US2539202A - Method of dyeing animal fibers - Google Patents

Method of dyeing animal fibers Download PDF

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Publication number
US2539202A
US2539202A US791147A US79114747A US2539202A US 2539202 A US2539202 A US 2539202A US 791147 A US791147 A US 791147A US 79114747 A US79114747 A US 79114747A US 2539202 A US2539202 A US 2539202A
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Prior art keywords
hair
propigment
dyeing
fibers
dioxyphenylalanine
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US791147A
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Samuel M Peck
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
    • A61Q5/06—Preparations for styling the hair, e.g. by temporary shaping or colouring
    • A61Q5/065—Preparations for temporary colouring the hair, e.g. direct dyes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • A61K8/44—Aminocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. aminocarboxylic acids containing sulfur; Salts; Esters or N-acylated derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/64—Proteins; Peptides; Derivatives or degradation products thereof
    • A61K8/66—Enzymes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
    • D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
    • D06P3/02—Material containing basic nitrogen
    • D06P3/04—Material containing basic nitrogen containing amide groups
    • D06P3/30—Material containing basic nitrogen containing amide groups furs feathers, dead hair, furskins, pelts
    • D06P3/305—Material containing basic nitrogen containing amide groups furs feathers, dead hair, furskins, pelts with oxidation dyes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improvements in methods of dyeing hair, fur and the like, and it relates particularly to methods of applying to hair, fur or the like materials capable oi conversion into colored pigments and converting them into suitable colored pigments.
  • the dyes used heretofore for dyeing hair or i'ur for example, human hair, animal pelts, and the like. may be classified generally as metallic salt dyes and organic dyes.
  • compositions are capable of forming dark-colored pigments.
  • pigment formation in warm blooded animals is brought about by the action of an enzyme on a colorless propigment known as dioxyphenylalanine.
  • a colorless propigment known as dioxyphenylalanine.
  • the vegetable kingdom has an analogous system for producing dark-colored pigments.
  • the discoloration of freshly cut potatoes is brought about by the action of an enzyme or oxidase, tyrosinase, on the colorless propigment tyrosine resulting in the formation of melamine, a dark-colored pigment.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a method of dyeing keratinaceous substances with physiologically occurrin substances that will be free from toxic or allergic reactions.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide 2 a method or dyeing hair or i'ur by applying physiologically occurring propigments and converting such propigments into dark-colored pigments in situ.
  • the method embodying the invention comprises applying to the hair or the fur a slightly acid, neutral or alkaline solution 01' the propigment and allowing it to oxidize or causing it to be oxidized by a suitable oxidase which is applied to the hair simultaneously with, or subsequently to, the application of the propigment.
  • the color to be developed on the hair or fur determines to a large extent upon the concentration of the propigment deposited on the hair and the extent of oxidation of the propigment. This latter factor is determined largely by time.
  • a solution of the propigment or the propigment and an oxidase is applied to the hair and caused to oxidize by blowing warm air over it, for example, by means of a hair drier.
  • the oxidizing action is carried on until the proper color is attained, after which. the hair is rinsed or washed to remove the remaining unoxidized propigment.
  • the concentration 01' the propigment may be varied considerably.
  • a typical method embodying the invention comprises applying to fur or-hair an aqueous solution oi tyrosine containing tyrosinase and having a pH value between 6 and 8. The solution is permitted to dry slowly on the fur or hair until a light brown pigment is formed.
  • Tyrosine alone, may be used, at a pH value of '7 or above, for dyeing hair or fur although the formation of the pigment, melanin, requires considerably longer time.
  • dioxyphenylalanine (dopa) to a brown pigment may be accelerated by the addition of tyrosinase or a polyphenolase to the solution.
  • the polyphenolases are present in the leucocytes and, therefore, are physiologically occurring substances.
  • compositions such as adrenalin
  • adrenalin will also form colored pigments when oxidized at a pH value oi. 7 or above, and the oxidation of such propigments can be accelerated by the addition 01' an oxidase such as tyrosinase or polyphenolase.
  • dyes oi the type doscribed above are not harmful to individuals being treated with or handling them.
  • natural shades or colors are developed when such propigments as tyrosine and dioxyphenylalanine are used inasmuch as they normally are the source of the coloring pigments present in the skin, hair and eyes or vegetable matter.
  • a method of dyeing keratinaceous substances which comprises applying to the surface of the substance 2. physiologically occurring propigment of the class consisting of dioxyphenylalanine and tyrosine, and oxidizing the propigment in said substance.
  • a method of dyeing keratinaceous substances which comprises applying to the surface of the substance a physiologically occurring propigment of the class consisting of dioxyphenylalanine and tyrosine, and oxidizing the propigment in said substance with an oxidase.
  • a method of dyeing keratinaceous substances which comprises applying to the surface of the substance a physiologically occuring propigment of the class consisting of dioxyphenylalanine and tyrosine, and, oxidizing the propigment on said substance with an oxidase of the class consisting of tyrosinase and polyphenolases.
  • a method of dyeing animal fibers which comprises applying to the surfaces of said fibers a solution containing dioxyphenylalanine having a pH value of about 7 to 8, and drying and oxidizing said solution on said fibers.
  • a method of dyeing animal fibers which comprises applying to the surfaces of said fibers a solution containing dioxyphenylalanine and an oxidase and having a pH value of about 7 to 8, and drying and oxidizing said solution on said fibers.
  • a method of dyeing animal fibers which comprises applying to the surfaces of said fibers 9. solution containing dioxyphenylalanine and tyrosinase and having a pH value of about 7 to 8, and drying and oxidizing said solution on said fibers.
  • a method of dyeing animal fibers which comprises applying to the surfaces of said fibers a solution containing tyrosine having a pH value between about 6 and 8, and drying and oxidizing said solution on said fibers.
  • a method of dyeing animal fibers which comprises applying to the surfaces of said fibers a solution containing tyrosine and tyrosinase having a pH value between about 6 and 8, and drying and oxidizing said solution on said fibers.

Description

Patented Jan. 23, 1951 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE No Drawing. Application December 11, 1947, Serial No. 791,147
8 Claims.
This invention relates to improvements in methods of dyeing hair, fur and the like, and it relates particularly to methods of applying to hair, fur or the like materials capable oi conversion into colored pigments and converting them into suitable colored pigments.
The dyes used heretofore for dyeing hair or i'ur, for example, human hair, animal pelts, and the like. may be classified generally as metallic salt dyes and organic dyes.
Most, if not all, of these dyes have, in common, the characteristic of being toxic to many individuals. Paraphenylenediamine, a dye commonly used in the fur dyein business is highly toxic and many cases of poisoning occur yearly from the use of this compound. Also, many of these dyes produce allergic reactions even though the dyes in themselves may not be regarded generally as toxic when used in reasonable concentrations.
For the above reasons, the hair and fur dyes now commonly available are not all that might be desired for universal usage.
It has been recognized in the past that naturally or physiologically occurring compositions are capable of forming dark-colored pigments.
It is known, for example, that pigment formation in warm blooded animals is brought about by the action of an enzyme on a colorless propigment known as dioxyphenylalanine. Also, it is known that the vegetable kingdom has an analogous system for producing dark-colored pigments. For example, the discoloration of freshly cut potatoes is brought about by the action of an enzyme or oxidase, tyrosinase, on the colorless propigment tyrosine resulting in the formation of melamine, a dark-colored pigment.
In 1932, I published a paper entitled "Optical specificity of dioxyphenylalanine oxidase, the melanogenic enzyme of the skin (Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology, Sept. 1932, vol. 26, pp. 499 to 503), in which I showed that it was levorotatory dioxyphenylalanine (dopa) which was the real propigment to the dark colored skin, hair or eye pigments.
I have now discovered that by using the propigments referred to above, and others, either alone or with suitable oxidases and within a controlled range of pH values that I can produce natural dark-colored pigments on hair, in! or other keratinaceous substances.
An object of the invention, therefore, is to provide a method of dyeing keratinaceous substances with physiologically occurrin substances that will be free from toxic or allergic reactions.
A further object of the invention is to provide 2 a method or dyeing hair or i'ur by applying physiologically occurring propigments and converting such propigments into dark-colored pigments in situ.
The method embodying the invention comprises applying to the hair or the fur a slightly acid, neutral or alkaline solution 01' the propigment and allowing it to oxidize or causing it to be oxidized by a suitable oxidase which is applied to the hair simultaneously with, or subsequently to, the application of the propigment.
The color to be developed on the hair or fur determines to a large extent upon the concentration of the propigment deposited on the hair and the extent of oxidation of the propigment. This latter factor is determined largely by time. Thus, to produce a light brown color, a solution of the propigment or the propigment and an oxidase is applied to the hair and caused to oxidize by blowing warm air over it, for example, by means of a hair drier. The oxidizing action is carried on until the proper color is attained, after which. the hair is rinsed or washed to remove the remaining unoxidized propigment. The concentration 01' the propigment may be varied considerably.
A typical method embodying the invention comprises applying to fur or-hair an aqueous solution oi tyrosine containing tyrosinase and having a pH value between 6 and 8. The solution is permitted to dry slowly on the fur or hair until a light brown pigment is formed.
Similar results can be obtained by applying a neutral or slightly alkaline aqueous solution of dioxyphenylalanine to hair and drying it slowly until the desired color is obtained. The formation of the brown pigment is somewhat slower in this case.
Tyrosine, alone, may be used, at a pH value of '7 or above, for dyeing hair or fur although the formation of the pigment, melanin, requires considerably longer time.
The conversion of dioxyphenylalanine (dopa) to a brown pigment may be accelerated by the addition of tyrosinase or a polyphenolase to the solution. The polyphenolases are present in the leucocytes and, therefore, are physiologically occurring substances.
Other physiological compositions, such as adrenalin, will also form colored pigments when oxidized at a pH value oi. 7 or above, and the oxidation of such propigments can be accelerated by the addition 01' an oxidase such as tyrosinase or polyphenolase.
The great advantage of dyes oi the type doscribed above is that they are not harmful to individuals being treated with or handling them. Moreover, natural shades or colors are developed when such propigments as tyrosine and dioxyphenylalanine are used inasmuch as they normally are the source of the coloring pigments present in the skin, hair and eyes or vegetable matter.
From the preceding description of typical methods embodying the present invention, it will be understood that I have developed methods of dyeing hair, fur or other keratinaceous substances that are free from the harmful effects associated with the non-physiological dyes heretofore used.
It will be understood that the proportions of the components may be varied considerably and their manner of application to the hair or fur is susceptible to considerable variation. Therefore, the above described methods of dyeing keratinaceous substances are illustrative and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the following claims.
I claim:
1. A method of dyeing keratinaceous substances which comprises applying to the surface of the substance 2. physiologically occurring propigment of the class consisting of dioxyphenylalanine and tyrosine, and oxidizing the propigment in said substance.
2. A method of dyeing keratinaceous substances which comprises applying to the surface of the substance a physiologically occurring propigment of the class consisting of dioxyphenylalanine and tyrosine, and oxidizing the propigment in said substance with an oxidase.
3. A method of dyeing keratinaceous substances which comprises applying to the surface of the substance a physiologically occuring propigment of the class consisting of dioxyphenylalanine and tyrosine, and, oxidizing the propigment on said substance with an oxidase of the class consisting of tyrosinase and polyphenolases.
4. A method of dyeing animal fibers which comprises applying to the surfaces of said fibers a solution containing dioxyphenylalanine having a pH value of about 7 to 8, and drying and oxidizing said solution on said fibers.
5. A method of dyeing animal fibers which comprises applying to the surfaces of said fibers a solution containing dioxyphenylalanine and an oxidase and having a pH value of about 7 to 8, and drying and oxidizing said solution on said fibers.
6. A method of dyeing animal fibers which comprises applying to the surfaces of said fibers 9. solution containing dioxyphenylalanine and tyrosinase and having a pH value of about 7 to 8, and drying and oxidizing said solution on said fibers.
7. A method of dyeing animal fibers which comprises applying to the surfaces of said fibers a solution containing tyrosine having a pH value between about 6 and 8, and drying and oxidizing said solution on said fibers.
8. A method of dyeing animal fibers which comprises applying to the surfaces of said fibers a solution containing tyrosine and tyrosinase having a pH value between about 6 and 8, and drying and oxidizing said solution on said fibers.
SAMUEL M. PECK.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,426,298 Korselt Aug. 15, 1922 1,844,018 Sailer Feb. 9, 1932 1,918,158 Weisberg et a1 July 11, 1933 OTHER REFERENCES Weisskopf in Dyer and Textile Printer, Jan. 8, 1943.
American Dyestuif Reporter, March 29, 1943, pp. 163 and 164, by Weisskopf.
Textbook of Biochemistry, by Harrow, 4th Ed. (1946), pp. 366, 399 and 400.

Claims (1)

1. A METHOD OF DYEING KERATINACEOUS SUBSTANCES WHICH COMPRISES APPLYING TO THE SURFACE OF THE SUBSTANCE A PHYSIOLOGICALLY OCCURING PROPIGMENT OF THE CLASS CONSISTING OF DIOXYPHENYLALANINE AND TYROSINE, AND OXIDING THE PROPIGMENT IN SAID SUBSTANCE.
US791147A 1947-12-11 1947-12-11 Method of dyeing animal fibers Expired - Lifetime US2539202A (en)

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Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2875769A (en) * 1957-08-20 1959-03-03 Apod Corp Keratinaceous fiber dye of hydroquinone and either dihydroxyphenylalanine or dihydroxyphenylglycine and method of its use
US2944869A (en) * 1957-01-21 1960-07-12 Oreal Process for dyeing keratinous material with ortho-diphenols
US3194734A (en) * 1959-07-24 1965-07-13 Oreal Processes and compositions for dyeing hair and similar fibres
US3251742A (en) * 1962-05-14 1966-05-17 Revlon Method for coloring human hair with polyhydric aromatic compound, aromatic amine andan oxidation enzyme
US3893803A (en) * 1972-10-10 1975-07-08 Procter & Gamble Hair dyeing premixes containing peroxidase enzymes stabilized with heme complexing agents
US3957424A (en) * 1971-10-27 1976-05-18 The Procter & Gamble Company Enzyme-activated oxidative process for coloring hair
US3993436A (en) * 1973-12-01 1976-11-23 Shiseido Co., Ltd. Dyeing live hair with melanin precursors
US4021538A (en) * 1975-09-29 1977-05-03 Yu Ruey J Method for producing pigmentation in hair or skin
FR2673534A1 (en) * 1991-03-08 1992-09-11 Perma COMPOSITION FOR THE ENZYMATIC COLORING OF KERATIN FIBERS, IN PARTICULAR HAIR, AND ITS APPLICATION IN A COLORING PROCESS.
US5173085A (en) * 1982-12-07 1992-12-22 Clairol Incorporated Hair dyeing process and compositons package
EP0548620A1 (en) * 1991-12-20 1993-06-30 GOLDWELL GmbH Process and composition for oxidative dyeing of human hair using catalase-free peroxidase
US5273550A (en) * 1991-09-26 1993-12-28 Clairol Incorporated Process and kit for dyeing hair
US5279618A (en) * 1991-09-26 1994-01-18 Clairol Incorporated Process and kit for dyeing hair
US5899212A (en) * 1998-05-07 1999-05-04 Novo Nordisk A/S Re-formation of keratinous fibre cross links
US5972042A (en) * 1995-12-22 1999-10-26 Novo Nordisk A/S Method for dyeing a material with a dyeing system which contains an enzymatic oxidizing agent
US20030177589A1 (en) * 2000-08-15 2003-09-25 Johanna Buchert Method for treating proteinaceous fibers
EP1820491A1 (en) * 2004-12-08 2007-08-22 Kao Corporation Hair dye composition
WO2012067868A2 (en) * 2010-11-15 2012-05-24 John Masters Organic Hair Care, Inc. Coloring composition containing l-dopa and l-arginine and forming a non-covalent derivatization complex

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1426298A (en) * 1917-10-24 1922-08-15 Chemical Foundation Inc Method of rendering animal and vegetable fibers active
US1844018A (en) * 1929-04-18 1932-02-09 Mead Res Engineering Company Method of preparing tanning substances
US1918158A (en) * 1931-11-25 1933-07-11 Weisberg & Greenwald Inc Method of coloring hair

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1426298A (en) * 1917-10-24 1922-08-15 Chemical Foundation Inc Method of rendering animal and vegetable fibers active
US1844018A (en) * 1929-04-18 1932-02-09 Mead Res Engineering Company Method of preparing tanning substances
US1918158A (en) * 1931-11-25 1933-07-11 Weisberg & Greenwald Inc Method of coloring hair

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2944869A (en) * 1957-01-21 1960-07-12 Oreal Process for dyeing keratinous material with ortho-diphenols
DE1106925B (en) * 1957-01-21 1961-05-18 Monsavon L Oreal Sa Process for coloring living human hair
US2875769A (en) * 1957-08-20 1959-03-03 Apod Corp Keratinaceous fiber dye of hydroquinone and either dihydroxyphenylalanine or dihydroxyphenylglycine and method of its use
US3194734A (en) * 1959-07-24 1965-07-13 Oreal Processes and compositions for dyeing hair and similar fibres
US3251742A (en) * 1962-05-14 1966-05-17 Revlon Method for coloring human hair with polyhydric aromatic compound, aromatic amine andan oxidation enzyme
US3957424A (en) * 1971-10-27 1976-05-18 The Procter & Gamble Company Enzyme-activated oxidative process for coloring hair
US3893803A (en) * 1972-10-10 1975-07-08 Procter & Gamble Hair dyeing premixes containing peroxidase enzymes stabilized with heme complexing agents
US3993436A (en) * 1973-12-01 1976-11-23 Shiseido Co., Ltd. Dyeing live hair with melanin precursors
US4021538A (en) * 1975-09-29 1977-05-03 Yu Ruey J Method for producing pigmentation in hair or skin
US5173085A (en) * 1982-12-07 1992-12-22 Clairol Incorporated Hair dyeing process and compositons package
FR2673534A1 (en) * 1991-03-08 1992-09-11 Perma COMPOSITION FOR THE ENZYMATIC COLORING OF KERATIN FIBERS, IN PARTICULAR HAIR, AND ITS APPLICATION IN A COLORING PROCESS.
EP0504005A1 (en) * 1991-03-08 1992-09-16 PERMA Société Anonyme Composition for an enzymic coloration of keratin fibres, especially for hair and its use in a dyeing process
US5279618A (en) * 1991-09-26 1994-01-18 Clairol Incorporated Process and kit for dyeing hair
US5273550A (en) * 1991-09-26 1993-12-28 Clairol Incorporated Process and kit for dyeing hair
US5279617A (en) * 1991-09-26 1994-01-18 Clairol Incorporated Process and kit for dyeing hair
EP0548620A1 (en) * 1991-12-20 1993-06-30 GOLDWELL GmbH Process and composition for oxidative dyeing of human hair using catalase-free peroxidase
US5972042A (en) * 1995-12-22 1999-10-26 Novo Nordisk A/S Method for dyeing a material with a dyeing system which contains an enzymatic oxidizing agent
US5899212A (en) * 1998-05-07 1999-05-04 Novo Nordisk A/S Re-formation of keratinous fibre cross links
US20030177589A1 (en) * 2000-08-15 2003-09-25 Johanna Buchert Method for treating proteinaceous fibers
EP1311719B1 (en) * 2000-08-15 2010-10-06 Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus A method for treating proteinaceous fibres
EP1820491A1 (en) * 2004-12-08 2007-08-22 Kao Corporation Hair dye composition
EP1820491A4 (en) * 2004-12-08 2015-01-21 Kao Corp Hair dye composition
WO2012067868A2 (en) * 2010-11-15 2012-05-24 John Masters Organic Hair Care, Inc. Coloring composition containing l-dopa and l-arginine and forming a non-covalent derivatization complex
WO2012067868A3 (en) * 2010-11-15 2012-07-05 John Masters Organic Hair Care, Inc. Coloring composition containing l-dopa and l-arginine and forming a non-covalent derivatization complex

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