, a first hollow conductor adapted to be supplied with a gas under pressure, a second hollow conductor, a first spacing bushing and a second spacing bushing secured to said conductors, means including said bushings for slidably and rotatably supporting said second conductor within said first conductor, a liquid fuel supply member fixedly positioned with respect to said first conductor, means for establishing communication for liquid fuel from said liquid supply member to the inside of said second conductor, said means including holes through the walls of said second conductor and a grooved sleeve surrounding said second conductor at saidholes, said sleeve having recesses on the inner and outer surfaces thereof with connecting holes and sealing glands at its ends engaging the inner surface of said first bushing and the outer surface of said conductor, means including said second conductor for conveying said liquid fuel to a liquid and gas mixing position within said first conductor, a series of longitudinally extending ports in said second bushing for effecting said mixing including dividing of through said second series of ports, said jets extending into the axial centers of said longitudinal ports and in a direction substantially normal to y the direction of flow of said gas streams, and means for dividing said mixture into a plurality of streams and projecting the same from said burner.

HUGH WIANT.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,796,130 Szodomka Mar. 10, 1931 2,229,467 Maxwell Jan. 21, 1941 2,276,131 Wiant Mar. 10, 1942 2,375,884 Arvins May 15, 1945

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